W. Somerset Maugham British novelist W. Somerset Maugham earned a reputation for cynicism and simplicity of style with his 1915 masterpiece Of Human Bondage. The semi-autobiographical book chronicles a young medical student’s struggle toward maturity.

cruelty

atrocious--- atrocity The Japanese invaders made atrocious Nan

jing Massacre in 1937.

Deceptive

Deceive --- deception ---deceptive

A credulous person is easy to be deceived.

fellow

I have a lot of fellow feeling with her because I used to a cynic like her.

He further his research in physiology with a newly granted fellowship.

______ debaters . Schoolfellows ______ citizens

___> Fellowship Of The Rings Tale of Two Towers

Affectionate

Affect: >He affected illness to shun the absence. >He affected verbal phrases that I can not understand.

Affection: He show strong affection for his puppy. Affectation : She is not American, her accent is just an affectation.

- She stopped to give me an ______ smile. A. affected B. affectionate

Cocktail

The patient has been given a cocktail treatment.

booze:

Remit

The protestants prayed at the ritual hoping that God remit them of their blaspheme and ignorance.

Every month, millions of hinterland workers in China’ major cities remitted a large sum of money westward.

- The unremitting examinations, tests, quizzes give no hope of a peaceful ending.

Stroke

caress, feel, pat, fondle.

Shave ---shaved ----shaved

He is a handsome young man, clear-cut, clean-shaven and good-mannered.

Shaver and razor and eraser.

vein

blood vessels, artery, vein, capillaries, blood circulation

Compare: vein and vain

Transparent:

Compare: translucent Opaque

Stick to

Adhere to Cling to Insist on: Saussure insisted on the divided study of langue and parole. Persist in: He still persisted in his foolish conception.

Commit ---uncommitted

It can be tough knowing when to commit. If you do it too soon,you get away from the main job of your adolescent years: defining who you are. But, if you don’t commit, you feel you may never discover the satisfaction that can come from cherishing someone and feeling cherished.

Crippling creek

Stream, brook, rivulet, Tributary---trunk stream, mainstream

Aback

I was quite taken aback by his bluntness\ rudeness \impudence.

Funk

We all funked telling her the truth, her daughter was drowned.

Ladies and funky gentlemen

AME. BE. Parking lot car parkBus coachService station garageRest area lay-byTruck lorryTelephone booth call boxSoft drinks mineralsGarters suspendersUndershirt vest

American words:Alibi: excuse bunkum: nonsenseAllergy: being disgusted cafeteriaAngle caucusBackwoods cloudburstBeeline : cocktailBelittle commuteBlizzard cutBlurb: cover description of the book doveBobbyboxer: vogue girls double talkBreakdown: egghead

‘

Electrocute fanGraft: taking bribery hawkHighbrow know-howKvetch me generationMoonwalk pill: contraceptive pillPrairie round-trip ticketShoot’em up show businessStar Yippie

Kvetch: somebody incessantly complaining:Yippie: political hippie: a politically radical hippie during th

e late 1960s and early 1970s in the United States [Mid-20th century. Coined from Y(outh) I(nternational) P(art

y) , on the model of hippie .]

Pronunciation:

1) Lamentable cigarette magazine research

2) Extraordinary necessarily primarily

3) Secretary history factory

Station: He married a girl far beneath his

station.>>comfort station

portly, stout, fat, fleshy, corpulent, obese, heavy, overweight, husky, potbellied, thick, plump/chubby

slim, slight, bony, skeletal, skinny, lanky, gaunt, thin, slender

[obese, fat, fleshy,] [heavy, husky, potbellied, thick, stout, ],

[portly, corpulent, overweight, plump/chubby]

[skeletal, bony, skinny], [gaunt, lanky, thin, slight], [slender,

slim]

1. Denotation ( conventional)

1) When replying to an invitation to dinner) a student writes: “I shall be delighted to come and I am looking forward to the day with anxiety.

2) Let us all fight this selfishness, opportunism, cowardice and ignorance now rife in China and put in their place truth, manliness, consistency and singularity of mind.

3) With further education and reading, I hope to become more opinionated.

4) The article implied/inferred that a breakthrough is near; at least that’s what I inferred /implied from it.

5) Tired of marriage, many people seek comfort from

valentines.

reordering from the negative –neutral ---positive

1) synthetic , fake, artificial, man-made 2) famous, infamous, renowned, celebrated, notorious 3) determined, pig-headed, stubborn, unyielding,

principled

Black humor is a nervous humor which famous psychologist Sigmund Freud described as a way of repressing fear through laughter. Also known as graveyard humor, it is used throughout the novel to mask the very real fear of death. The starkest use of this type of humor is by Catherine Barkley when she is dying from internal bleeding suffered from a stillbirth. Though in great pain she manages to utter "black humor" when the doctor says she must not be silly because she is not going to die. To this she repeats a phrase she used earlier in the book when Frederic was in the hospital, "All right... I'll come and stay with you nights...." The inevitability of death and the impossibility of the decision make the comment painfully ironic.

Text B

African American Vernacular English (AAVE)

There weren’t no more cars come and I walked in.

He ain’t got no sense of humor at all.He got the other one without no advice.

否定 ( 可否定之处都要否定）

1 ） There weren’t no more cars come and I walked in.

2 ） Don’t nobody never help me do my work.

３） Can’t nobody do nothing in Mr. Smith class.

Absence of suffix “s”

He walk homeHe tired.

It’s three children in my family; the peoples shouldn’t do that.

They does a lot of hard work.

I does a little running.

双重主语表强调

My son, he have a new car. The boy he is so proud.He my friend from south.

人称代词混淆

The expressway bought they house.They should do it theyselves.Him cool.He did it all by hisself.He house is so big.

It 替代 there.

It’s four boy and two girl in the family. It was a man had died.Is it a Longfellow street in this city?