VULNERABILITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN MOZAMBIQUE’S ROAD NETWORK

September 2015

Background

Concept

Objectives

Tropical cyclones on Mozambique Coast

Actions carried out by the road sector

Examples of impacts

Challenges.

Presentation of content

•Mozambique historically is more affected by disasters than other countries within southern Africa. It is estimated that during the past thirty years more than eight million Mozambicans were affected by natural disasters. •For example, the floods in the year 2000, which were triggered by a succession of cyclones, resulted in the displacement of more than 500,000 people in the Limpopo River basin and there was widespread destruction and damage to physical infrastructure. The combined losses of the 2000 flood/cyclone disaster were estimated at US$600 million.

1. Background

Mozambique has a classified road network of approximately 30,000 kilometers, of which 24,000 km are unpaved roads which are particularly susceptible to damage from climate and weather induced problems. Heavy rains and floods increasingly cause roads to crack leading to disruptions which result in rural populations being cut off from markets and services, with the associated harmful effects on rural livelihoods.

1. Background (Cont.)

Road Network

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Revestidas NãoRevestidas

Total

5581.5 5337;5

10919

721.6

18690;1

19412

6303.1

24027;6

30331

Nacionais

Regionais

Total

Primárias 20%

Secundárias 16%

Terciárias 42%

Vicinais 22%

Rede Classificada de Moçambique

The long dry season and periodic droughts also create difficult conditions for rural populations. As local water sources progressively dry up rural populations are forced to go farther and farther to obtain water. This has a direct impact on the time available for other activities such as agriculture. Gaza province is one of the most vulnerable in terms of road infrastructure; in the 2013 flood 113 people died and approximately 172,600 others were displaced. The majority of Gaza’s provincial road network is located in the southern area of the province mostly concentrated in the districts of Xai-Xai, Bilene, Chókwe, Guijá, Chibuto and Manjacaze.

1. Background (Cont.)

The objective of the presentation is to give an overview of

the vulnerability of the infrastructure and action which has

been taken by Mozambique to adapt the infrastructure to

climate change.

2 Objective of the presentation

Tropical Ciclones in Mozambique Coast

Nome Nº Pessoas afectadas

Nº Pessoas Mortas

Demoina, 1984 350. 000 109

Filão, 1988 90. 000 100

Nádia,1994 900. 000 52

Bonita,1996 200. 000 11

Lisette,1997 80. 000 87

Elinne,2000 650.000 700 Pessoas mortas por cheias em parte causadas por estes ciclones

Glória,2000 650.000

Hudah,2000 11.000

Fonte: UEM/FEWS Net/INGC, 2002

An Emergency Unity was created in 2013 to help on reconstruction and rehabilitation after floods. Revision of Design standards; In the late 1990s the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) published standards for roads for use in the region through the Southern Africa Transport and Communications Commission (SATCC). These standards were based mainly on South African standards, which in turn were derived from standards published in the United States and, to a lesser extent, the United Kingdom. The SADC standards cover geometric design of roads, pavement design, pavement rehabilitation design, bridge and culvert design, road markings and traffic signs. Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges were also published.

ACTIONS DONE BY ROAD SECTOR

Revision of Design standards •Local knowledge of the behaviour of locally occurring materials in road construction is not reflected in the standards. This can result in high construction and maintenance costs. The SADC design manuals do not cover wider requirements such as drainage design and hydrology, and road maintenance. There are no standard design details for roads in the SADC documentation, aside from road markings and traffic signs.

ACTIONS DONE BY ROAD SECTOR

Revision of Design standards •ANE conducted a review of existing conditions prevailing in the country and the standards and specifications for roads in use in Mozambique and the region. The study identified the key factors affecting the roads sector in Mozambique and included a gap analysis of the existing technical documentation for roads. The study concluded with recommendations for a project to prepare Mozambique-specific guidelines, standards and specifications for roads which will be adopted in the country and implemented by ANE and other relevant authorities through the road construction industry.

ACTIONS DONE BY ROAD SECTOR

Revision of Design standards The preparatory work for this project has identified and prioritized the following new documents that will be developed and published under the project:

•Geometric Design Manual •Site Investigations Manual •Pavement Design Manual (flexible and semi-rigid pavements) •Rehabilitation Design Manual (flexible and semi-rigid pavements) •Hydrology and Drainage Design Manual •Specification for Bridge Loads •Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Works •Standard Details for Roads and Bridges •Guidelines for Performance Specifications for use in Output and Performance Based Maintenance Contracts and Concessions under Public/Private Partnerships.

ACTIONS DONE BY ROAD SECTOR

Assessment of climate vulnerability and identification of options for building climate resilience into the lower Limpopo roads network in Gaza province The results of the study will be a series of proposals for interventions, principally on the rural road network (classified and unclassified) improving linkage to infrastructure which would maximize the potential for the rural populations to benefit from the transport resource Approved in 2014 the tool for pre-assessment climate risks in all new projects

ACTIONS CARRIED OUT BY ROAD SECTOR

14

Obstrução dos vãos por sedimentos

N302:Matema Cazula, Tete N1: Chicumbane – Xai – Xai, Gaza

15

Erosão e infraescavação

N1: Ponte sobre Licungo, Mocuba N221: Chibuto - Guija

N221: Chibuto - Guija

Galgamento e corte de estradas

N340 cruz.N324 Moma/ Mucoroge R1106 - Cruz.N13 (Nataleia)

Galgamento e corte de estradas

18

Reduzida capacidade de vazão das estruturas

R448: Chokwe - Macarretane, Gaza N220: Chissano – Chibuto, Gaza

N322: Madamba – Mutarara, Tete

19

Mocuba - Lugela

Saturação dos solos

20

Before Adaptation

Impact Mitigation

After Adaptation

Nametil - Angoche

Melhoramento de Secções Criticas e revestimento das mesmas em Otta seal e sand seal

Fund–raising taking into account climate resilience Capacity building among staff to deal with climate

change issues Mandatory use of pre-assessment tools for climate

risks in all new projects

Challenges

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