WARM UP 2/24Page 245/246 in book – WRITE THE definition given in this

warm up and then look up the answer

Abnormal contraction; different fibers contract at different times2. Contraction in which the tension stays the same, but muscle

shortens3. Contraction that is continual and partial; muscle tone4. Abnormal uncoordinated contraction of muscle groups5. Contraction in which length stays the same, but tension increases6. Quick, jerky contraction

NOTES Ch 8 3/15

Muscular system problems

ATROPHY

- muscle wastes away; shrinks

CAUSE: not being used

EX: bed rest, cast, injury

STRAIN

- Tear in a muscle

CAUSE: excessive use, pulled to hard

(swells due to blood from broken blood vessels)

HELP: place ice to stop swelling – constricts vessels

MUSCLE CRAMPS

• Sudden, involuntary muscle contractions

CAUSE: • Change in K and Na• From abnormal nerve activity,

dehydration, not stretching, exercising too long,

HELP: apply pressure with hands or stand on, heat compress, drink liquids (gatorade)

FASCICULATION (twitch)

• Abnormal nerve activity• Jump under skin

• From : stress, caffeine, decrease in sleep

TENDINITIS

• Inflammation of the tendons (attaching muscles to bones)

CAUSE

- injury, activity, exercising, repetitive movement

SHIN SPLINTS

Tendon under the tibia gets inflammed or torn away from bone

Causes pain when walking; sore

CAUSE: running on hard surfaces, walking long periods of time, jumping

HELP: ice, massage, taping ankle

TORN LIGAMENTS

ACL – in the knee; holding knee together

ROTATOR CUP – in shoulder; holding

HERNIA- organ protrude through a weak muscle

CAUSED: from increase in pressure in the body

a. Inguinal – groin area (common in males) (intestines through)

b. Abdominal (stomach through ab. muscle; intestines through stomach)

c. Hiatal – stomach pushes through diaphragm

Tetanus is the result of an infection that affects the muscles and nerves. It is usually due to a contaminated wound. Tetanus often begins with muscle spasms in the jaw (also called trismus or lockjaw), together with difficulty in swallowing, and stiffness or pain in muscles of the neck, shoulder, or back. Spasms soon spread to muscles of the abdomen, upper arms, and thighs.

TETANUS

TRICHINOSIS- infection in the muscles due to

worms

-diarrhea, weakness, muscle pain

CAUSE – eating undercooked pork – larvae multiply in body and grow in the muscle perimysium

1.5 million people/ year get

CycleCycle

- eat larva- eat larva

- mature in intestinal tract- mature in intestinal tract

- mate and produce eggs- mate and produce eggs

- go into muscle- go into muscle

- 1.5 million people get it a year- 1.5 million people get it a year

BOTULISM- prevents release of ACh- caused by bacteria- Improper canning or storage;

improper cooking

- Double vision, bright, blurred speech, inability to walk/stand, nausea, vomitting

- * big problem is respiratory

Botulism as a weapon Botulinum toxin was first developed as a biological weapon over 60 years ago; it can be aerosolised, or used to contaminate food,8

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHYGenetic disease; muscle cells

deteriorate

Many types!

Most common: DUCHENNE

- birth normal

- 2-6 yr muscle cells die; weak

- 9-11 yr cannot walk anymore

- 13-20 die

CONTORTIONIST

Extreme muscle flexibility (born with)

AGE and MUSCLES

- decrease muscle fibers- Decrease weight- Decrease strength (by 50% by age 80)

- Exercise helps kept muscle fibers strong

ASSIGNMENT:Read about STERIODS - what they are - what they are used for - side effects - what they do to women - what they do to men

ASSIGNMENT:You are a marketing coordinator and have been given the task of

making a brochure that for a high schools that will tell about physical therapy as a career. Read and make this brochure with at least 10 important facts in it. Front must be a cover page.