Warm up 12/4Warm up 12/4

►You play many roles in life. List as You play many roles in life. List as many roles as you can and then place many roles as you can and then place them in order from most important to them in order from most important to least important. least important.

Emotional Emotional Development during Development during

AdolescenceAdolescence

Learning Identity Versus Learning Identity Versus Identity DiffusionIdentity Diffusion

► From about 13 or 14 to about 20 the child, now an adolescent, learns how From about 13 or 14 to about 20 the child, now an adolescent, learns how to answer satisfactorily and happily the question of "Who am I?"  to answer satisfactorily and happily the question of "Who am I?"  But even the best - adjusted of adolescents experiences some role But even the best - adjusted of adolescents experiences some role identity diffusion: most boys and probably most girls experiment with identity diffusion: most boys and probably most girls experiment with minor delinquency; rebellion flourishes; self - doubts flood the youngster, minor delinquency; rebellion flourishes; self - doubts flood the youngster, and so on.and so on.

► During successful early adolescence, mature time perspective is During successful early adolescence, mature time perspective is developed; the young person acquires self-certainty as opposed to self-developed; the young person acquires self-certainty as opposed to self-consciousness and self-doubt.  He comes to experiment with different - consciousness and self-doubt.  He comes to experiment with different - usually constructive - roles rather than adopting a "negative identity" usually constructive - roles rather than adopting a "negative identity" (such as delinquency).  He actually anticipates achievement, and (such as delinquency).  He actually anticipates achievement, and achievesachieves, rather than being "paralyzed" by feelings of inferiority or by an , rather than being "paralyzed" by feelings of inferiority or by an inadequate time perspective.  inadequate time perspective. 

► In later adolescence, clear sexual identity - manhood or womanhood - is In later adolescence, clear sexual identity - manhood or womanhood - is established.  The adolescent seeks leadership (someone to inspire him), established.  The adolescent seeks leadership (someone to inspire him), and gradually develops a set of ideals (socially congruent and desirable, and gradually develops a set of ideals (socially congruent and desirable, in the case of the successful adolescent).  Erikson believes that, in our in the case of the successful adolescent).  Erikson believes that, in our culture, adolescence affords a "psychosocial moratorium," particularly for culture, adolescence affords a "psychosocial moratorium," particularly for middle - and upper-class American children.  They do not yet have to middle - and upper-class American children.  They do not yet have to "play for keeps," but can experiment, trying various roles, and thus "play for keeps," but can experiment, trying various roles, and thus hopefully find the one most suitable for them.hopefully find the one most suitable for them.

► Another factor that plays a significant role in the ways adolescents Another factor that plays a significant role in the ways adolescents regulate emotional displays is their heightened sensitivity to regulate emotional displays is their heightened sensitivity to others' evaluations of them, a sensitivity which cans result in others' evaluations of them, a sensitivity which cans result in acute self-awareness and self-consciousness as they try to blend acute self-awareness and self-consciousness as they try to blend into the dominant social structure. David Elkind has described into the dominant social structure. David Elkind has described adolescents as operating as if they were in front of an imaginary adolescents as operating as if they were in front of an imaginary audience in which every action and detail is noted and evaluated audience in which every action and detail is noted and evaluated by others. As such, adolescents become very aware of the impact by others. As such, adolescents become very aware of the impact of emotional expressivity on their social interactions and of emotional expressivity on their social interactions and fundamentally, on obtaining peer approval. Because guidelines fundamentally, on obtaining peer approval. Because guidelines concerning the appropriateness of emotional displays is highly concerning the appropriateness of emotional displays is highly culture-specific, adolescents have the difficult task of learning culture-specific, adolescents have the difficult task of learning when and how to express or regulate certain emotions.when and how to express or regulate certain emotions.

► As expected, gender plays a significant role in the types of As expected, gender plays a significant role in the types of emotions displayed by adolescents. Boys are less likely than girls emotions displayed by adolescents. Boys are less likely than girls to disclose their fearful emotions during times of distress. This to disclose their fearful emotions during times of distress. This reluctance was similarly supported by boys' belief that they would reluctance was similarly supported by boys' belief that they would receive less understanding and, in fact, probably be belittled, for receive less understanding and, in fact, probably be belittled, for expressing both aggressive and vulnerable emotions.expressing both aggressive and vulnerable emotions.

Self esteemSelf esteem

Overall self worth

Scholastic performance

Socialacceptance

Behaviouralconduct

Athleticcompetence

Physicalappearance

Evaluate your ownEvaluate your own

►Rate yourself on a scale of one to ten Rate yourself on a scale of one to ten in all five categories:in all five categories: Scholastic performanceScholastic performance Social acceptanceSocial acceptance Behavioural conductBehavioural conduct Athletic competenceAthletic competence Physical appearancePhysical appearance

Rate the categoriesRate the categories

►Now place the five categories in order Now place the five categories in order of importance. of importance.

►Which category is the one that you use Which category is the one that you use to judge yourself the most? Which is to judge yourself the most? Which is least important to you? least important to you?

What makes you feel the way What makes you feel the way you do? you do?

►Articles – read the articles provided Articles – read the articles provided and list all the things that influence and list all the things that influence self esteem and identity. self esteem and identity.

►How do you think parents contribute to How do you think parents contribute to self esteem and identity? self esteem and identity?

James MarciaJames Marcia

►Four stagesFour stages Identity DiffusionIdentity Diffusion Identity ForeclosureIdentity Foreclosure Identity MoratoriumIdentity Moratorium Identity AchievedIdentity Achieved

Identity DevelopmentIdentity Development

►Cultural and ethnic identityCultural and ethnic identity►Vocational (career) identityVocational (career) identity►Gender and sexual identityGender and sexual identity

ProblemsProblems

►DepressionDepression►SuicideSuicide►DelinquencyDelinquency►Drug AbuseDrug Abuse

Homework

►Read TWO articles about Generation Y and their self esteem. Take notes and be prepared for discussion

on Monday.