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Warm Up. With the last incident in Connecticut in your opinion what should school districts do to ensure the safety of the students and staff? Remember you must be within reason. Classical Africa. Northeast Africa. Early Nubia: Egypt as a model, gold and slaves - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Warm Up
• With the last incident in Connecticut in your opinion what should school districts do to ensure the safety of the students and staff?
• Remember you must be within reason.
Classical Africa
Northeast Africa• Early Nubia: Egypt as a model, gold
and slaves• Napata (Kush): 8th- 6th century
fought with Egyptians• Meroë: Nubians adopted Hellenism,
gold and ivory, irrigation technology, 5 independent female rulers, shifting trade patterns lead to decline
Blue Nile, Northern Ethiopia
Kushite Pyramids
Christian Nubia (NEA)• Missionaries converted nobility
(543-1504)• Divided into feudal kingdoms• Christian society with monasteries,
cathedrals, and castles ruled by African bishops and knights
Ethiopian Highlands (NEA)
• South of Nubia: outside Nile valley• 2nd oldest African civilization• Arab colonists intermarried and
absorbed by locals: State of Axum• Axum kings: Merchant princes of
Red Sea trade• Major regional power until coming
of Islam
Ethiopian Highlands
West Africa• Horse: military system rested on armored,
mounted knights• Camel: major event in African history,
TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE with North Africa• Divine Kingship: used to establish
ideology for the centralized politics and economy
• Gold: success rested on camels, new fields, and strong kingdoms
Ghana (WA)• Oldest historical West African
kingdom• Greatest period 10-13th centuries• Gold: biggest, wealthiest, most
powerful state in west Africa• Traditional religions: Divine
Kingship
Ghana and Islam• Muslim merchants in 9th century• Ghana kings learned to capitalize
on writing and administration skills• Merged into a single society• Sacked by Muslim Berbers from
the Sahara• Lost preeminence in Africa
Mali (WA)• United WA after fall of Ghana• Sundiata: Alexander of Africa• Mansa Musa: MVP of Mali society
– Ruled at height of power– Pilgrimage– Wide spread inflation
Mansa Musa
Songhai (WA)• Final and greatest kingdom 1464-1592• Overthrew Mali• Great centers of Islamic learning and
culture• Timbuktu• Overthrown by Moroccans in 1591• Benin and Ifo (Art and Statues)
Southern and Central Sub-Saharan Africa
• Numerous ethnic groups collectively known as Bantu, a linguistic term
• Not native, migrated from western Africa (Niger river) as early as 400 BCE
• Iron tools: increased population, powerful military states
• Social organization: male solidarity, expands power and land
Eastern Zimbabwe cave paintings, carbon dated at nearly 1000 years ago
Mwenemutapa (Great Zimbabwe)
• Flourished in 13-17th centuries• Power: Bantu military traditions, gold,
good agricultural production, and control of trade routes
• Most famous part is walled complex at Great Zimbabwe: supreme example of indigenous African architecture. Included stone places, walls, towers, and shrines
Great Zimbabwe Ruins