wageningen ur food & biobased research · 2016-06-03 · (corn in n. america, sugar cane in s....

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Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research

From biomass availability to industry demand

17 October 2013, JRC Italy

Dr.ir. Martijn Hackmann


We are ..

� An R&D organisation for innovation in healthy and sustainable food and biobased products.

� Working with industry, governmental authorities and other knowledge institutes.

� Building on the science of Wageningen University.

� Chosen for our professionalism, innovative market-oriented solutions, and high scientific standing.

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Healthy food in a biobased society

MissionTo create innovative, technological

concepts and solutions for profitable

and sustainable product and process

innovations.

Core competences� Multidisciplinary applications of

technological expertise.

� Building consortia of companies,

R&D institutions and public

organisations.

Ambition� Strategic partner of leading

companies that trust us with their

R&D activities.

� Top 3 research institute in Europe.

Key facts� 26,5 M€ revenue

� 200 fte

� Established in Wageningen

2 business units

Fresh, foods & chains

Biobased products


5 Core programs


� Healthy & delicious food

� Sustainable fresh chains

Biobased products

� Biobased chemicals

� Biobased materials

� Biofuels & energy

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Creating sustainable food chains help our

clients reduce food waste.



Working together with our customers for

resource efficient production of healthy and

safe foods.

Developing healthy and safe food products

using new technologies and understanding

food choices of consumers create added

value for our clients.


Biobased products

Converting biomass into high-value

chemicals, materials and energy in an

efficient, cost-effective and sustainable

way

Creating breakthroughs in the production

of innovative high-performance materials,

chemicals, processes and products based

on biomass

Working together with our customers to

establish a green, biobased economy.

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The Biobased Economy

Chemicals

Fuels &energy

Lignocellulosiccrops &residues

Agriculturalcrops &residues

Food & feed

Materials

Polymerprocessing

FreshBiomass

AquaticBiomass

BIOMASS

CONVERSION

Biotechnological& chemicalconversion

Synthesis& modification

BIOBASED

PRODUCTS

Lignin

Proteins

Natural fibres

Carbohydrates

Oils & FatsSpecialties

Isolation, extractionand pretreatment

BIOREFINERY

BIOMASS

COMPONENTS

The BiobasedEconomyValue Chain

The B

iobased loop

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Amount of biomass available in the

Netherlands for electricity/heat production?

Mton dry PJ

Harvestable production 29 500

Plus: Import 36 685

Minus: Export -25 -466

Balans 41 719

Data for biofuels are not includedPrimary energy consumption is 3300 PJ

Which part can we use for the energy production in the BiobasedEconomy?

Rabou et al 2006 en Meesters et al 2010.

Estimated NL consumption of elect. energy 2020

Koppejan et al. 2009

In 2020 2009 1 Global Economy

2 Transatlantic

Market

3 Strong Europe

4 RegionalCommunities

Mton dry 10,5 (48,6) 13,8 (50,4) 13,4 (47,1) 16,4 (47,9) 15,5 (46,3)

PJ LHV 125 (558) 173 (515) 167 (491) 179 (494) 173 (485)

PJ HHV 180 (881) 231 (910) 226 (855) 281 (868) 268 (841)

PJ Electricity 31 38 39 51 50

PJ Heat 14 15 15 28 35

PJ Green gass - 1 1 13 10

PJ final 45 55 54 92 95

PJ prevent fossile 85 102 102 157 158

bio eff (%HHV) 24% 23% 24% 32% 35%

fossile eff (%HHV) 53% 54% 54% 59% 60%

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Conclusions:

• In 2020 13,4 á 16,4 Mton ton dry mat. for electricity and heat

• = max. 40% of totall biomass balance

• (102-158 PJ prevented fossile = 3.4 á 5.4% of energy consumption)

• Greatest potency is more efficient use

EU27 energy demand of biomass (Mton) in 2020 (NREAPs)

TotalByproducts

and waste EU crops Imports

EthanolCarbohydrates 1e

generation 17.73 1.77 10.46 5.50

Sugars from lignocellulse 2e gen 1.55 0.85 0.39 0.31

Diesel oils and fats 29.49 1.47 19.17 8.85

BiogasBiogas substrate: manure,

crop, by-products 125.94 88.16 36.52 1.26

LignocelluloseSolids for thermal conv:

chips + pellets mainly 469.76 258.37 117.44 93.95

Black liquor 11.26 11.26 0.00 0.00

Total biomass demand 655.74 361.89 183.98 109.87

Equivalent for about 280 MTOE = 11 EJ NB. Biomass for chemistry not taken into account

Ref: Elbersen et al., 2011

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EU 27 Biomass cost supply curve:

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0

500.0

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750

Mto

e

€/Toe

Reference and sustainability scenario 2020

Reference

Sustainability

6 €/GJ 12 €/GJ 36 €/GJ

Ref: Biomass Futures project, 2012

EU 27 Biomass potency (MTOE)

MTOE Current 2020 reference 2020 sustainability 2030 reference 2030 sustainability

Wastes 42 36 36 33 33

Agricultural residues 89 106 106 106 106

Rotational crops 9 17 0 20 0

Perennial crops 0 58 52 49 37

Landscape care wood 9 15 11 12 11

Roundwood production 57 56 56 56 56

Additional harvestable roundwood 41 38 35 39 36

Primary forestry residues 20 41 19 42 19

Secondary forestry residues 14 15 15 17 17

Tertiary forestry residues 32 45 45 38 38

total 314 429 375 411 353

Ref: Biomass Futures project, 2012

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There seems to be enough biomass,

so what is the problem?

1. Lots of biomass has to be made available

2. Quality of biomass is not sufficient

3. Culture on surplus/marginal land has no iLUC, but costs are higher in combination with lower CO2 balance

4. Availability of biomass is variable in time

5. Demand in chemistry is growing exponentially !

Chemical industry is growing fast in

biobased.

� Ambition chemical industry: majority of chemicalbuilding blocks and plastics are made from renewableraw materials in 2030-2050

� Rapid increasing interest for green building blocks in chemistry world wide

� Former developing countries, like Brazil, are front runners !!

� Chemical industry in EU: high need to enter ‘biobased’ developments

� Demand of biomass for chemical industry will influence world wide trade and availability of biomass for other sectors like energy in nearest future.

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Plastic production worldwide

31%

16%

11%

7%

14%

5%

8%

8%

PE

PP

PVC

PS

PET

PUR

Synthetic rubbers

PA and others

Estimated plastics

production worldwide

(% of total 285 Mt/a)

88

4730

21

40

14

45

Estimated plastics production world

[Mt/a]

PE

PP

PVC

PS

Only 5% of all chemicals is biobased yet!

Present petrochemical industry

�Based on only few ‘platform chemicals’

Crude oil

‘nafta’

fuels ethylene

propylene

butadiene(+ other C4)

‘BTX’ aromatics(benzene, toluene, xylene)

5%

95%Ethylene chloride

polyethylene

polyurethanes

polypropylene

Acrylic acid polyacrylates

Ethylene oxide

PVC

styrene

polybutadiene

SBR rubber

polystyrene

isocyanates

Ethylene glycol

Propylene glycol

isocyanates

Terephthalic acid PETEthylene glycol

Propylene oxide

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Green building blocks for biobased plastics

� Chemically: a lot of building blocks for plastics can be made from renewable raw materials

� Commercially: not every process is feasible

� Presently, only circa 5% of all chemicals is biobased

� Joined R&D effort with industry is necessary (EU Bridge)

� Study FBR (Harmsen, Hackmann, green building blocks for biobased plastics, WUR 2013):

● possibilities to produce plastics from biomass

● processes in development

● current development stage

● IEA categorisation ‘International Energy Agency (IEA) Task 42

on Biorefinery’

Which biobased plastics/polymers?

� Vinylpolymers

� Polyesters

� Polyamides

� Polyurethanes

� Synthetic rubbers

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Developments and perspectives

� Enormous growth of activities on chemical building blocks:

● Goverments direct on sustainable production and CO2 reduction

● Consumers do want sustainable products

● Image producers and companies

� Drop-ins (identical to petrochemical analogues) -> use of present infrastructure possible

� Development of new building blocks (e.g. 2,5-FDCA)-> new bioplastics with competitive performance

� Keep and use chem. functionality of biomass for sustainable routes

� Capacity grows where cheap biomass is available(corn in N. America, sugar cane in S. A, both in Asia)

� Developments mainly on 1st generation biomass. 2nd gen. in development, 3th gen. in fundamental stage (algae)

� New biobased plastics like polyesters will become more dominant andwill take concur the dominant position of polyolefins like PE and PP

Chemical building blocks

“The possibilities are endless”

� Bioplastics for vormdelen en vezels

● Sorona by Dupont (partly bio)

● Polylactic acid (PLA) by NatureWorks,

Synbra

● Green PE and PP by Braskem

● Green PVC by Solvay

� Biomass sources:

● corn

● wheat

● Sugar beets and sugar cane

● Lactic acid from whey (milk byproduct)

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Biobased production volumes 2006-2016

88.0

00

47.0

00

Vision: energy paves the way for chemistry

Wind

Solar

Biomass

Only option for liquid fuels, materials, chemicals, etc.

Electrical energy

Chemical building blocks

Hydro

Meanwhile: energy from biomass creates the industrial cultivation/production/ logistic/.. chain that is necessary for future higher added value products

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Conclusions

� Biomass demand for production of chemical building blocks will increase exponentially the next decades

� Biomass is only source for chemical buildings blocks, materials and biofuels; whereas electric energy can be generated differently.

� Meanwhile: present bioenergy policy (cofiring) creates the industrial cultivation/production/ logistic.. chain that is necessary for future higher added value products. Realize: this is valid for short duration!

� Biobased will significantly influence the present volume of biomass availability for sectors like energy.

� The EU has to consider how to stimulate biobased developments for chemical industry in order to keep the chemical industry as a main industry (and thus jobs) within EU and simultaneously achieve the energy targets.

� We have to realize that the volume of chemical industry in EU has historic reasons that are no longer obvious in the new biobasedworld. If EU wants to keep this industry and the jobs, proper conditions have to be created.

Thank you for your

attention

Contact information

Dr.ir. Martijn Hackmann

[email protected]

+31 317 480466

www.fbr.wur.nl

wageningen ur food & biobased research · 2016-06-03 · (corn in n. america, sugar cane in s....

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