The year is 1865, and at last the Civil War is over. The South’s primary labor system, slavery, has been abolished. About 4.5 million African Americans now have their freedom but lack money, property, education, and opportunity. Southern states are beginning the process of readmission to the Union, but the effects of war continue to be felt throughout the South. Rail lines are unusable. Farms, plantations, and factories lie in ruins.

What goals should the government set to reconstruct the South?

How can Northern resources help the South? In what ways can the South rebuild its economy? What can the government do to assist African

Americans?

Andrew Johnson becomes President in April, 1865 when Lincoln is assassinated• Only senator from a Confederate state to remain loyal to

Union• Lincoln chose Johnson as VP to help w/ reunite Nation

after war Lincoln had devised a plan for “Reconstruction” of

the US after the war Some Republicans were angry with Lincoln’s plan

• AKA Radical Republicans• wanted to punish the south & give full rights to African

Americans• Thaddeus Stevens is leader of RR

Johnson takes office with Republicans thinking he would submit to their ideas for Reconstruction

President Andrew Johnson Radical Republican Leader Thaddeus Stevens

Known as 10% Plan• Wanted to be lenient on the South• Included pardon of most Confederates (excluded high

ranking officials) if they would swear loyalty to Union• After 10% of those on the 1860 voting list swore

loyalty, a state could form a new gov’t and gain representation in Congress

• States must ratify 13th Amendment (freed ALL slaves)

• Lincoln also set up the Freedmen’s Bureau to help freed slaves & poor whites

• 4 states return under Lincoln’s plan: Ark, Tenn, Virg, Louis. Radical Republicans didn’t like Lincoln’s plan

• RR argue that it’s too weak; also thought Congress should determine Reconstruction

• They pass the Wade-Davis Bill, saying a majority (not 10% would have to swear loyalty)

• Lincoln vetoed the bill

Known as Presidential Reconstruction• Very similar to Lincoln’s plan• Remaining Southern states would have to withdraw secession,

swear loyalty to union, annul war debts, ratify 13th Amendment• Didn’t want high ranking Confederates & wealthy to be allowed

to swear loyalty (regain rights)• Plan didn’t address needs of former slaves• South will enact Black Codes to keep former slaves from

gaining rights/power Southern states quickly comply & elect congressmen When Congress started in Dec.1865, Radical

Republicans refuse to admit new Southern Reps.• Thought Johnson’s plan wasn’t enough• Congress enlarges Freedmen’s Bureau in 1866• Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1866 – gives citizenship to

blacks

Johnson vetoed both Freedmen’s Bureau Act & Civil Rights Act

Republicans banded together to override Johnson’s veto

Congress also adds 14th Amendment to give Constitutional basis for Civil Rights Act• Amendment guarantees “equal protection under the law”• Johnson advises South to reject amendment• All southern states but Tennessee reject it

In 1867 Congress passes Reconstruction Act of 1867• Didn’t recognize state gov’ts under Lincoln or Johnson’s plan• Southern states divided into 5 military districts• To re-enter union, states had to accept 14th Amend &

allow black males the right to vote Johnson vetoes; Congress overrides the veto

RECONSTRUCTION ACT – MILITARY DISTRICTS

1. What is the message of the following cartoon?

2. What is the goal of the Freedman’s Bureau?

3. How is the portrayed goal different?

A. President Andrew Johnson1. Disagreed w/ Reconstruction

Act of 1867 (military districts)2. Radicals want to impeach

him. Create new law…3. Tenure of Office Act 1867

(Can’t fire a cabinet member)4. He was IMPEACHED (gov’t

official formally charged w/ misconduct)

B. Trial took place in the Senate between Mar-May, 1868

C. Senate needed 2/3 majority to remove

D. Final vote was 35 to 19 (1 short of 2/3 majority needed)

E. No more power

A. New Southern Politics1. 3 groups2. Scalawags –

Southerners who sided w/ Northern Republicans

3. Carpetbaggers – Northerners who came south for profit

4. “Black Republicans” – newly freed African Americans who got involved in politics (usually on the local or state levels)

5. Hiram Revels – 1st African American congressman

A. Much of the land had been damaged or neglected during the war

B. Also, plantation system collapsed once slaves were freed

C. Most farmers (both former slaves & poor whites) resorted to sharecropping or tenant farming

D. Cotton was also no longer profitable; farmers turn to a variety of crops

1. Former slaves have new opportunities after war (politics, education, land ownership, etc.)

2. Migration from plantations to cities3. Family reunification was common, due to many

families being split during slavery4. Many former slaves learned to read and write

a. Even a few colleges begin for blacks (Hampton Institute & Howard University)

5. A.A.’s fought black codes early during Reconstruction & still faced persecution later ona. The Ku Klux Klan began to terrorize blacks

6. Most A.A.’s continued farming as sharecroppers or tenant farmers

Different Views of Reconstruction:

Left: early KKK members circa 1871

Top Right: Graduating law class of Howard University

Bottom Right: sharecropper

A. Ulysses S. Grant won election in 1868 & again in 18721. Credit Mobilier

Construction company skimmed off the top of Union Pacific Railroad

2. Whiskey Ring Grant’s personal secretary and others accused of taking bribes

from whiskey distillers that didn’t want to pay taxes.

The South finally achieved “home rule” – no federal interference in state affairs

The South is struggling financially. As new head of Tourism of your state (of your choosing). You and your partner must create an advertisement telling people why they should visit the south.

Must include:1. 3 references to your

notes2. 3 different types of

people living south3. Condition of slaves4. New industries5. COLOR

3 Causes to the Civil War1. 2. 3.

2 Types of People (Look it up)• Copperheads• Nativists

1 What is the most important event that occurred during Reconstruction.

(What & Why)

Andrew Johnson1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Ulysses S. Grant1. 2. 3.

1. Immediate cause of the Civil War

2. In pool, what color is the 4-ball?

3. Who was John Brown? What did he do?

4. What happened to cotton in the south?

5. Who flew from England to America in a

giant peach carried by seagulls?

6. Who was Thaddeus Stevens?

7. Use one word to define each of the following.

What did they do overall?

8. 13th amendment

9. 14th amendment

10. 15th amendment

11. Name the law/act Andrew Johnson violated that

led to his impeachment.

12. How many states end with the letter N?

13. In what state did the KKK originate?

14. What was the name of the toy terrorizing

kid from the 1995 movie "Toy Story"?

15. What was the compromise of 1877?

What did it signify?

I have streets but no pavement, I have cities but no buildings, I have forests but no trees, I have rivers yet no water.

What am I?

Bull Run Abraham Lincoln

Antietam Vicksburg John Brown

McLellanPopular

Sovereignty14th

AmendmentEmancipation Proclamation

Stephen Douglas

France Wilmot Proviso

Carpetbaggers

10% Plan Federalists

13th Amendment Whiskey Ring Gettysburg

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Hayes Tilden Compromise

RepublicansFreedmen’s

Bureau Total War Copperheads Nativists

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Thaddeus Stevens

Civil Rights Act of 1866

15th Amendment

Tenure of Office Act

ACCORDING TO THIS VIDEO• What is sharecropping?• What happened for the first time while

passing the Civil Rights Act?