Vulnerability and Resilience: Developing Metrics to

Measure Sustainable Diets and Food SystemsT. Allen, P. Prosperi, I. Peri, B. Cogill and M. Padilla

Resilience 2014 – 7 May 2014 – Montpellier, France

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Address gaps in our understanding of what constitutes sustainable diets

Strengthen the evidence base of the role of biodiversity in sustainable diets

Identify a process for developing metrics and guidelines aimed at measuring the sustainability of the diets

Objectives

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Why metrics?

What are metrics?

An organized system of information combined to provide a perspective

What is counted is what counts...

Metrics target three principal objectives:

Inform civil society, industry, public officials and all stakeholders

Measure progress toward defined goals Aid decision-making processes

Source: Fanzo et al. (2012)

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Sequence of activities

Developing a Framework

Reviewing and listing 1,500 indicators

Focus group: Setting up a small panel of experts to discuss framework, shortlist 136 indicators and test an online questionnaire

Delphi online survey: Setting up a large panel of experts to discuss framework and identify a suite of 24 indicators

A workshop to further discuss key results and gaps

Framework

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Sustainable diets are those diets with low

environmental impacts which contribute to

food and nutrition security and to healthy life

for present and future generations.

Source: FAO and Bioversity International (2012)

Sustainable diets protect and respect

biodiversity and ecosystems while being

culturally acceptable, accessible, affordable,

nutritionally adequate, safe, and healthy.

A nutrition-driven perspective

Developing sustainable solutions to improved nutrition

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A system-orientated approach

Diets – and related outcomes – are the results of complex interactions among interdependent components within food systems

The concept of sustainability evolved from an approach to agriculture to a system property (Hansen, 1996)

Sustainability as the ability of a system to maintain or enhance its essential outcomes over time

Preserving essential human and natural assets and the flows of services they provide is key

Promoting economically, socially and environmentally sustainable food systems that concurrently ensure food and

nutrition security

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A Vulnerability/Resilience Framework

Vulnerability, as the degree of loss suffered by a social-ecological system because of a given risk or change (Turner et al., 2003), is a function of:

Exposure: Nature and degree to which a system is likely to be affected by the occurrence of a change

Sensitivity: Degree to which a system is affected, either adversely or beneficially, by a change

Resilience: Ability of a system to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a potentially hazardous event in a timely and efficient manner, including through ensuring the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essential basic structures and functions.

(IPCC, 2012)

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Focus group 1: From drivers to outcomes

A major question: ‘Vulnerability/Resilience of what to what?’

Identification of 4 main context-specific food and nutrition security issues

Identification of 4 main global and regional drivers of change

Source: Adapted from Prosperi et al. (2014)

Indicators

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Focus group 2: Shortlisting indicators

Setting up a long list of indicators derived from the literature

Shortlisting 136 indicators discussed during a focus group

8 interactions/3 components

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Focus group 2: Shortlisting indicators

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Focus group 2: Shortlisting indicators

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Focus group 2: Shortlisting indicators

Using a Delphi expert consultation protocol

Setting up a long list of indicators derived from the literature

Shortlisting 136 indicators discussed during a focus group

Gaining consensus through an exchange of opinions

Recognizing and acknowledging the contribution of each participant within an interpretative paradigm

Testing an online Delphi questionnaire

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The Delphi technique

An iterative survey of experts:

A Delphi technique is a structured group interaction process that is directed in ‘rounds’ of opinion collection and feedback

Opinion collection is achieved by conducting a series of surveys using questionnaires

The result of each survey are presented to the group –feedback – and the questionnaire used in the next round is built upon the result of the previous round

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Delphi survey – Round 1

51 experts

Economists (32%), nutritionists (26%), “Sustainability scientists” (12%), agronomists (10%), environmental scientists (8%), food policy and governance (8%) and food technologists (4%).

In partnership with:

www.bioversityinternational.org

Thank you

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References

IPCC (2012). Summary for Policymakers. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events andDisasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I andII of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1-19.

Fanzo, J., Cogill, B., & F. Mattei (2012). Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems.Bioversity International, Rome, Italy.

FAO/Bioversity International (2012). Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity. Directions andsolutions for policy, research and actions. FAO, Rome, Italy.

Hansen, J. W. (1996). Is agricultural sustainability a useful concept?. Agricultural systems,50(2), 117-143.

Prosperi, P., Allen, T., Padilla, M., Peri, I. & B. Cogill (2014). Sustainability and Food &Nutrition Security: A Vulnerability Assessment Framework for the Mediterranean Region.Sage Open [forthcoming].

Turner, B. L., Kasperson, R. E., Matson, P. A., McCarthy, J. J., Corell, R. W., Christensen, L., ...& Schiller, A. (2003). A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science.Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 100(14), 8074-8079.