walking - gait cycle

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Walking The Gait-Cycle chael E. Graham, DPM, FACFAS, FASPS

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Walking is the 2nd most common conscious function of our body. Explore this very complex motion. Learn more at www.HyProCure.com.

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Page 1: Walking - Gait Cycle

Walking

The Gait-Cycle

Michael E. Graham, DPM, FACFAS, FASPS

Page 2: Walking - Gait Cycle

Walking is a series of interrupted falls.

Page 3: Walking - Gait Cycle

Did you know…

Page 4: Walking - Gait Cycle

…walking is the second most common conscious function of our

body next to breathing.

Page 5: Walking - Gait Cycle

The Average Person takes:

Nearly 7,000 steps a day

2,555,000 steps a year

25,550,000 steps every ten years

Page 6: Walking - Gait Cycle

Let’s do some

simple math.

Page 7: Walking - Gait Cycle

Average number of steps taken for the average, non-sportive, person.

• 10 years of walking = 25,550,000 steps• 20 years of walking = 51,100,000 steps• 30 years of walking = 76,650,000 steps• 40 years of walking = 102,200,000 steps• 50 years of walking = 127,750,000 steps• 60 years of walking = 153,300,000 steps• 70 years of walking = 178,850,000 steps

Page 8: Walking - Gait Cycle

Walking should be easy and effortless, just like breathing.

Page 9: Walking - Gait Cycle

Our feet shouldn’t hurt after we use them.

Page 10: Walking - Gait Cycle

There are 2 main phasesof walking.

Non-weight bearing No-Contact Swing Phase (no weight on the foot)

Weight-bearing Contact Phase

(weight on the foot)

Page 11: Walking - Gait Cycle

Non-Contact Phase

Foot has just left the ground and is

advancing forward until the heel is

about to touch the ground again.

No weight on the foot from the body

above.

Page 12: Walking - Gait Cycle

Contact PhaseFoot/heel makes contact with the

weightbearing surface below.

4 to 8 times the weight of the body is passing through the foot.

3 main parts to this phase of walking

Page 13: Walking - Gait Cycle

Contact Phase

• Heel Strike• Mid-stance• Push-off/Toe-off

Page 14: Walking - Gait Cycle

There are complex motions of the foot that

are essential for an optimum functioning

foot.

Page 15: Walking - Gait Cycle

These motions result in a locking and unlocking of the joints within the foot.

Pronationand

Supination

Page 16: Walking - Gait Cycle

The amount of pronation & supination is very important as there are

specific periods during the walking cycle when the foot should be supinated and other times when it needs to be

pronated.

Page 17: Walking - Gait Cycle

Supination - Pronation

• Opposite movements between the ankle bone and the foot.

• Think of it as a winding and unwinding of the foot mechanism.

• A period of stability and less stability of the foot structures while walking.

Page 18: Walking - Gait Cycle

These motions should occur like a well played symphony.

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There are so many different individual instruments or components working with and against each

other for the end result of a

dynamic unified effort.

Page 20: Walking - Gait Cycle

What is supination?

This is an over-supinated foot.

Foot angles inward

Ankle bone (talus)

Page 21: Walking - Gait Cycle

This is pronation.

This is a severely pronated foot.

Talus goes this way

Foot angles out-ward

Page 22: Walking - Gait Cycle

During pronation the foot is a Mobile Adapter

This is a very important aspect of the foot to allow slight accommodation to an uneven weightbearing surface below the foot.

During this time there is a normal amount of adaptation that is acceptable and built into the mechanics of the foot.

Page 23: Walking - Gait Cycle

What is the normal amount of motion ?Pronation should only have a few degrees.

Supination should be twice

the amount of pronation.

Page 24: Walking - Gait Cycle

What controls how much pronation or supination occurs in the foot?

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It starts with the talus (ankle bone).

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And its stability/connections to two hindfoot bones.

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There is a specific point when the foot needs to be supinating.

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During the contact phase of walking the hindfoot lands supinated,

quickly pronates, and re-supinates for toe-off.

Page 29: Walking - Gait Cycle

At mid-stance the foot needs to transition from its supinated position

into a pronated position.

Page 30: Walking - Gait Cycle

Finally, the hindfoot must transition back into supination in order to prepare

the foot for lift-off.

Page 31: Walking - Gait Cycle

Can the bottom of our feet tell us anything?

Page 32: Walking - Gait Cycle

A foot print only tells

a very small part of

the story of foot motion.

Page 33: Walking - Gait Cycle

When walking we land on our outer heel.

Page 34: Walking - Gait Cycle

Then the outside of the foot makes contact.

Page 35: Walking - Gait Cycle

Before you know it your whole foot in on the ground.

Page 36: Walking - Gait Cycle

So when we are walking the forces from our body travel through the back and outside of our foot.

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Then these forces should make their way through our big toe joint.

Page 38: Walking - Gait Cycle

But that is just what is happening on the bottom of our foot.

Page 39: Walking - Gait Cycle

Just imaging what is happening above the bottom of our foot- a lot of very important things.

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When the individual parts are working/functioning in harmony walking is easy, however, if there is a

prolonged period of pronation, symptoms will occur. It is just a matter of time.

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The mechanics of these feet

are not right.

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This results in a prolonged period of pronation

or over-pronation.

But that is another slide presentation.

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Life is motion

and

when you can’t walk,

your quality of life

quickly fades.

Page 44: Walking - Gait Cycle

For more info please visit: www.hyprocure.com

View our on-line training

www.hyprocuredoctors.com

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