vulnerability and patch management
DESCRIPTION
null Trivandrum Chapter - July 2013 MeetTRANSCRIPT
Vulnerability and Patch Management
What is Vulnerability Management?
Combination of management and security tools into one product. Examples of Management tools:
– Automated documentation for disaster recovery
– Disk space analysis
– Content scanning (MS Exchange)
– Mailbox moves (MS Exchange)
– Change impact analysis (MS SQL)
The ability to audit and document your improved security.
– Requisite in IT, banking/healthcare/government or any highly regulated industry
– Staff augmentation (cost savings)
Why Vulnerability Management
According to Gartner: Security continues to be one of the top three issues for CIOs.
Windows, IIS and SQL Server are the three key areas prone to attack.
2004 was the first time that the security budget for the average enterprise constituted more than 5% of the overall IT budget – showing up on the CIO’s pie chart
Why Vulnerability Management
Also according to Gartner, some ways to quantify what you do are:
• What percentage of known attacks is the organization vulnerable to?
• When was that percentage calculated?
• What percentage of company software, people and supplies have been reviewed for security issues?
• What percentage of downtime is the result of security problems?
• What percentage of nodes in the network are managed by IT?
Why implement a VM solution? •Multiple threats across a complex IT infrastructure •Multiple IT Managers are accountable for specific pieces of the infrastructure, but not all •Native tools do not provide enterprise-level, consolidated assessment and audit •A breach in any one area can affect the entire infrastructure •Organizations must comply with some mandated standards and practices across the enterprise •Time and efficiencies gained
Quick Quiz: 1. How many machines does it take to make a network completely vulnerable?
2. Name three ways a network may be vulnerable?
Remediate Audit/ Analyze
Assign Notify
Publish Certify/ Verify
Define Rules
Policy Compliance
Vulnerability Management
Directory Administration & Migration
Repeat
Risk Management Lifecycle
Benefits of Lifecycle
• Increase audit coverage and frequency
• Look at ALL your servers and workstations, ALL the time
• Provide policies to measure against
• Achieve constant state of audit
More Coverage + Complete Policies = Less Risk
Automating the Lifecycle
• What percentage of your machines do you audit regularly today?
• For best security, how many should you audit?
• How often do you complete your audit cycle?
• Only an automated solution can: – Audit 100% of machines
– Increase your audit frequency
– Decrease the time to remediate
– Reduce risks AND reduce costs at the same time
Sustainability
• Is this more work than you are doing today? – YES!! And it will continue to grow… – Start Now!
• With all the other things that are going on, how can I not only create – but maintain a secure environment. – Create Policies – Automate Assessment with software tools (VM) – Remediate (VM) – Evaluate (VM) – Start Over! (VM – using scheduling)
Any pitfalls?
Technical:
• Depth of reporting (granularity, ad-hoc VS predefined)
• Closed loop problem identification and Remediation
• Scalability
– Agents and their associated maintenance
– parallel processing
• Lack of centralized management (combination of security, auditing and management tools bundled into product)
Other benefits
Business reasons:
• 30-70% reduction in business losses due to downtime
• 20-70% reduction in lost opportunity costs
• 20-50% reduction in mediation, recovery time and associated costs
• 10-30% reduction in lost productivity of non-IT personnel
• 1-2% legal exposure and costs
• 10-30% deployment and maintenance
Testimonials
“(VM) solutions reduced our business loss and downtime when NIMDA hit.” “…put out the 1.1 million hits that we took. That was huge.” – Large mid-west financial organization
“…vulnerability management solution, we realized more than $1,000,000 in ROI.” – Florida Hospital
New trends Non-credentialed scans
• Benefits
– Cross-platform
– Doesn’t require administrative rights to scan device
– Keep up with the latest vulnerabilities
– O/S Fingerprinting with version identification
– Identify every IP device on the network
Total Devices – Managed – Unmanaged
Rogue Machines
Patch Management
What is a patch?
• A patch, or Hot Fix, is an updated file or set of files (exe, dll, sys, etc) that fixes a software flaw
• Two types of patches: – Security patches:
Patches that address known security vulnerabilities – Non-security patches:
Patches that improve performance or fix functional problems
• Service Packs – Contains all previously released security and non-
security patches (rollups) – Contains new patches also
Race Against Time Companies have less time to patch software flaws before Internet worms hit their computer systems.
Name of Worm Vulnerability Alert Number of Days Worm Released
Melissa Dec. 1, '99 65 March 27, '99
Sadmind Dec. 29, '99 496 May 8, '01
Sonic July 18, '00 104 Oct. 30 '00
Bugbear March 29, '01 550 Sept. 30, '02
Code Red June 18, '01 31 July 19 '01
Nimda Aug. 15 '01 34 Sept. 18 '01
Spida April 17, '02 34 May 21, '02
SQL Slammer July 24, '02 185 Jan. 25 '03
Slapper July 30, '02 46 Sept. 14, '02
Blaster/Welchia/Nachi July 16, '03 26 Aug. 11, '03
Witty March 18, '04 2 March 20, '04
Sasser April 13, '04 17 April 30, '04
Number of days a worm is released after a
vulnerability is announced
0
100200
300
400500
600
Mel
issa
So
nic
Co
de
Red
Sp
ida
Sla
pp
er
Witt
y
What is patch management?
The process, through which companies…
• determine which patches are missing from their environment
• deploy those patches to end user machines
• verify patches were successfully deployed
Automation is a key element of the patch management process. – Computerworld July 2003
“The number of patches released makes it almost imperative to employ
automated solutions” –Gartner
Two Key Components
• An analysis to determine whether or not a target machine is patched
• The distribution of a patch to a target machine
Assessment
Packaging & Deployment
Deployment Options
Patch Assessment
Option #1:
Packaging Option #2:
Deploy to end-user
Deploy to end-user
w/ software deployment
Patches for OS Platforms
Companies have to manually create and keep up to date
a spreadsheet illustrating which patch goes for which
operating system!
Check in with the experts
• The manual process of patching thousands of workstations and servers in an environment is “nearly impossible”. (Computerworld/July 14, 2003)
• “Gartner estimates that IT managers now spend up to two hours every day managing patches.” (Computerworld/July 14, 2003)
Patch Assessment-Considerations
• Audit the patch process – Why is patch needed?
• Reboot required?
• Unsigned driver?
• Conduct an in-depth assessment – CVE number
– Affected product
– Reason patch is missing
– Bulletin ID & name
Patch Assessment, how A comprehensive meta document, called MSSECURE.XML,
provides the intelligence used to analyze whether or not a patch is installed. It contains security bulletin name and title, detailed product specific security hotfixes, including: – Files in each hotfix package with their file versions and
checksums – Registry keys that were applied by the hotfix installation
package – Information about which patches supersede other patches – Related Microsoft Knowledge Base article numbers – Third party analysis of threats posed by a patch’s
vulnerability – Links to additional information from BugTraq, cross
references to CVEs, and more
Patch Deployment
Patch packaging
Wizard-based package creation
Decentralized, scalable patch distribution method
Packaged using standard technology
Patch Deployment Packaged UI
Centralized patch depolyment
Ad-hoc patch distribution
Test deploy
Patch Package – Bat File Creation
Example bat file created to install patches. Without
BindView you would have to create this manually for
every workstation and patch.
Solution considerations
Agentless Scalability Scheduling Baselining Executive reporting/view Detailed patch analysis Comprehensive pre-patch auditing Post patch verification auditing Flexible/comprehensive patch selection (critical patches) Flexible patch deployment (critical servers) Office CD central source Rollback capabilities
Common Patch Management Tools in Enterprise Environments
Microsoft Baseline Security Advisor (MBSA 1.0, 1.2)
Microsoft Software Update Service (SUS)
Microsoft Systems Management Server (SMS 2.0, 2003)
Active Directory Group Policies
Microsoft Baseline Security Advisor (MBSA 1.0, 1.2)
Designed for small to medium businesses (less than 500 machines or 1500 users
No centralized management server or reporting services
No distributed agents for data collection
Does not distribute patches
When used with SMS, developers still have to manually create patch packages
Microsoft Software Update Service (SUS)
Corporate windowsupdate.com
Does not evaluate “back office” applications such as Exchange or IIS
No reporting, only basic log analysis
No distributed agents or distribution points
Microsoft Systems Management Server
Does not specifically target security
Software deployments (including patches) must be created manually
No easy way to report on only security patch deployments
Active Directory Group Policies
Not designed for patch deployment
Cannot report on software deployments
Targeted distribution points is cumbersome. You must use multiple GPOs which is not recommended
Cannot monitor software pushes
Q&A