vulnerability assessments and adaptation to climate change consultations on the relationship between...
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Vulnerability Assessments and Adaptation to
Climate Change
Consultations on the Relationship between Climate and human rights
Geneva Geneva
22 October 200822 October 2008
Festus Luboyera
UNFCCC Secretariat
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Outline
• The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
• Key commitments under the UNFCCC
• Urgent need for Adaptation
• Approaches to vulnerability and adaptation assessments
• Efforts to enhance work on vulnerability and adaptation issues
• National Adaptation Programmes of Actions (NAPAS
• Nairobi Work Programme
• Adaptation under the Bali Action Plan
• Financial resources
• Concluding Remarks
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The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
• 192 Parties – near universal membership
• The ultimate objective of the Convention: change is inevitable, but pace and intensity must be managed so that people and ecosystems can adapt.
• Principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities: developed countries must take the lead
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Key commitments under the UNFCCC
• All Parties shall “Cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change; develop and elaborate appropriate and integrated plans for coastal zone management, water resources and agriculture, and for the protection and rehabilitation of areas, particularly in Africa, affected by drought and desertification, as well as floods.”
– Article 4.1 (e)
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Key commitments under the UNFCCC
All Parties shall “Take climate change considerations into account, to the extent feasible, in their relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions, and employ appropriate methods, for example impact assessments, formulated and determined nationally, with a view to minimizing adverse effects on the economy, on public health and on the quality of the environment, of projects or measures undertaken by them to mitigate or adapt to climate change.”
– Article 4.1 (f)
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Key commitments under the UNFCCC
“The developed country Parties … shall also assist the developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change in meeting costs of adaptation to those adverse effects.”
- Article 4.4
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Key commitments under the UNFCCC
“The Parties shall take full account of the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries in their actions with regard to funding and transfer of technology.”
– Article 4.9
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Urgent need for Adaptation
Adaptation: coping with climatic change – taking measures to reduce the negative effects, or exploit the positive ones, by making appropriate adjustments.
• Adaptation is inevitable
• Developing countries will be most affected.
• Strong adaptation policies and support need to be in place very soon
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TWO APPROACHES TO VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENTS
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Efforts to enhance work on vulnerability and adaptation issues
• Support for Impact, Vulnerability and Adaptation assessment, as part of National Communications
• Further implementation of actions including on data and modelling, vulnerability and adaptation assessment and implementation under the Buenos Aires Programme of work on adaptation (2004)
• Addressing special needs of LDCs through the NAPAs
• Science and technical advice on adaptation: Nairobi Work Programme (adopted at COP 12 in Nairobi in 2006)
• Enhanced Action on adaptation under the Bali action Plan (2007)
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National Adaptation Programmes of Actions (NAPAS)
• Rationale for NAPA rests on low adaptive capacity of LDCs
• Serves as mechanism for assessment and communication of urgent and immediate adaptation needs in LDCs
• Steps include information synthesis, assessment of vulnerability to climate variability and extreme events and potential risk areas, identification of key adaptation measures, selection of prioritized set of activities.
• 32 NAPAs submitted thus far (out of 48 LDC Parties)
• Rough estimate of total cost of NAPA implementation in all 48 Parties - around US$1 billion
• USD 163 million pledged as of COP 13
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Nairobi Work Programme
Technologies for adaptationTechnologies for adaptation
Socio-economic information
Socio-economic information
Adaptation planning& practices
Adaptation planning& practices
ResearchResearch
Economicdiversification
Economicdiversification
Assist all Parties,in particular developing countries,
including LDCsand SIDS, to:
Improve their understanding of climate change impacts and vulnerability
Increase their ability to make informed decisions on how to adapt successfully
Methods & toolsMethods & tools
Data & observationsData & observations
Modelling, scenarios& downscaling
Modelling, scenarios& downscaling
Risks & extreme events
Risks & extreme events
Areas of work
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Nairobi Work ProgrammeUpscaling stakeholder engagement
Workshops& expert meetings
withrecommendations
Views of
Parties on
gaps &
needs
Calls for Action
120 organizationsactive in the
NWP withfocal points
Action Pledges
Parties,organizations,
experts,civil society,
privatesector
active inadaptation
‘Supply’ of adaptation activities
‘Demand’ for adaptation activities
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Adaptation under the Bali Action Plan
Discussions in Accra (August 2008)
• National planning and adaptation
• Streamlining and scaling up financial and technical support
• Enhancing knowledge sharing
• Institutional frameworks
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Financial resources• Improving means and accessibility to the adaptation
financing –improved livelihoods
• Need to generate significant financial and technological support to enable meaningful action by developing countries.
• The GEF funding is not enough
• Current carbon market is insufficient and doesn’t guarantee geographical distribution
• UNFCCC report (2007)indicates that Investment and financial flows needed for adaptation globally are likely to be tens of billions of dollars per year several decades from now
• How could the carbon market structure be expanded?
• Can other mechanisms be developed?
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The Bali Action Plan
Shared vision
• Emission reductions• Resilience/reduced vulnerability
Action by developed countries
• On mitigation
• On adaptation
Action by developed countries
• On mitigation
• On adaptation
Action by developing countries
• On mitigation
• On adaptation
Action by developing countries
• On mitigation
• On adaptation
Catalytic role of the UNFCCCCatalytic role of the UNFCCC
Outputto supportElements of support
Enabling elements
Elements of support
Enabling elements
Inputto support
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Concluding Remarks• The convention process has provided for;
– the assessments of vulnerability and adapation options for sectors and countries that are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change
– possible funding abeit not adequate at the moment
– development of national policy options for adaptation
• The Convention works to ensure food and health security as well sustainable development
• Copenhagen 2009 needs to ensure that all stakeholders participate in the development of adaptation policies and green economic growth
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Thank You