walt disney the man who shaped generations. “the way to get started is to quit talking and start...
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Walt DisneyThe Man Who Shaped Generations
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“The way to get
started is to quit talking
and start
doing.”Walter Elias
Disney
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The Early years
• Walter Elias Disney was born on December 5, 1901 in the Hermosa section of Chicago, Illinois
• Walt was one of five children, four boys and one girl
• Parents, Flora and Elias, were both immigrants
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The early years
• The family moved to Marceline, Missouri where Walt would spend most of his childhood
• Here he began drawing and painting
• He would sell his pictures to neighbors and family
• The town would eventually be the basis for Main Street, U.S.A. in Disneyland
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The Early years
• In 1911, the family moved to Kansas City, Missouri
• The home was close to the Sante Fe railroad track where his Uncle Mike Martin worked the line from Marceline to Fort Madison, Iowa
• Walt would later work on the railroad selling newspapers and other products, thus beginning his love of the rails
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The early years
• Walt would later attend school in Chicago, studying art at the Chicago Art Institute at night while attending high school during the day
• At age 16, he dropped out of school to join the Red Cross during World War I after being rejected for the army
• While in the Red Cross, Walt served in France driving ambulances
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“That’s the real trouble with the
world, too many people
grow up.”Walter Elias
Disney and his Grandson
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Early work
• After the war, Walt returned to Kansas City to become a newspaper artist. He would get fired from the job due to a lack of creativity.
• He would take a job at the Kansas City Film Ad Company creating commercials
• He began experimenting with cameras and animation
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Early work
• Walt would meet Ubbe Iwerks while working at the Film Ad Compandy
• Eventually, Walt would start his own animation studio with Ub
• He would strike a deal with a local theatre to show his early cartoons
• Laugh-O-Grams cartoons were born.
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Early work
• The cartoons became an instant hit
• Allowed Walt to buy his first studio and hire new staff
• Began producing the Alice in Cartoonland shorts
• The studio would close in 1923 due to excessive debt
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“Just do your best
work – then try to trump
it.” Walt and Ubbe Iwerks
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Alice and oswald• Walt would move to California
to join his brother, Roy, in 1923, hoping to become a director
• Walt would reach a distribution deal for his Alice comedies – opening the door to create a new Disney Brothers Studio in Hollywood
• The deal was struck with Winkler Pictures, run by Margaret Winkler and Charles Mintz (Up!)
• Iwerks would join the brothers in California with the success of the Alice cartoons in June 1924
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Alice and Oswald
• The Alice Comedies were a combination of live action and animation
• The little girl, Alice, would be played by four different actresses between 1923 and 1927
• The success would allow Walt to step away as an animator and focus on direction; Ub would take over as animator
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Alice and Oswald
• In 1927, The duo would create their first character, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit
• The cartoons would be distributed by Universal Pictures
• Oswald was a rabbit due to the proliferation of animated cats at the time (Felix the Cat, etc)
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Alice and Oswald
• Oswald was produced by Charles Mintz
• In 1928, Disney wanted to renegotiate the contract for Oswald with Mintz and would travel to New York
• Mintz argued that Disney should only receive a 20% interest due to the increasing costs of production
• Disney quit and lost both Oswald and the talents of Ubbe Iwerks
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Alice and Oswald
• Oswald would continue to be a success without Disney
• Oswald would continue to be drawn by many of the original animators of the Disney Brothers Studio
• Walter Lantz, who would later create Woody Woodpecker, would take over control in 1929 and give Oswald a new look
• Oswald’s rights would return to Disney in 2006 in a trade for sportscaster Al Michaels
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“I only hope we
don’t lose sight of
one thing – that it was all
started by
a mouse.”
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Mickey mouse
• Walt was upset after the underhanded deal offered by Mintz
• On the train ride back from New York, Disney began exploring the ideas for a new cartoon character
• On the train, the basic ideas for Mortimer Mouse were created based on a mouse that used to hang around the Laugh-O-Gram studios
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Mickey mouse
• Walt presented the idea to Ub who was still working on the Oswald cartoons
• Ub and Walt worked on the character in secrecy until Ub was out of his contract
• Mortimer’s name was changed by now to Mickey at the insistence of Walt’s wife, Lillian
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Mickey mouse
• Walt began a new Disney Studio with Ub and an apprentice by the name of Les Clark
• Most of Walt’s original staff stayed with the Oswald cartoon
• From this day forward, Walt would only work on characters that he owned the rights to
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Mickey mouse
• Mickey’s body was designed around circles which made him easier to animate
• This design would be changed later by Fred Moore, who made the body pear shaped
• Mickey only has three fingers and a thumb, a design which made drawing the character easier and cheaper
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Mickey mouse
• A form of Minnie Mouse appears in even the first cartoons
• The test cartoon, Plane Crazy was the first Mickey cartoon but did not fair well in its test screening
• The Gallopin’ Gaucho was the second Mickey short
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Steamboat Willie
• Steamboat Willie was the first Mickey Mouse cartoon to find a distributor
• It first premiered on November 18, 1928 in New York
• The film was a parody of a Buster Keaton film
• The film was the first to utilize a synchronized soundtrack
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Mickey mouse
• Walt was a fan of the new sound films and insisted that sound be used in the Mickey cartoons
• Mickey’s first words would be heard in the film, The Karnival Kid in 1929
• Walt served as the voice for both Mickey and Minnie until 1946
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"I am in no sense of the word a great
artist, not even a great
animator; I have always
had men working for me
whose skills were greater
than my own. I am an idea
man.”
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Silly Symphonies• A series of animated shorts
made between 1929 and 1939
• The shorts were based of musical scores and did not have a common character theme to them
• While not initially as popular as the Mickey cartoons, the Silly Symphonies grew in popularity and introduced some significant advancements in the Disney story
• 75 total shorts were made
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Silly Symphonies• Disney became fascinated by
a new three-strip, full-color film process called Technicolor
• Disney would sign an exclusive contract to use the new technology through 1935
• The studio was over half done with a work entitled, Flowers and Trees which it would scrap and redo using the color process
• Flowers and Trees would be the first Technicolor film released
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Silly Symphonies• The Technicolor symphonies
would pass Mickey Mouse in popularity
• Disney would extend the contract with Technicolor but exclusivity rights would eventually be lost, making way for The Wizard of Oz
• In 1933, The Three Little Pigs was released, becoming a box office success
• The song from this short would become the anthem of the Great Depression
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Silly Symphonies
• Disney would use the Silly Symphonies to explore new ideas and introduce new characters
• Donald Duck would make his debut in 1934, appearing in The Wise Little Hen
• Pluto would make his first starring role in a Silly Symphony
• Initial movie ideas would also be explored in the series
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Silly Symphonies• The success of the Silly
Symphonies would allow Disney to expand his studios
• The popularity would breed competition from other studios, spanning the Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes cartoon series
• Despite the popularity of the shorts, Disney would stop making them to tackle a new challenge, a full length animated film
• The series would win seven Academy Awards
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“The more you like yourself, the less you are
like anyone else, which makes you unique.”
Disney’s “Nine Old Men”
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Moving Forward
• Ub Iwerks left the company in 1929 after growing tension over Ub’s freedom at the Disney’s Studios
• Ub was recruited away by Pat Powers, a businessman who featured sound technology to the movie industry
• Ub would start a his own studio which employed many famous animators
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Nine old men
• Disney had begun hiring a new staff of animators prior to Iwerks leaving the company
• Most of the Mickey Mouse shorts and Silly Symphonies were being completed by the new staff
• A core group of the animators would remain with Disney the rest of their careers
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Getting to know the Nine old men
• You will be charged with doing some research to find out a little more about the Nine Old Men through their work
• You will be creating a Facebook page for one of their creations
• You are to find a character from Mickey Mouse through the film Jungle Book, released in 1967
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"Lips red as the
rose. Hair black as ebony. Skin
white as snow.”
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
• The movie would become Disney’s most ambitious project
• The idea for the film came to Walt when he was 15
• The Hollywood movie industry mockingly referred to Snow White as "Disney's Folly" while it was in production.
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
• It took almost two years to come up with the final renderings of the Seven Dwarfs
• Rejected names for the dwarf’s included: Jaunty, Blabby, Dirty, Gabby, Biggy-Wiggy, Gaspy, Gloomy, Awful, Deefy, Hoppy-Jumpy, Hotsy, Nifty, and Shifty.
• Six of the dwarfs have eyebrows modeled after Walt Disney’s. Happy was the exception, his eyebrows were white and bushy.
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
• Legendary voice actor Mel Blanc, best known as the voice of Bugs Bunny, was originally cast to be the voice of Dopey, but he was made mute instead
• The voices of Sleepy and Grumpy is that of Pinto Colvig, the voice of Goofy
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
• The film included 15 voice actors, 32 animators, 102 assistant animators, 167 “in-betweeners”, 20 layout artists, 25 artists doing watercolor backgrounds, 65 effects animators, and 158 female inkers and painters.
• The film took over three years to complete with over 250,000 drawings (2 million sketches were drawn)
• It features over 1500 different shades of paint
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
• Songwriters Frank Churchill and Larry Morey composed 25 songs for the movie, though only seven were used.
• Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs would be the first film to ever release a motion-picture soundtrack
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
• The Prince was intended to be a prominent character, but the difficulty found in animating him forced Walt to reduce his part significantly.
• 19-year-old Adriana Caselotti voiced Snow White. Walt wanted to keep Snow White’s voice special, so he held Adriana to a very strict contract and she was never allowed to perform on stage or film again
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
• The film was originally budgeted at $250,000, It cost over $1.5 million to make – Walt was forced to mortgage his house
• The film was first released on December 21, 1937 in Los Angeles, California at the Carthay CircleTheatre
• Many thought the film would bomb
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
• Snow White was the highest grossing film ever for exactly one year
• It is still in the top 10 money-making films of all time
• The profits from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs allowed Walt to build Disney Studios in Burbank.
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
• A short film sequel, titled Snow White Returns was planned. It never left the preproduction stage.
• The film would influence numerous other films
• The film was nominated for Best Picture for 1938
• The film received a special academy award for technical achievement.
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"Tomorrow will be
better as long as America
keeps alive the ideals of freedom
and a better life.”
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Disney and the War Effort
• While Disney was doing well domestically, films were failing due to no international market
• Dumbo was released October 23, 1941 just short of the American entrance into World War II
• Bambi was in production at the start of the war
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Disney and the War Effort
• During the war, Disney Studios would begin producing films for the war effort.
• All Disney characters would become part of the propaganda campaign
• Disney would produce over 68 hours worth of educational film for the effort
• 90% of Disney’s staff would be involved in making war films
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Disney and the War Effort
• Disney would create a variety of films for different branches of the military
• Many of the films were intended for servicemen to educate them while entertaining
• Disney also became a popular source of insignias for different service organizations
• Over 1200 were produced• Donald Duck was the most
popular character amongst servicemen
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Disney and the War Effort
• Disney also produced films for the Treasury Department to sell war bonds
• Films were made for Canada also
• One film, The Spirit of ’43, was credited by 37% of Americans as to the reason why they paid their income taxes the next year
• Disney also produced a book for children to get them to save and help the war effort
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Disney and the War Effort
• Victory Through Air Power was released in 1943
• It was a full length feature film that focused on Major Alexander de Seversky’s theory of long range strategic bombing
• The film helped convince FDR or the plan