warm – up 8/ 14- 17 /2015 -essentials: pen or pencil, quiz slip, yellow slip, stem cell research...
TRANSCRIPT
Warm – up 8/14-17/2015
- Essentials: Pen or pencil, Quiz slip, yellow slip, stem cell research rubric.
- Warm-Up: In your groups quiz/teach each other components of the cell, mitosis, active and passive transport, osmosis and diffusion. You will have 10 minutes.
1. Parts of the cell, what is their job
2. Mitosis stages, what occurs during each stage
3. types of transportations of particles and fluidsAgenda DOL: SWBAT identify major body cavities and subdivisions and analyze the
importance of anatomical and directional terminology. Homework: Reads Chap. 5, Stem Cell Research Debate
- Announcements:- Quiz on Thurs/Fri- Debate Tues/Wed over Stem Cell Research (quiz grade!)- Lab next Thurs/Fri- Test August 28th
QUIZ #2
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Cell Cycle, Cancer
& Stem Cells
BEACH TIME!!WHY WOULD MS. HERVEY GIVE YOU A POOL NOODLE?
3 MINUTE BRAIN STORM AT YOUR TABLE
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
The Cell Cycle
•Orderly set of steps between eukaryotic cell divisions
Why do Cells Divide?
•Think, Pair, Share
1. Growth
2. Reproduction
3. Repair
Cell Cycle Two major stages:1. Interphase – cell is not dividing2. Mitotic (M) phase – cell is dividing
Stages of interphase1. Interphase
i. G1 phase (first gap phase) – growth phase when new organelles are produced and centrioles are produced
ii. S phase (synthesis) – nuclear DNA is replicatediii. G2 phase (second gap phase) – brief growth period for
production of enzymes needed for cell division, organelle and centriole production finishes
Stages of mitotic phase2. Mitotic phase
i. Mitosis – nucleus divides two sets of chromosomes into two daughter nuclei (4 phases)
ii. Cytokinesis – cytoplasm divides (usually begins during telophase)
Control of the Cell Cycle G1 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is damagedG2 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is replicated properlyM Checkpoint - spindle assembly checkpoint, check for alignment of chromosomes Apoptosis - programmed cell death, if any of the checks fail
Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase
iPMAT“Please make another twin”
Phases of Mitosis•Prophase: Chromosomes visible, spindle forms as centrioles move
•Metaphase: Chromosomes line up along equator
•Anaphase: Chromatids separate
•Telophase: Nuclear membrane forms on each side, cytokinesis begins
**In plant cells, cytokinesis begins when a new cell wall forms between the two new cells.
**In animal cells, the two new cells pinch and pull apart
Mitosis produces 2 daughter cellsThe two daughter cells contain the exact same number of chromosomes as the original parent cellDaughter cells are DIPLOID
1.Name the phases
starting at the top.
1.Name the phase2.Identify X3.Identify Y
4. Name the
phase
5. Name the
phase
Draw the stages of mitosis in
your notes.
Let’s discuss your noodles!
Everyone stand up and form a circle with those holding the noodle in the middle and bound tightly.
The Cell Cycle and Cancer
•Cancer: cellular growth disorder that results from the mutation of genes that regulate the cell cycle• benign: non-cancerous• malignant: cancerous
•Cancer cells
• lack differentiation• have abnormal nuclei• form tumors
HeLa Cells
A HeLa cell (also Hela or hela cell) is a cell type in an immortal cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line.
The line was derived from cervical cancer cells taken from Henrietta Lacks, a patient who eventually died of her cancer on October 4, 1951.
Article on Henrietta Lacks
Introducing stem cells
A life story…
stem cell
What is a stem cell?
stem cell
SELF-RENEWAL(copying)
specialized celle.g. muscle cell, nerve cell
DIFFERENTIATION(specializing)
What is a stem cell?
Identical stem cells
Stem cell
SELF-RENEWAL(copying)
Stem cell
Specialized cells
DIFFERENTIATION(specializing)
1 stem cell
Self renewal - maintains the stem cell pool
4 specialized cells
Differentiation - replaces dead or damagedcells throughout your life
Why self-renew AND differentiate?1 stem cell
Where are stem cells found?
embryonic stem cellsblastocyst - a very early
embryo
tissue stem cellsfetus, baby and throughout life
Types of stem cell:1) Embryonic stem cells
Embryonic stem (ES) cells:Where we find them
blastocyst
outer layer of cells= ‘trophectoderm’
cells inside = ‘inner cell mass’
embryonic stem cells taken fromthe inner cell mass
culture in the labto grow more cells
fluid with nutrients
Embryonic stem (ES) cells:What they can do
embryonic stem cells
PLURIPOTENT
all possible types of specialized cells
differentiation
neuronsgrow under conditions B
Embryonic stem (ES) cells:Challenges
embryonic stem cells
skin
grow under conditions A
blood
grow under conditions C
liver
grow under conditions D
?
Types of stem cell:2) Tissue stem cells
Tissue stem cells:Where we find them
muscles
skin
surface of the eye brain
breast
intestines (gut)
bone marrow
testicles
Tissue stem cells:What they can do
MULTIPOTENT
blood stem cell
found in bone marrow
differentiation
only specialized types of blood cell:red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets
Types of stem cell:3)Induced pluripotent (iPS)
stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)
adult cell
‘genetic reprogramming’= add certain genes to the cell
induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cellbehaves like an embryonic stem cell
Advantage: no need for embryos! all possible types ofspecialized cells
culture iPS cells in the lab
differentiation
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)
adult cell (skin)
genetic reprogramming
pluripotent stem cell(iPS)
differentiation
Stem cell jargon
Potency A measure of how many types of specialized cell a stem cell can make
Pluripotent Can make all types of specialized cells in the body Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent
Multipotent Can make multiple types of specialized cells, but not all typesTissue stem cells are multipotent
Stem Cell Experts• You will be assigned a stem cell topic• 5 minutes to read the article on your own• 5 minutes to discuss the main points of
the article• 3 minutes each to present the main
points to your group members
Stem Cell Articles http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/embryonic-stem-cell-research-ethical-dilemma
http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/stem-cell-research-therapy-types-stem-cells-and-their-current-uses
http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/origins-ethics-and-embryos-sources-human-embryonic-stem-cells
http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/ethics-and-reprogramming-ethical-questions-after-discovery-ips-cells