walk/live st. louis: elected officials & staff event

THE POWER OF COLLECTIVE IMPACT

Walk/Live St. Louis 2012

New Collaborations

Transformative Projects

DesiredOutcomes

Identify Opportunities

CONNECTING THE DOTS...

Need for a more walkable St. Louis

REALTORS –> New Partners for Smart Growth

EPA Grant – West End

Livability and the role of Transportation

Now that we are here … What can we do?

Is this the landscape we want to leave our children?

Cottonwood, CAMain Street

Not Walkable Walkable

High Car Dependency Low Car Dependency

Serious Congestion Moderate Congestion

“There is No There There”…Gertrude Stein

Fifty percent of all American cities are now under concrete and asphalt. (In Los Angeles it is now 66 percent.)

Houston, Texas

Courtesy of Ian Lockwood

Cycle of Automobile Dependency

For much of the last century transportation and land use planning practices supported a self-reinforcing cycle of increased automobile dependency and sprawl.

Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) around the U.S. have increased by 70 percent over the last 20 years, compared with a two percent increase in new highway construction. The U.S. General Accounting Office predicts that road congestion in the U.S. will triple in 15 years even if capacity is increased by 20 percent.

Traffic is growing about five times faster than the growth in Traffic is growing about five times faster than the growth in population. population.

(Data compiled for a report to the U.S. Department of Transportation in 2006 written by Stephen Polzin, (transportation researcher at the University of South Florida in Tampa.)

Why we cannot build our way out of traffic

Wid

en

20-Year Forecast

Capacity

Years

Land Use & Transportation – Ideal Traffic Planning

Actual

Induced Traffic

Forecast

Capacity

Years

Wid

en

Land Use & Transportation – The Reality

Con

vent

iona

l App

roac

h

Syst

em

Man

agem

ent

More Pavement

Mor

e La

nes

Mor

e R

oads

ITS

Mor

e C

ars

MoreCar-CarryingCapacity

Lateral Approach

Increa

se Q

uality

of Trav

el

User View and ComfortContext-Sensitive DesignTraffic CalmingPersonal Security

Intensify land use densitiesPromote Mixed Use DevelopmentTransit Supportive DevelopmentDemand Management – Pricing, e-commerce, telecommuting, etc…

Lane LimitsChange Standards

Shift PolicyMove Less People, Fewer Miles

TransitBicyclingWalkingHOV/HOT Lanes

Mov

e Pe

ople,

Not

Car

s

A B a la n c e d T r a n s p o r t a t io n A p p r o a c h

Widen Road

Reduce Delay

Reduce Cost

Move Home

Range Farther

Drive More

Own More Cars

FIRST ORDER

SECOND ORDER

THIRD ORDER

Chain of Impacts

HigherCarbon

Footprint

Increased Energy Demand

LoseBusiness &

JobsCommunit

y Disinvestm

ent

Big Box

InactivityEpidemic

More VMT

IncreasedHousehold

Transportation Costs

Marine Drive, Dundarave, B.C.

Highway 93, Missoula, Montana

USA

Canada

Back-In Parking, with Road Diet on East Side

Colorized Bike Lanes

Combination Super Sharrow (Green Sharrow Lane), with Road Diet on East Side

Combination Super Sharrow (Green Sharrow Lane), with Road Diet on East Side

(Low domed or cobbled crossing median) is added

Pedestrian Crossing

Driveway Access, with Road Diet on East Side

You Know When You Have Left Claremont

Claremont, California

Bridgeport Way, University Place, WashingtonBridgeport Way, University Place, Washington

Bridgeport (1999)

With almost double the cost per capita of the average Western nations, the U.S. receives less in the way of health care and health outcomes.

This makes us vulnerable in global competition

Source: The Kaiser Family Foundation, April 2011

The Average U.S. Family now pays $16,000 per year in health care costs, and this figure is rising.

Action Question #1If driving more than 20 miles per day is not sustainable, how do we get back to 1985 levels.

Driving more miles each year (like obesity) is a visible symptom, an indicator of a disease that is running amuck in each of our towns and villages.

1990 2050

Aging Population

Depressive Disorders

19 million American adults

• Leading cause of disability in the USA

• Treatment:

• Medication

• Social Contact, including therapy

• And…..

“There is No There There”…Gertrude Stein

Fifty percent of all American cities are now under concrete and asphalt. (In Los Angeles it is now 66 percent.)

Houston, Texas

New York City

Tampa

Housing Costs


37.1% 15.1% 52.2%

31.1% 25.1% 56.4%

Total

Cost Comparisons Suburban vs. Urban

What got us into this mess?Many things -- No one is innocent

Bankers bundled and traded 500 shopping centers at a time, designed, not for “place” but to fit their definition of profitability.

Bankers bundled 5,000 homes at a time, all at set price points requiring 3 bedrooms and 2 baths. This was at a time when the average American family shrunk to 2.1.

As consumers we drove up house sizes to 2200 square feet

The highway guys built the roads to nowhere.

New York City

Tampa

Housing Costs


37.1% 15.1% 52.2%

31.1% 25.1% 56.4%

Total

Cost Comparisons Suburban vs. Urban

c. 1935 1980’s

Tyson's Corner, VA

Retail

Retail

Office

Residential

Residential

Retail

Office

Residential

Washington, DCPublic Space

Trees

Sidewalks

Civic Statue

Historic Architecture

Fargo, North Dakota

These are Cottages?

Such places do not sprout by happenstance. Driven by irresistible

economic forces and shaped by subtly shifting social patterns, they

are being created, down to the tiniest detail, by a handful of major

developers with a master plan for the new America. …. NY Times, August 15,

2005

Ten Steps To WalkabilityC o m p a c t , l iv e ly t o w n c e n t e r

L o w s p e e d s t r e e t s , d is t r ib u t e d v o lu m e s

N e ig h b o rh o o d s c h o o ls a n d p a r k s , w it h in o n e q u a r t e r m i le o r o n e e ig h t h m i le

P u b l ic p la c e s w it h in v i t in g f e a t u r e s : b e n c h e s , r e s t r o o m s , s h a d e , w a t e r a n d a r tC o n v e n ie n t , s a f e a n d e f f ic ie n t c r o s s in g s

A f f o r d a b le , in s p ir in g , w e l l m a in t a in e d s t r e e t s a n d h o m e s .

L a n d u s e a n d t r a n s p o r t a t io n p a r t n e r s h ips

C e le b r a t e d p u b l ic s p a c e a n d p u b l ic l i f e , p a r a d e s , m a r k e t s , f e s t iv a ls , a w a r d s

M a n y p e o p le o f a l l a g e s a n d a b i l i t ie s w a lk in g m a n y h o u r s

F in e g r a in e d s t r e e t s , m a n y t r a i l s , t r a n s i t l in k s

Future Growth Area - Salinas

General Plan

Circulation

Open Space

Town Centers

Neighborhood Centers, Schools

Based on the 1928 drawings by James Perry

The intensity of uses should gravitate away from the neighborhood center

Townhouses frame the square while open space provides an outdoor environment for nearby residents

The largest lots of the TND can be at the edge

In these cases where a TND is bordered by a principal street higher intensity uses such as medium density housing can be used in creating the edge

Civic buildingsShould be terminate street or open space vistas

If Cities are to reduce auto-dependence a working alternative should include:

Developers no longer block access to those places people want to reach.

Meriam Park, Chico, California

Size neighborhoods for a 5-minute walk

Make blocks a walkable size:• Block perimeters of 1,500’ to 2,000’

• Create a connected network of streets

Design for a mix of land uses:

Centers include denser housing, a square, civic uses, and neighborhood- oriented retail.

Civic Civic BuildingsBuildings

Neighborhood Neighborhood CentersCenters

Parks Parks and Open and Open SpacesSpaces

Internal Trips 100%

External Trips 95%

Internal Trips 60-90%

Arrowood – Existing Conditions

Arrowood Bicycle Vision

ARROWOOD URBAN DESIGN

VISION

Land Use Pattern Affects Travel Higher Density can reduce Vehicle Trips

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0Density in Units/Acre

Trips

/ Ho

useh

old (A

DT)

Source: John Holtzclaw, PhD, Sierra Club

Vehicle Trips

Walking Trips

Significant reduction in VMT as we go from 3-4 units/acre to over 20 units/acre

6-7 du/a

7-10 du/a

11-18 du/a

2-3 du/a20 du/a

Connectivity Requirements - Examples

Link-node ratio of 1.44

Virginia DOT

Connectivity Requirements

Compact Area Type for Network Additions

• Link-Node Ratio of 1.6 or greater

• One external connection as well as an additional external connection and stub-out per 50 links or fraction thereof

Virginia DOT


Suburban Area Type for Network Additions



Virginia DOT

Rubber Band Planning

Cut and Place Strings Pin actual travel routes Mark Needed Changes

Rubber Band Planning

Infill Mixed Use Vacant lots and under-used spaces become active centers

New and added “eyes” on our important parks, corners and principle streets.

Attractive new features and a way to pay for upgrades to our intersections

Great new convenient places to have coffee or simply hang out in a quasi public-private place

Davis, California

Well Designed Density

Urban-Advantage.com

What are the problems here?

Lack of SecurityLack of peopleLack of investment

Auto dependence

No place to buy a popsicle

Lack of diversityLack of activityLack of diversity

University Place, Washington

The B reakdown

Winter Park Village

O r la n d o A v e n u e

We b s t e r A v e .

L e e R d .

D e n n ing D

r .

So

lan

a A

v e.

W in t e r P a r k

V i l la g e

K M a r t

W in t e r P a r k

V o T e c h

O r la n d o A v e n u e

We b s t e r A v e .

L e e R d .

D e n n ing D

r .

W in t e r P a r k

V i l la g e

K M a r t

Residential Redevelopment

Mixed Use Redevelopment

Lee Road Extension

W.P.V. Development

N o t a g o o d p la c e f o r m u lt i-f a m i ly

N o t a g o o d p la c e S e n io r s

N o t a g o o d p la c e p e o p le w it h d is a b i l i t ie s

N o t a g o o d p la c e f o r t h e t o w n h a l l

P o o r L o c a t io n f o r S h o p p in g P la z a

O k a y L o c a t io n

f o r S h o p p in g

P la z a

Be s t

L o c a t io n

f o r S h o p p in g

P la z a

An auto driven policy design for housing. This is ugly, wasteful of land, and it does not orient to transit

An transit driven policy design for housing. This is sociable, oriented to the transit stop, and the living space works for all.


Buildings no longer “moon” the street

Single-Use Commercial Buildings

New Port Village, Port Moody

Holcomb Bridge Rd.

Holcomb Bridge Rd.

Alp

har

ett

a H

wy.

Alp

har

ett

a H

wy.

Crossville Rd.

Crossville Rd.

Cra

ba

pp

le R

d.

Cra

ba

pp

le R

d.

Old Ala Rd.

Old Ala Rd.

Hembree Rd.Hembree Rd.

AzaleaAzalea

Pine Grove Rd.

Pine Grove Rd.

Marietta Hwy.

Marietta Hwy.

Woodstock R

d.

Woodstock R

d.

Riverside

Rd

.

Riverside

Rd

.

Hardscrabble Rd.

Hardscrabble Rd.

Houze R

d.

Houze R

d.

400400

N Roswell, Georgia3,260 miles of roads

Holcomb Bridge Rd.

Holcomb Bridge Rd.

Alp

har

ett

a H

wy.

Alp

har

ett

a H

wy.

Crossville Rd.

Crossville Rd.

Cra

ba

pp

le R

d.

Cra

ba

pp

le R

d.

Old Ala Rd.

Old Ala Rd.

Hembree Rd.Hembree Rd.

AzaleaAzalea

Pine Grove Rd.

Pine Grove Rd.

Marietta Hwy.

Marietta Hwy.

Woodstock R

d.

Woodstock R

d.

Riverside

Rd

.

Riverside

Rd

.

Hardscrabble Rd.

Hardscrabble Rd.

Houze R

d.

Houze R

d.

400400

N Roswell, Georgia3,260 miles of roads760 miles connect

Only 22% of roads are doing the heavy lifting

32nd STREET BARRICADE

42nd STREET BARRICADE

2006 VOLUMES

2030 VOLUMES

W/OUT CONNECTORS

2030 VOLUMES

WITH CONNECTORS

Grosse Point Park, Michigan

Connectivity Requirements - Examples

Link-node ratio of 1.44

Virginia DOT


Compact Area Type for Network Additions



Virginia DOT

250

125

75

21

15

Cleveland, Ohio.

Monterey, California

Monterey, California

What is the Purpose of Cities?

How Do I get There (Wayfinding and Orientation)

Wayfinding and navigation Does the design of this station, equipment and layout get me there?

11-12 du/a net8-10 du/a net

Meriam Park, Chico, California

Complete Streets

Chico, CA

Nord Avenue

Crossing Island

Bike Lanes ColorizedTurn Lane

(colorized)Transit Stop

Washington’s First Roundabout was placed at a school

Every blizzard proves motorists prefer two lane roads Indeed they place medians and edge buffers on 4-lane roads when they get to design them (before snow plows arrive). So why not convert to 2-3 lanes, when conditions allow?

Abbott Road, E. Lansing, Michigan

California Street, Mountain View, California

Hartford, ConnecticutSpeed reductions of 3-7

mph are common

This 5-lane Main Street was converted to…This 5-lane Main Street was converted to…

Pottstown PAPottstown PA

This:This: One less travel lane; bike lanes; parallel to back-in One less travel lane; bike lanes; parallel to back-in diagonal parking on one side; new pavementdiagonal parking on one side; new pavement


Streets must become “right-sized” for their greater mission.

LaJolla Boulevard, Birdrock, San Diego, CA

2nd Avenue, South

The Institute team suggests the following goals for towns/cities:

Goal 1: A complete network of streets and public spaces to support active living

Goal 2: Safe, natural and enjoyable walking and biking conditions

Goal 3: Sustainable transportation choices

Goal 4: Healthier, happier people

To achieve these goals, we recommend:

1. Adopt Complete Streets policies and incorporate Complete Streets policy language into all planning documents

2. Create and adopt the Livable Street Design Guidelines

3. Develop a Regional Pedestrian Master Plan 4. Adopt the Regional Bicycle Master Plan

5. Increase enforcement for pedestrian safety

6. Increase education and awareness for all road users

7. Improve and enhance Safe Routes to School programs

8. Update General Plans and Municipal Codes to include livability and wellness principles

9. Transform regional corridors, local corridors and neighborhood streets to encourage active transportation

10. Apply best practices, lessons learned and available resources to improve livability throughout the region

A Model Design Manual for Living Streets

Made possible by funding from the Department of Health and Human Services through the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health.

Goal 1: Build Multi-Modal Communities

Prioritize development of multi-modal communities that provide residents of all ages and abilities, and economic levels with safe, reliable, comfortable and economical transportation choices.


Goal 2: Promote Safetytransportation system to reduce serious injuries, decreaseDesign, operate, and manage the crime and violence, ensure mobility for all ages, abilities and socio-economic levels.


Goal 3: Design for Health

Design, operate, manage streetscapes and public spaces to promote active living and lessen exposure to air and noise pollution and water and soil contamination.


Goal 4: Promote Transportation Investment as Economic Development Invest in transportation improvements-including operational improvements-that support the economic health and competiveness of city’s businesses, and the safety and general welfare of its residents.


Goal 5: Integrate Transportation and Land Use

Cities and counties should coordinate transportation infrastructure with land use and development.


Goal 6: Embrace Streets as Civic Space

City streets will be regarded as important spaces for civic engagement and will be developed to promote health, economic vitality, and well-being while reflecting a city’s unique character.


walk/live st. louis: elected officials & staff event

Real Estate

road diet

transportation researcher

century transportation

department of transportation

road congestion

percent increase

way of health care

east sideyou