vortex pressure reduction station for natural gas - transmission & distributoin
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Vortex Pressure Reduction Stations Transmission & Distribution Applications(VPRS)
An application of the innovative technology of
Prepared by:Gasficient Consulting Services
2012 Universal Vortex, Inc. All Rights Reserved. UVI logo is used with permission
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Vortex PRS with Thermal Conditioning
Pressure Reduction using VPR Non-Freeze Pressure Reduction
Eliminates Pre-Heat
Thermal Conditioning after PressureReduction by Warming the Cold Flow in Ambient Air Heat Exchangers
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VORTEX TUBE (VT) PRINCIPLE
Cylindrical device to reduce the pressure(expand) pressurized gas
During pressure reduction the releasedgas undergoes mass & energy separation
Cold & hot flows form
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Indicative Example :Inlet 100 barg, 20 C, 100% of FlowHot Outlet 10 barg, 50 C, 50% of FlowCold Outlet 10 barg, -25 C, 50% of FlowAmbient Air Temperature 20 C. used to warm cold flow to 15 CRe-combined hot and cold flows 32.5 CJ-T is ~ 40 C so without Vortex Tube the combined flow would be -20 C
NB: Example is indicative and actual site specific conditions including gas specificationmust be considered
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UVI VORTEX TUBE INNOVATIONS
High thermal efficiency Application of mass & energy separation to selfheating: allows use of the Vortex Tube as a primary non-
freeze pressure reducer without pre-heat, even forhigh dew point gases
Single Outlet Vortex Tubes enhanced self heating and heat transfer
Integral heat exchanger:
Have the ability, concurrent with pressure reduction ofa primary gas stream, to heat a secondary gas stream.
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UVI VT PROCESS OPPORTUNITES
Non-freeze Pressure Reduction Pressure reduction without preheat
Dissipate/Add heat to process flow Reduce or eliminate the requirement for pre-
heating prior to pressure reduction
Provide heat or cold to a secondaryprocess flow Heat Exchanger can be configured to provide
refrigeration / cooling loads
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VPRS Basic Design
Pre-heat is not required for vortex pressurereduction as the high pressure gas undergoesnon-freeze pressure reduction in UVIsproprietary self-heating vortex tube.
After passing through the vortex tube thepressure reduced gas is warmed in a heatexchanger.
The heat exchanger is warmed by a low grade
heat source or often simply by ambient air.
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Vortex Tube Maximal Flow
Maximal flow is required for optimal mass& energy separation Flow through a vortex tube is maximal
when flow becomes critical (choked flow)at some points in the vortex tubes.
Maximal flow if the inlet:outlet pressure is~2.2:1 or greater.
Maximal flow rate is proportional to inletpressure
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Maximal Flow
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Basic Configuration
Pressure Regulator upstream of a VPR Sensing line and set for a specific VPRoutlet pressure
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Variable Pressure Regulated VPR Inlet
The variable pressure, regulated VPR inletconfiguration provides control of VPRoutlet pressure while varying the VPR inletpressure.
As the regulator responds to achieve thedownstream pressure it increases ordecreases the inlet pressure of the VPR
VPR inlet pressure will vary as required to
provide appropriate flow capacity tomaintain the downstream pressure.
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VPRS Design
Single stage vortex pressure reductionand thermal conditioning Dual outlet VPR to enhance the available
natural gas thermal conditioning Pressure regulators and VPR with a Gas
Management System result in efficientoperation throughout the range of designinlet pressures and flow rates.
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Type of Vortex Pressure Reducer
Dual stream outlet VPR (VPR-DS) are used. After non-feezepressure reduction the coldstream is thermally conditionedbefore merging with the hotstream to provide a suitabletemperature supply of gas to theFine Tune Regulator.
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Gas Management System Control
Using a GMS it is possibleto select VPR runs in anysequence as required tomatch the cumulative VPRcapacity with the requiredflow.
Comprised of on/off solenoidvalves, programmable logiccontroller (PLC), pressureand temperaturetransmitters
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VPR Runs
Assuming the minimum size VPR has acapacity of 1 and the sizes of the other requiredVPR are expressed relative to this minimumsize only 8 VPR (a through h) are required toprovide VPR capacity as a multiple of thesmallest VPR capacity 1 from 1 to 121
Flexibility to adjust the total active VPR capacityit is possible to design a VPRS for 5% through121% of the design flow
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Heat Exchangers
For ambient air a finned tube heatexchanger is recommended Gas temperature is warmed to
within 5 degrees of the ambient airtemperature as it flows through theheat exchanger
Run switching with a second heatexchanger may be required for"defrost" of the passive unit sinceice may build up due to otherwisecontinuous flow of sub-zero gas
A small heater may be used to aidthe melting
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Value Added by Using the Cold Fraction
Rather than simply "waste" the cold use itto cool a control room or instrument panel. Via heat exchanger with cold fraction a
refrigerant can be cooled....the refrigerant
can then be used for air conditioning orchilling Example 1: 1000 Sm3/hr, 100 bar to 20 bar pressure
reduction yields potential 4 tonne cooling capacity Example 2: 1000 Sm3/hr, 20 bar to 4 bar pressure
reduction yields potential 1 tonne cooling capacity
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ADVANTAGES OF UVI PRODUCTS
Thermal conditioning without an externalfuel (eg gas or electricity) Can be used in
Existing facilities retrofitting.
New facilities In addition to fuel savings, as there are nomoving or wear parts there is no routinemaintenance.
Rapid payback of investment dependingon & gas flow, pressure differential & sitecondition.
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Energy Savings & Environmental Benefits VPRS may save fuel gas equivalent to
0.2% of total flow. For 1 MMSm3/daypotential savings are: 2,000 Sm3 per day or 730,000 Sm3 annually 27000 MMBtu @ $10 = $270,000/year Carbon Dioxide 1600 Tonnes/year
Sulphur Dioxide 0.008 Tonnes Particulates 0.1 Tonnes
For a Pipeline System multiply by the dailycapacity to estimate potential savings
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Conclusion
Questions & Discussion
(VPRS are financially viable providing savings in fuelgas and greenhouse gas emissions.......clean, green and affordable)