warm up 1.write the equation for the release of a beta particle by pb-211 2. write the equation for...
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Warm Up
1. Write the equation for the release of a beta particle by Pb-211
2. Write the equation for Po-219 undergoing 1 alpha decay.
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Warm Up
1. Write the equation for the release of a beta particle by Pb-211
Pb e + Bi
2. Write the equation for Po-219 undergoing 1 alpha decay.
Po He + Pb
211 0
-182
211
83
822
4219
84
215
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Electron configuration and periodic trends
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- Electrons occupy orbitals around the nucleus
- Electrons in a particular path have fixed energy
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• The energy level of an electron is the region around the nucleus where the electron is likely to be moving.
• Principle energy levels are assigned values in order of increasing energy
• n = 1, 2, 3, 4
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• Each energy level can be divided into sublevels
Energy Level (n)
# e- Sublevel
n = 1 2 1s
n = 2 8 2s 2p
n = 3 18 3s 3p 3d
n = 4 32 4s 4p 4d 4f
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• The sublevels each hold a set amount of electrons
• s - can hold 2 e-• p - can hold 6 e-• d - can hold 10 e- • f - can hold 14 e-
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Orbital Diagram
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Order in which electrons fill the sub orbitals
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This diagram represents the electron configuration for Carbon
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This diagram represents the electron configuration for Carbon
The red arrows represent the possible locations of electrons shared with carbon when in a covalent bond.
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Lets Find the Orbital Diagram for Mg s - can hold 2 e-p - can hold 6 e-d - can hold 10 e- f - can hold 14 e-
Mg – Magnesium has how many total electrons?
12
Next, we set up our diagram:
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Lets Find the Orbital Diagram for Mg s - can hold 2 e-p - can hold 6 e-d - can hold 10 e- f - can hold 14 e-
Mg – Magnesium has how many total electrons?
12
Next, we set up our diagram:
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Lets Find the Orbital Diagram for Mg
Mg 1s22s22p63s2
s - can hold 2 e-p - can hold 6 e-d - can hold 10 e- f - can hold 14 e-
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Review:
• What is a valence electron?• How many valence electrons are found in
Oxygen?
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Periodic Trends
• Atomic Size• Ionization energy• Electronegativity
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Atomic Size (Radius)
• Increases down a group• Decreases left to right
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Atomic Size (Radius)
• Increases down a group• Decreases left to right
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Atomic Size (Radius)
• Increases down a group• Decreases left to right
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Ionization Energy
• The energy required to overcome the attraction of the nuclear charge and remove an electron from a gaseous atom
– Increases left to right across a period– Decreases down a group
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What do you notice about the elements at the peaks and valleys?
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Electronegativity• The tendency for the atoms of an element to
attract electrons when they are chemically combined with atoms of another element– Increases left to right across a period– Decreases going down a group
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Let’s practice!!!