war of 1812 inquiry
DESCRIPTION
A look at 4 of the battles from the War of 1812TRANSCRIPT
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War of 1812- Inquiry
BY: Yash Gajaria
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How and why were the following battles important in the War of 1812?
•Battle of Thames•Battle of Crysler's Farm•Battle of Chateauguay•Battle of New Orleans
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Battle of ThamesBackground info about the Battle of Thames• Took place on October 5th 1813
• Location: Near current Chatham-Kent Ontario = Upper Canada
Alliance: Great Britain United States
Lead by • Henry Procter• Tecumseh
• William Henry Harrison
Strength 1300 • 800 regulars• 500 Natives
3760• 2380 militia• 1000 volunteered
troops• 120 regulars• 260 Natives
Also Known as: Battle of Moravian
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Why was the Battle of Thames important in the War of 1812?
Shawnee Leader, Tecumseh was
Killed
Tecumseh was a great communicator between the Native and British, without him, there would be less communication
between the British and Native
USA victory meant
Gain control of Detroit, and in the late 1812
and early 1813 United States would battle hard for land in this
area
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How, when and why was Tecumseh killed?
1.Harrison (American leader) gave command to make a frontal attack on the British
2.British regulars tried using the British cannons, but the cannon couldn’t fire
3.Americans got through the exhausted British and the British gave one last shot but failed
4.Tecumseh and his followers still fought back hard5.Americans and co leader, Johnson charged into the
Native people to attract attention, and distract all the British troops still fighting
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6. Tecumseh and his crew kept firing musket shots form the back, which resulted in 15 Americans being killed and the main part of the Americans got caught in the swamp and mud
7. Americans still attacked and Tecumseh was killed, the news spread to everyone very fast
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AMERICANS
NATIVE BRITISHSWAMP
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Americans gained control of British
ground during the Battle
Tecumseh and some of his men fought hard to gain
back this land- Tecumseh was
killed in the process
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Results of Tecumseh being killed• Start to become difficult for the Native to
communicate with the British• Native didn’t have someone to represent them
selves in Paris when the Treaty of Ghent was signed
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Battle of ChateauguayBackground info about the Battle of
Chateauguay• Battle took place on the 26th of October 1813• Location: Allan’s Corner- current Ormstown,
Quebec
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Alliance: Great Britain United States
Lead by: Charles de Salaberry
Wade Hampton
Strength:
136050 fencibles400 volunteers900 militia180 Mohawks
40002600 regulars1400 militia
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Why and how was this battle important in the British’s victory in the War of 1812?
Americans WANTED to invade lower Canada, and their goal was to ultimately get Quebec and Montreal, the heart of French culture in British
North America.
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AMERICAN’S PLAN
• Late 1813 the Americans’ plan was to capture Montreal and then get control of all of Upper Canada
• Had 2 divisions1. St. Lawrence River from Sacketts Harbour
Lake Ontario 2. Plattsburgh North from Lake Champlain
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THE BATTLE1. American commander sent 1000 of his men
under command of Colonel Robert Purdy to go and cross the southern bank of Chateauguay
2. Canadiens had to call up several militia units for defence
3. American general ordered that 10 000 quarters were build on the St. Lawrence for his men during the brutal winter.
4. Hampton (leader of division 2) would have easily retreated immediately, but couldn’t ditch Purdy
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Purdy and 10 000 of his men spent the night of
October 25th 1813 walking through a swamp in the
rain.
The morning of October 26th 1813 had the
Americans at the river opposite to de Salaberry’s
forward defence
In the afternoon, Captain Daly- leader of 3rd
select Embodies militia ordered to attack Americans
immediately. Canadiens got
severely wounded, but
Americans went back.
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Co-leader of the second division of Americans, George Izard and his 1000
men marched the ravines facing de Salaberry’s defence and got into line.
Legend says when an American went and asked for surrender when the flag of truce (used to
stop fighting) was up, he was shot by Salaberry himself
Americans lined up and fired volleys, but it was no good, the Canadiens were
VERY accurate and almost every shot was at the heads/chests’ of the
Americans
Americans went back
4.8 km
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Purdy went back, thinking Izard would still be in action, BUT he wasn’t so Purdy was
forced to retreat
Hampton gave orders to retreat, and this led to the Battle at Chrysler's Farm
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Battle of Crysler’s FarmBackground info about the Battle of Crysler’s
Farm• Battle took place on November 11th 1813 • Location: Near Cornwall, Ontario
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Alliance Great Britain Americans
Leader • William Mulcaster• Joseph Wanton
Morrison
• James Wilkinson• John Parker
Boyd
Strength 900Militia + Regulars
8000 regulars 2500-4000 engaged in the battle
Killed 31 102
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Americans were sticking to their plan, the same plan from the Battle of
Chateauguay
The Americans wanted to attack Lower Canada, and ultimately get to Montreal/
Quebec
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What happened in the Battle of Crysler’s Farm?
1. Late November 10th 1813 Wilkinson was in Cooks Town where he set up his head quarters
2. British sent men in and around Kingston and the 1000 islands
3. Early November 11th it was very cold and raining4. Fire began in two places
1. On the River where Mulcaster’s gunboats were shooting American boats
2. A Mohawk fired at the American party which was near the encampment
Americans got wounded and ill, and eventually ran out of ammunition. This forced them to
continue back and retreat
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After the Americans’ two losses in trying to attack Lower Canada, the
Americans ditched this strategy and had to retreat back to the United
States.
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Battle of New Orleans
Battle took place on January 8th 1815Location of the battle was 8 km south of New Orleans at Chalmette
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Alliance Great Britain
Americans
Leaders/ Commanders
• Edward Pakenham • Alexander
Cochrane• John Keane • John Lambert• William Thornton• Thomas Mullins
• Andrew Jackson• William Carroll• John Coffee• Jean Lafitte• Walter H. Overton• Daniel Patterson
Strength 1100 4732
Killed 55 380
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Why was this battle an “odd” battle in the War of 1812?
• The Treaty of Ghent was signed on December 24th 1814, the Battle of New Orleans took place after the Treaty was signed.
• It was almost late February when people in Louisiana found out about the treaty being signed
• Even though the Treaty was signed in December, this battle still took place in January 1815, with a American victory- which was pointless.
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What led to the Battle
• In the Battle of Lake Borgne on December 12th 1814, the British attacked near the Lake and the fought back and forward near Lake Borgne
• Night attack on December 23rd and on the morning of December 24th 1800 British soldiers were on the east bank of the Mississippi river.
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Battle of New Orleans
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Battle of Chateauguay
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Battle of Thames
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Memorial for the Battle of Crysler’s Farm
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Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Crysler's_Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chateauguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Thameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleanshttps://www.google.ca/maps/@43.5773265,-79.4943477,11zhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_New_Orleans._January_1815._Copy_of_engraving_by_H._B._Hall_after_W._Momberger.,_ca._1900_-_1982_-_NARA_-_531091.tifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Memorial,_Battle_of_Crysler%27s_Farm.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_the_Thames.PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Chateauguay.jpg
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