Warm-upWarm-up

1.1. What is the What is the termterm used to refer to the used to refer to the ‘great split in the church’?‘great split in the church’?

2.2. Why did the churches split?Why did the churches split?3.3. What was Justinian’s code?What was Justinian’s code?4.4. Define Excommunication.Define Excommunication.5.5. What is the name of the church that What is the name of the church that

Justinian constructed and supported the Justinian constructed and supported the building of?building of?

Warm-up pt. 2Warm-up pt. 2

List two ways the Byzantine Empire List two ways the Byzantine Empire impacted Kiev Russiaimpacted Kiev Russia

Who were the Mongols?Who were the Mongols?

(Testing your knowledge) Who was the (Testing your knowledge) Who was the vicious Mongol leadervicious Mongol leader

Russian Architecture Onion Russian Architecture Onion DomesDomes

is a type of architectural is a type of architectural dome that that frequently adorns frequently adorns Russian Orthodox Churches. .

                              

St. Basil’s Cathedral Moscow, Russia

Mongol Influences in the WestMongol Influences in the West

Nomadic people from central AsiaNomadic people from central Asia– great horseman great horseman – Lead by Lead by Genghis Khan- one of the most feared Genghis Khan- one of the most feared

warriors of all timewarriors of all time– He launched a campaign of terror across central AsiaHe launched a campaign of terror across central Asia

The Mongols destroyed one city after The Mongols destroyed one city after anotheranotherBy 1225, Central Asia was under Mongol By 1225, Central Asia was under Mongol controlcontrol

Genghis KhanGenghis KhanThree things that made him such a great Three things that made him such a great conqueror:conqueror:

1.1. He was a brilliant organizerHe was a brilliant organizer. He assembled . He assembled his Mongol warriors into a mighty force, his Mongol warriors into a mighty force, following the model of the Chinese military.following the model of the Chinese military.

2.2. He was a gifted strategist. He was a gifted strategist. He used various He used various tricks to confuse his enemy.tricks to confuse his enemy.

3.3. Used cruelty as a weapon. Used cruelty as a weapon. He believed in He believed in terrifying his enemies into surrender.terrifying his enemies into surrender.

• Genghis Khan dies in 1227 from illness. His Genghis Khan dies in 1227 from illness. His successors continue to expand his empiresuccessors continue to expand his empire

Pax MongolicaPax Mongolica

From the mid 1200’s-1300’sFrom the mid 1200’s-1300’s, the Mongols , the Mongols imposed stability and law and order across imposed stability and law and order across much of Eurasia.much of Eurasia.

This period is referred to as Mongol PeaceThis period is referred to as Mongol Peace

The Mongols guaranteed safe passage forThe Mongols guaranteed safe passage for trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries from one end of the empire to the other.from one end of the empire to the other.

What was the route called that most people What was the route called that most people travelled? travelled?

Mongol Influences In ChinaMongol Influences In China

Mongol ruler, Kublai Khan, unites ChinaMongol ruler, Kublai Khan, unites ChinaBut he is warned, “I have heard that one can But he is warned, “I have heard that one can conquer the empire on horseback, but one cannot conquer the empire on horseback, but one cannot govern it on horseback”govern it on horseback”The Mongol rulers had little in common with their The Mongol rulers had little in common with their Chinese subjects.Chinese subjects.Because of their differences, the Mongols kept Because of their differences, the Mongols kept their separate identity. They lived apart from the their separate identity. They lived apart from the Chinese and obeyed different laws. Chinese and obeyed different laws. They kept the Chinese out of high government They kept the Chinese out of high government officesoffices

Trade under Mongol RuleTrade under Mongol RuleForeign trade along the SILK ROAD Foreign trade along the SILK ROAD increased under Kublai Khanincreased under Kublai Khan

Trade between Europe and Asia had never Trade between Europe and Asia had never been more active. Ideas and inventions been more active. Ideas and inventions traveled along with the trade goods. traveled along with the trade goods. Many Many Chinese innovations, such as gunpowder, Chinese innovations, such as gunpowder, reached Europe during this period. reached Europe during this period.

He also encouraged trade by inviting foreign He also encouraged trade by inviting foreign merchants to visit China.merchants to visit China.

Influences in RussiaInfluences in RussiaLooted and burned KievLooted and burned KievMongol rule cut off Russian contacts Mongol rule cut off Russian contacts with Western Europe which were making with Western Europe which were making advances in art and scienceadvances in art and scienceTatars – Mongols who conquered Tatars – Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13Russian cities during the 13thth c.; left c.; left Russian church and aristocracy intactRussian church and aristocracy intactWhile ferocious in war, the Mongols were While ferocious in war, the Mongols were quite tolerant in peace. They rarely imposed quite tolerant in peace. They rarely imposed their beliefs on those they conqueredtheir beliefs on those they conquered

Many of the areas invaded by the Mongols Many of the areas invaded by the Mongols never recovered. never recovered.

The populations in some cities were wiped The populations in some cities were wiped out.out.

In addition they destroyed ancient In addition they destroyed ancient irrigation systems in areas such as the irrigation systems in areas such as the Tigris and Euphrates valleys.Tigris and Euphrates valleys.

Moscow Takes LeadMoscow Takes Lead

With their location near With their location near trading rivers, Moscow trading rivers, Moscow steadily increased their steadily increased their powerpower

Head of Russian Head of Russian Orthodox church made Orthodox church made Moscow capital, Moscow capital, became political and became political and spiritual centerspiritual center

Ivan the Great ---- Ivan IIIIvan the Great ---- Ivan III• Recovered Russian Recovered Russian

territories that were territories that were lost to invaderslost to invadersRussia becomes an Russia becomes an empire under Ivan IIIempire under Ivan IIITried to limit the Tried to limit the power ofpower of boyars boyars (landowning nobles)(landowning nobles)Took on the title of Took on the title of Czar (Russian for Czar (Russian for Caesar)Caesar)Russia= “Third Rome”Russia= “Third Rome”

RecapRecap

What is the purpose What is the purpose of the onion domes?of the onion domes?

How did the Mongols How did the Mongols influence Russia?influence Russia?

How were the How were the Russian’s Influenced Russian’s Influenced by the Byzantines?by the Byzantines?

What lead Moscow to What lead Moscow to grow as a city?grow as a city?

Who was the leader Who was the leader of the Mongols?of the Mongols?