Warm UP! Warm UP! Which are quantitative and which are qualitative Which are quantitative and which are qualitative

observations?observations?a.a. The road is wetThe road is wetb.b. I weighed the rice I weighed the rice c.c. There are a dozen females in the herdThere are a dozen females in the herd A hunter wanted to do an experiment to see which kind of A hunter wanted to do an experiment to see which kind of

bait would catch the most squirrels. He set one trap out with bait would catch the most squirrels. He set one trap out with out any bait, One trap with peanut butter and one with out any bait, One trap with peanut butter and one with walnuts. Each trap were set at the same time and same type walnuts. Each trap were set at the same time and same type of location in the same woodlot every day for a week. At the of location in the same woodlot every day for a week. At the end of the week the hunter counted the number of catches end of the week the hunter counted the number of catches he had for each trap. he had for each trap.

What was his independent variable? whyWhat was his independent variable? why What was his dependent variable? Why What was his dependent variable? Why Write a possible hypothesis the hunter could have made Write a possible hypothesis the hunter could have made

about his experiment about his experiment

Chemical Basis for

Life Chapter 6

Why do we need Chemistry in Biology?

An understanding of biology requires a little knowledge of chemistry. It is important to know aspects of chemistry to make biology come alive.\

for example: any living organism is really just a complex network of chemicals and atoms!

•is anything that takes up space and has mass.

•is made of atoms, which are the smallest particles of an element that still have all the properties of an element.

Smallest amount of an elementMade up of 3 subatomic particles

◦Neutrons (o) = neutral/no charge

◦Protons (+) = positive charge

◦Electrons (-) = negative charge

Protons (p+) and Protons (p+) and Neutrons are found Neutrons are found in the in the nucleusnucleus of the of the atom.atom.

Electrons (e-) are Electrons (e-) are in motion in the in motion in the space around the space around the nucleusnucleus.. # E- = # P+# E- = # P+

An element’s atomic number = the # of protons and # of electrons the element has

Atomic #

Carbon has 6 electrons and 6 protons

The positive charge from the Proton and the Negative charge from the electron, balance out the charge of the atom, making it neutral in charge

Electron Distribution Electron Distribution Electrons are Electrons are

distributed into energy distributed into energy levels that surround the levels that surround the nucleus nucleus

An atom can only have An atom can only have a maximum of 2 e- in a maximum of 2 e- in the first energy level, 8 the first energy level, 8 in the second, 18 in the in the second, 18 in the 33rdrd and 32 in the 4 and 32 in the 4thth

Valance electronsValance electrons: the : the electrons on an Atom’s electrons on an Atom’s outermost energy level outermost energy level

Draw a Nitrogen atom with an atomic Draw a Nitrogen atom with an atomic number of 7. How many valence electrons number of 7. How many valence electrons

does this atom have?does this atom have?

Draw a Neon atom with an atomic number Draw a Neon atom with an atomic number of 10of 10

How many valence electrons does this How many valence electrons does this

atom have?atom have?

Get in partners and collect Get in partners and collect materials we’re going to materials we’re going to practice drawing atomspractice drawing atoms

The “quiz”The “quiz” Draw an atom on a piece of printer paper. Draw an atom on a piece of printer paper. At the Top of the printer paper put your name, the At the Top of the printer paper put your name, the

name and atomic number of your Element along with name and atomic number of your Element along with the number of valence e-the number of valence e-

Label the following parts of your atom: Label the following parts of your atom: the electrons, protons and neutrons and indicate the the electrons, protons and neutrons and indicate the

charge that is associated with each charge that is associated with each The 1The 1stst – 3 – 3rdrd energy level and indicate the maximum energy level and indicate the maximum

number of electron that can go in each level number of electron that can go in each level The nucleus The nucleus

Boron Boron

Atomic Atomic

# 5# 5

Neon Neon

Atomic # Atomic #

1010

Berylium Berylium

Atomic #Atomic #

44

Sodium Sodium

Atomic # 11Atomic # 11

Carbon Carbon

Atomic # 6Atomic # 6

Aluminum Aluminum

Atomic # Atomic #

1313

Nitrogen Nitrogen

Atomic # 7Atomic # 7

FluorineFluorine

Atomic #Atomic #

99

Boron Boron

Atomic Atomic

# 5# 5

Neon Neon

Atomic # Atomic #

1010

Berylium Berylium

Atomic #Atomic #

44

Sodium Sodium

Atomic # 11Atomic # 11

Carbon Carbon

Atomic # 6Atomic # 6

Aluminum Aluminum

Atomic # Atomic #

1313

Nitrogen Nitrogen

Atomic # 7Atomic # 7

FluorineFluorine

Atomic #Atomic #

99

Boron Boron

Atomic Atomic

# 5# 5

Neon Neon

Atomic # Atomic #

1010

Berylium Berylium

Atomic #Atomic #

44

Sodium Sodium

Atomic # 11Atomic # 11

Carbon Carbon

Atomic # 6Atomic # 6

Aluminum Aluminum

Atomic # Atomic #

1313

Nitrogen Nitrogen

Atomic # 7Atomic # 7

FluorineFluorine

Atomic #Atomic #

99

Boron Boron

Atomic Atomic

# 5# 5

Neon Neon

Atomic # Atomic #

1010

Berylium Berylium

Atomic #Atomic #

44

Sodium Sodium

Atomic # 11Atomic # 11

Carbon Carbon

Atomic # 6Atomic # 6

Aluminum Aluminum

Atomic # Atomic #

1313

Nitrogen Nitrogen

Atomic # 7Atomic # 7

FluorineFluorine

Atomic #Atomic #

99