w arm u p the atomic mass of an element and the mass number of an atom often have similar values....
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WARM UPThe atomic mass of an element and the mass number of an atom often have similar values. However, atomic mass and mass number are not the same thing. Explain the difference.
WARM UPAcids and bases are two kinds of chemical compounds. Compare and contrast at least four chemical and physical properties of acids and bases.
WARM UPYou measured the mass of a steel pipe before leaving it outdoors. One month later, the pipe had rusted, and its mass had increased. Does this change violate the law of conservation of mass? Explain your answer.
CHEMICAL BONDING A chemical bond is an interaction that holds two atoms
together. This joining of two atoms is called chemical bonding Atoms bond by sharing, gaining, or losing electrons Most atoms bond using only their electrons in the outermost
energy level. The electrons in the outermost energy level are called valence electrons
Sodium Atom
OCTET RULE The number of valence electrons determines whether an atom
will form bonds.
The outermost energy level of an atom is considered to be full if it contains 8 electrons. Hydrogen and Helium only need 2 valence electrons for a full
energy level.How many valence electrons are in the fluorine atom?
IONIC BONDS
Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals
COVALENT BONDS
Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons Covalent bonds form between 2 nonmetals
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzWwww
METALLIC BONDS Metallic bonds are formed by the attraction between positive
metal ions and the electrons in the metal Electrons are not shared by adjacent atoms (atoms that are next to
each other), but are free to “roam” This gives metals their ability to conduct electricity
CHEMICAL REACTIONSChapter 13
SPI 0807.9.10 Identify the reactants and products of a chemical reaction
SPI 0807.9.11 Recognize that in a chemical reaction the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products (Law of Conservation of Mass)
NEW SUBSTANCES
A chemical reaction is a process where one or more substances change to form one or more new substances
During a reaction, bonds are broken, atoms are rearranged, and new bonds are formed
Some signs of chemical reactions:Gas formationSolid formation (also called precipitate)Energy change (light, heat, electricity)Color change
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qx5lhj5grts
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
A chemical formula is a shorthand way to use chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substanceCarbon dioxide = CO2 Glucose = C6H12O6
The subscript number tells you how many atoms of an element are in the compound
Subscripts – the number of atoms
No number is understood to be “1”
Coefficients – the number of molecules
3H2SO4 =
H2SO4
H2SO4
H2SO4
6 – H, 3 – S, 12 - 9
H2SO4 =
2 – hydrogen
1 – Sulfur
4 – Oxygen
coefficient
subscript
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS A chemical equation uses chemical symbols and formulas as a
shortcut to describe a chemical reaction The starting materials in a reaction are reactants The substances formed from a reaction are products
C + O2 CO2
What are the reactants and products of the following equation?2H2 + O2 2H2O
The formulas of the reactants are written before the arrow
The formulas of the products are written after the arrow
The arrow, also called the yields sign, separates the reactants from the products
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes.
This means that a chemical equation must show the same numbers and kinds of atoms on BOTH sides of the arrow!