From the Director

This has been an exciting time for TISS. Since our last newsletter, we can boast exceptionally rich programming, with a diverse mix of activities ranging from events aimed at the most up-to-the-moment top-ics (I am thinking here of the coincidence of having H.R. McMaster speak to us on the very day that the McChrystal report leaked) to deep dives on more timeless academic concerns (I am thinking here of the 50th conference on the evolution of American Grand Strategy). TISS has been able to make good use of its partnership with the new American Grand Strategy Program at Duke University, strengthening the Duke leg of the TISS stool to match our long-time partnership with PWAD at UNC. We have also deepened our engagement with NC State, but within the Arts and Sciences community and, looking to the future, beyond into the engineering departments.

The fiscal climate has been and remains a daunting one. The TISS Executive Committee has worked especially hard to preserve our core funding and we have been remarkably successful in doing so. But going forward we will need to solidify and diversify our funding base. We thank those of you who gave donations to TISS and we encourage you all to consider doing so on an ongoing basis. However, it will take more than membership support to keep TISS operating in the black and so financial devel-opment will remain a top priority for the Executive Committee, for the TISS Coordi-nator, and for myself.

The world continues to live under the Chinese curse of “interesting times.” The hourly headlines attest to the importance of the topics we research and debate. I am grateful that TISS is doing its part to contribute to the public and scholarly conversation on these topics.

At our 50th celebration this past year, we took a moment to trace our institutional roots. I was struck by a paradox. On the one hand, we have come a very far way since the days of the UNC-Duke brownbag lunch between the history and political science departments. On the other hand, we have successfully kept the original spirit of inqui-ry—diverse disciplinary perspectives wrestling with both scholarship and policy, with enough healthy disagreement to keep things interesting. Come join the conversation. I look forward to seeing you at one of the upcoming events. Peter FeaverTISS Director

Triangle Institute for Security Studies (TISS)

Volume XXIV• 2009

TISS Executive Committee (2008-2009)

Duke UniversityPeter Feaver (Director)Alex Roland

University of North Carolina at Chapel HillMark CrescenziKaren Hagemann

North Carolina State UniversityWilliam A. Boettcher Nancy Mitchell

North Carolina Central UniversityJeffrey Elliot

StaffCarolyn W. Pumphrey, Coordinator

Nicole McWhirter, Program Assistant

132 Rubenstein Hall Box 90316 302 Towerview Drive Duke University Durham, NC 27708-0316 Telephone: 919-613-9280 Fax: 919-684-9940

www.tiss-nc.org

Newsletter Contents

Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Outreach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Energy & Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1

This past academic year (2008-2009) was eventful and full of changes—we celebrated our fiftieth anniversary, struggled with the repercussions of the economic downturn, and shared in the excitement of the birth of a new program on American Grand Strategy (AGS) at Duke. We can promise you more inter-esting events in the coming months and are counting on your continuing support as we build a new program on Energy and Security based at North Carolina State University (NCSU).

Yes, we moved again. This time, however, the move was within the same building—our offices now overlook the woods behind Rubenstein Hall rather than the Sanford lawn. David Schanzer, the Director of the Triangle Center on Terrorism and Homeland Defense (TCHS), has space next to us and the Triangle Institute for Security Studies (TISS) now occupies two offices. TISS, which from an administrative point of view, is a unit within the Sanford Insti-tute for Public Policy, also experienced some changes as the Institute prepared to become a School.

The composition of the Executive Board remained constant during the academic year 2008-09. Since then, two highly valued members of the Execu-tive Committee have stepped down—Nancy Mitchell and Mark Crescenzi. Mark served as UNC representative from 2005. We owe him special thanks for helping secure TISS funding in the face of budget cuts. Nancy, NCSU representative since 2005, brought quiet common sense to the table as well as a clear vision of the importance of TISS as a bridge between the military and academia. Both will be much missed. Their place was taken this November by Akram Khater, Director of Middle East Studies, and Associate Professor of His-tory at North Carolina State University,

and Wayne Lee, Chairman of the Cur-riculum in Peace, War, and Defense and Associate Professor of History at UNC-Chapel Hill. Both have been long associ-ated with TISS: Professor Khater played an especially important role after 9/11 going on outreach missions through-out the Piedmont, and Professor Lee’s relationship dates back to his graduate student days at Duke University.

There have also been comings and goings among the staff. Michelle Koeneke left in August 2008 to attend graduate school. We are happy to report that she is having a very good time and will be awarded her Masters in Social Work this May. Nicole McWhirter accepted a joint TISS-TCHS position in November. She has accomplished the near-impossible, assuming primary responsibility for the positive deluge of events held on the Duke campus as well as for TISS finances. Carolyn Pumphrey still serves as part-time TISS Coordina-tor, although she now spends less time organizing events and more on outreach and development—a fallout of the strained economic times.

Administration

Triangle Institute for Security Studies Fellowships

As of December 2003, TISS has been offering a limited number of unpaid positions, to be awarded to deserving applicants upon the review and approval of the TISS Execu-tive Board. The TISS Fellow position does not come with specific privileges or duties, but it is a way of acknowledging the contributions of our most active members. Recipients of the award are called TISS Fellows. Any member of TISS is invited to apply. The criterion for selection will be active contribution to TISS programming, both in the past and pro-spectively. Interested members should send a letter or email to Carolyn Pumphrey outlining their past and prospective involvement in the life of the TISS community.

TISS Wickersham Scholars

Since 2000 TISS has welcomed undergraduates from univer-sities located in the Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill area who have demonstrated a serious interest in national and international security studies. They are called the Wicker-sham Scholars after a Duke alumnus (Warren Wickersham) who has generously supported undergraduate participation in our programs over the years. If you are a faculty member and know of a student who might benefit from becoming a member of our organization, please contact the TISS office. Qualifying students will be put on our list-serv and invited to our seminars and conferences, as well as some events designed particularly for undergraduates.

Nicole McWhirter

2

In Memoriam Sadly, on 12 December 2009, TISS lost one its most loyal friends and supporters. Dr. Jeffrey M. Elliot, a Professor of Political Science at North Carolina Central University, was a member of the TISS Executive Board since June 2009 and a TISS fellow since 2004. He was a fine scholar with a special talent for conducting interviews (he was, perhaps, most proud of having interviewed Fidel Castro). He was a dedicated teacher inside and outside of the classroom, working actively in the 1990s to build a Model UN program at NCCU. He was also tireless as a public servant—there will be a big void in our Speakers’ Bureau. We will miss him very much.

During academic year 2008/09 TISS brought an impressive group of speak-ers to the Triangle (83 in all, including 45 from out of town). We organized 18 events (including 2 conferences) and cosponsored 8 additional talks. Speak-ers engaged in panel discussions and in “conversations,” gave public talks, visited classrooms, and participated in confer-ences. Many of them also met informally with small groups of students (Duke AGS students and TISS Wickersham scholars) and/or faculty over dinner and/or breakfast.

Our collaborative efforts bore rich fruit this past year, both intellectually and financially. TISS members were exposed to cutting edge research in mili-tary history thanks to the excellent semi-nars organized by the Research Triangle Seminar on the “History of the Mili-tary, War, and Society.” Two graduate students presented their work: Sebastian Lukasik, Duke, (World War I) and Greg Daddis, UNC-Chapel Hill (Vietnam War). Also speaking in this series were Karen Hagemann, UNC-Chapel Hill (Gendered Experiences in German Wars against Napoleon); Michael Geyer, University of Chicago (Genocide); John Lynn, University of Illinois (Women in Early Modern Armies); Heather Perry, UNC-Charlotte (Disease, War, and Medicine); and Isabel Hull, Cornell (Military Culture and the Practices of War). Collaboration with Duke Uni-versity’s Provost’s Office, brought us the distinguished diplomatic historian Paul Kennedy, while collaboration with Duke’s Vice Provost for International Affairs, brought us another Yale histori-an, John Lewis Gaddis, as well as David Sanger, White House Correspondent for the New York Times. We also benefited from our close association with Duke’s new AGS Program. A large percentage of the events we organized (including our Fiftieth Anniversary Conference) were cosponsored by AGS and paid for, at least in part, by AGS’ generous spon-sor, Roger Hertog.

TISS took the lead organizing many

events—and these were varied indeed. We heard from distinguished schol-ars and practitioners from the United States, from the United Kingdom, and from Japan; we heard from Republi-cans and Democrats; from military and civilians; and from historians, political scientists, feminists, and anthropologists. Discussion focused sometimes on past conflicts, sometimes on contemporary security issues, and sometimes (espe-cially interesting in an election year) on predictions about the future. The events took the shape of public talks and forums, luncheon meetings, semi-nars, conversations, and conferences and were held in Chapel Hill, Raleigh, and Durham.

Talks in Chapel Hill were given by Jeremy Black, Cynthia Enloe, Kerry Fosher, Robert Albro, Jim Peacock, Christopher Dandeker, and John Prados. Professor Black, a prolific and dynamic military historian from Exeter Uni-versity, England, came to us courtesy of Rick Schneid, High Point Univer-sity, and talked to a delighted PWAD luncheon crowd about the British failure in the American War for Independence.Kerry Fosher, Maxwell School of Citi-zenship and Public Affairs and Rober Albro, American University, along with UNC’s own Jim Peacock participated in the panel discussion of anthropol-ogy’s engagement with security. World renowned feminist Cynthia Enloe, Clarke University, gave a lively talk to a packed auditorium on “Feminist Les-sons from the Iraq War.” Christopher Dandeker, War Studies, King’s College, London, led a thoughtful discussion on “Stabilization Operations,” over dinner at the Friday Center. And John Prados, National Security Archives, fielded questions from UNC students taking a class on National Security. We also held two conferences in Chapel Hill—our annual conference for graduate students in security studies (Friday Center) and our Conference on American Grand Strategy after War (Rizzo Conference Center)—as well our annual student honors presentation. (See pp. 4-6.)

Visitors to Raleigh were Piero

Gleijeses, General Noburu Yamagu-chi, and John Prados. Piero Gleijeses, a Professor at SAIS, Johns Hopkins University, shared with us the fruits of his research in Cuban archives, treating us to a very insightful talk on “Cuban Policies in Southern Africa.” General Noburu Yamaguchi, Former Comman-dant, Ground Research & Development Command, JGSDF, Japan addressed an audience at State on “National Security in East Asia.” And students in a his-tory class at NCSU got the chance to learn about the Vietnam war from John Prados, author of the highly acclaimed Vietnam: The History of an Unwinnable War, 1945-1975.

A number of TISS events were also held on the Duke campus. On October 7th, some of Peter Feaver’s students participated in an Election Debate. They showed the same level of sophisti-cation and grasp of international events that their predecessors had four years ago. Outside speakers who spoke on the Duke campus were Kurt Campbell, Michael Doran, and Bruce Bueno de Mesquita. Dr. Campbell, who directs the new Center for New American Secu-rity, brought his extensive experience in government and academia to bear on his analysis of the security chal-lenges facing the new administration. His judicious remarks were well timed, coming as they did just two days after the American presidential elections. In January, we heard a lively conversation between Bruce Bueno de Mesquita (a New York University professor famous for computer models designed to predict the outcome of international conflicts) and Michael Doran, Senior Director for Near East and North African Affairs National Security Council. The conver-sation centered on Iran—another focal point of contemporary security interests.

Programs

3

4

Conference Report

Our Ninth Annual New Faces Confer-ence, generously funded by the Bradley Foundation, was held on 5-6 September, 2008 at the Friday Center in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The event took place without a hitch but for inclement weather. There was a hurricane in the forecast which forced us to cancel Satur-day’s lunch and shift our afternoon social from Joe Caddell’s deck (which would have been just a bit too wet!) to Jim’s Famous BBQ. Attendance was good, especially before the storm set in: some seventy persons took part in the event as speakers, discussants, or attendees.

Those invited to speak included five historians and four political scientists. They spoke on a wide variety of topics. Professor Wayne Lee, UNC, who gave the final summation, noted that diversity was, perhaps, the most striking feature of this particular conference. Despite the lack of an obvious unifying theme, the participants engaged in very lively discussion. It was quite clear that they enjoyed the challenge of listening to ideas very different from their own.

The presentations offered interest-ing insights into some contemporary challenges. Historians Ed Gutierrez, Ohio State University, and Sebastian Lukasik, Duke University (both con-ducting research into WW I doughboys) got their audience to think in a more nuanced way about how war and combat shapes the social and cultural identity of soldiers and Jackie Whitt took a hard look at the compromises made by military chaplains in Vietnam. The paper by Eddie Kolla ( Johns Hopkins), on the evolution of law in the Napole-onic period, shed light on how laws of war may change in the face of terror-ism. Carolyne Davidson (Yale) read a paper which had particular relevance for current debates on a possible return of France to NATO’s military structures.

As to the political scientists, they were all working on issues of consider-able national security interest. Thomas Dolan, Ohio State University addressed the role played by emotion in the chang-

ing attitudes of wartime leaders. Keren Yarhi-Milo, University of Pennsylvania, asked how decision makers and intel-ligence communities determine the intentions of an adversary. Matthew Fehrs, Duke University, made a case that unified and hawkish governments are both significantly less likely to be militarily challenged than dovish and divided ones. And Jenna Jordan, Uni-versity of Chicago, examined when it is useful to remove leaders.

The students all got excellent feed-back for their work. Each speaker’s ideas and delivery were critiqued, first by a faculty member and then by a graduate student, one from within his/her discipline, and one from without. The comments were insightful and the students seemed well satisfied with their experiences. As Eddie Kolla wrote, “Unfortunately, we historians can stay fairly cloistered in our discipline. The “New Faces” conference was an ideal form in which to interact not only with historians with similar interests to my own, but also with political scientists and even with those involved in public policy….TISS offers an invaluable opportunity… I know of no other conference of this sort.”

As a follow up to the conference, and with the assistance of Carolyne David-son, Yale, one of the New Faces, TISS started a New Faces Facebook group. As of this point almost all those attend-ing this last event have joined, as have many of the New Faces from earlier years. This has enabled us to find out more about the successes of those who participated in the program in the past, and promises, over time, to help us forge a genuinely close community.

Carolyne Davidson

The Fifth Annual

Triangle Institute for Security Studies

UNDERGRA DUA TES

IN SECURI TY S TU DIES SENIOR THESIS Presentati ons

Cosponsored by Duke’s Program in

American Grand Strategy

Marriott Residence Inn

Chapel Hill, North Carolina April 14

th, 2009

5:45 – 9:00 pm

Program

5:45 PM Buffet Opens: Please Be Seated by 6:00 PM

6:15 PM Welcome: Peter Feaver (TISS/AGS) 6:20 PM Josh Hagar (Duke, History)

“Western Colonialism at the ‘Razor’s Edge’: Anti-Colonial Ideals and Cold War Imperatives in the Presidential Campaign Rhetoric of John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon, August-November 1960.”

6:45 PM John Bailey (Duke, Political Science)“Surface Tension: Naval Races and the Propensity for Conflict.”

7:05 PM Refill

7:15 PM Fadi Mansour (NCSU, History and Middle Eastern Studies)

“In the Shadows of Camp David: The Carter Administration, the PLO, and the Austrian Backchannel.”

7:40 PM Kevin Troy (Duke, Political Science)“Communicative Structure, Strategic Objectives, and Insurgency Choice of Suicide Tactics.”

8:05 PM Dessert Run

8:10 PM Eleanor Degolian (UNC - Peace, War, andDefense)

“Stolen Youth: Child Soldiers in Africa.”

8:35 PM Eric Lindsay (Duke - History and Public Policy) “Transformation under Two Regimes: Strategy, Force Planning, and Civilian Leadership, 1993-2003.”

8:55 PM Farewell

Untitled-1 1 1/4/10 12:15 PM

Program

5:45 PM Buffet Opens: Please Be Seated by 6:00 PM

6:15 PM Welcome: Peter Feaver (TISS/AGS) 6:20 PM Josh Hagar (Duke, History)

“Western Colonialism at the ‘Razor’s Edge’: Anti-Colonial Ideals and Cold War Imperatives in the Presidential Campaign Rhetoric of John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon, August-November 1960.”

6:45 PM John Bailey (Duke, Political Science)“Surface Tension: Naval Races and the Propensity for Conflict.”

7:05 PM Refill

7:15 PM Fadi Mansour (NCSU, History and Middle Eastern Studies)

“In the Shadows of Camp David: The Carter Administration, the PLO, and the Austrian Backchannel.”

7:40 PM Kevin Troy (Duke, Political Science)“Communicative Structure, Strategic Objectives, and Insurgency Choice of Suicide Tactics.”

8:05 PM Dessert Run

8:10 PM Eleanor Degolian (UNC - Peace, War, andDefense)

“Stolen Youth: Child Soldiers in Africa.”

8:35 PM Eric Lindsay (Duke - History and Public Policy) “Transformation under Two Regimes: Strategy, Force Planning, and Civilian Leadership, 1993-2003.”

8:55 PM Farewell

Untitled-1 1 1/4/10 12:15 PM

5

By Ionut Popescu, Duke University

On February 26-28, 2009, the Triangle Institute for Security Studies (TISS) together with

Duke University’s Program in American Grand Strategy and the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College (USAWC) held a colloquium in recog-nition of TISS’s 50th anniversary. This colloquium, which was entitled “American Grand Strategy after War,” was attended by over 120 people including government officials, members of the U.S military, members of think tanks, and both Ameri-can and international students and faculty. Participants examined efforts to develop grand strategy after World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and the Cold War, and consid-ered what grand strategies might be formulated after the end of the War in Iraq. The keynote was given by Dr. John Gaddis of Yale University on the Duke campus. Five papers were presented at the Rizzo Center, Chapel Hill, by distinguished historians and political scientists from across the country. Ten equally accomplished academicians responded to the papers.

The first panel examined the period after World War II. Historian Wilson D. Miscamble of Notre Dame presented a paper entitled “Franklin Roosevelt’s [Partially] Flawed Para- digm: Postwar Planning During World War II.” He concluded that American grand strategy towards the end of the war had a rather utopian quality. FDR’s vision for the postwar period had been based on the hope that, by building a strong personal relationship with Stalin, he would be able to “domesticate” the USSR and integrate it into his plans for a global liberal world order. The speaker argued that it was Harry Truman who had had to face the unpleasant reality of the emerging global ideological conflict with Moscow. Current strategists could learn from this: Both wartime planning and the formulation of postwar grand strategy need to be constantly reassessed in order to make sure they are still appropriate for the real-world circumstances present at the end of a conflict.

The second panel addressed the post-Ko-rean War period. The author, William Stueck, University of Georgia, concluded that the reassessment of grand strategy conducted by the Eisenhower administration had a limited impact. Eisenhower’s strategy in the end did not look much different from the contain-ment strategy formulated during the Truman administration. The more significant shift was at the level of military strategy: a growing emphasis on nuclear weapons led to a de-crease in the level of resources allocated to the conventional force.

The third panel examined the period fol-lowing the Vietnam War. Mark Moyar of the Marine Corps University discussed his paper, “American Grand Strategy after Vietnam.” The author concluded that, at the time, the debate over the appropriate Grand Strat-

egy hinged on the perceived “intent” of the Soviets and this perceived intent in its turn correlated closely with the highly polarized political ideology. Today, Professor Moyar noted, a similar ideological polarization threatens to make the debate over Grand Strategy less logical and the resulting reassessment less pragmatic.

The fourth panel addressed the period following the end of the Cold War. Jeremi Suri, a historian at University of Wisconsin-Madison, presented his paper, “ Clear Skies over the Hudson: The Promise and Failure of American Grand Strategy from the End of the Cold War to the September 11 Terrorist Attacks.” The author argued that neither George H.W. Bush nor William Jefferson Clinton succeeded in formulating a new grand strategy for the post-Cold War era, despite their conscious efforts to do so. Bush and his national security team proved competent in dealing with tactical deci-sions and managing the end of the Cold War, but they failed in their effort to move to a new paradigm. Clinton came into office determined to implement a vision of “enlargement.”His strategy argued for the spread of democracy and of free markets everywhere, but he also failed to prioritize among various objectives. Bush had process (continued on page 6)

Colloquium: American Grand Strategy After War

Wilson Miscamble Gerhard Weinberg, Panelist Richard Betts and Ole Holsti, Panelists

Alex Downes, Chair

6

Undergraduate Participation in TISS

TISS is fortunate to be an organiza-tion rooted in three fine universities. For some years now faculty members at our constituent universities have nominated undergraduates as members—these are known as the TISS Wickershams and are regularly invited to all our events. These students are also invited, on oc-casion, to meet with visitors in a more intimate setting (usually over simple meals) so that they can get a chance to interact closely with them.

Undergraduates have offered us enthusiastic assistance, which has proved indispensable especially during periods of peak activity. This past year special credit should go to Ashley Disilvestro, a Duke University political science and

history major, who did sterling service advertising and organizing many of these events.

We are especially glad that we were finally able to institute a Careers Night. The idea of this conference was origi-nally proposed by Wickersham students. Now, thanks to funding from Roger Hertog, it has become a reality. Four young alumni with jobs in the security field spoke frankly to students about how they chose their careers and what their experiences have been like. This event was so successful that it has since been repeated.

TISS continued its tradition of acknowledging the achievements of those undergraduates who completed an

honors thesis on a security-related topic. On April 14th, 2009 six talented young people were invited to speak: Josh Hagar (Duke, History); John Bailey (Duke, Po-litical Science); Fadi Mansour (NCSU, History and Middle Eastern Studies); Kevin Troy (Duke, Political Science); Eleanor Degolian (UNC-Peace, War, and Defense); and Eric Lindsay (Duke, History and Public Policy). They gave brief synopses of their work and fielded questions from about fifteen invited guests over dinner at the Marriott Resi-dence Inn (Chapel Hill).

It was a wonderful evening. Topics were varied in both approach and con-tent. We learned about the presidential campaign rhetoric of John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon; naval races; backchannel diplomacy with the PLO during the Carter Administration; sui-cide tactics; child soldiers in Africa; and contemporary strategy, force planning, and civilian leadership. The speakers gave clear and incisive presentations and fielded questions with great poise. If these young people are anything to go by, the future of security studies will be in good hands.

Ashley Disilvestro Eric Lindsay

American Grand Strategy After War (continued from page 5)

without purpose, while Clinton had purpose with-out process; both of these combinations hurt America’s strategic performance during their administrations.

The final panel addressed the period from 2003 to the present day. Sarah Kreps, a political scientist at Cornell University, presented a paper on “American Grand Strategy after Iraq.” She concluded that the United States pursued a strategy of primacy before 2006, and then switched to a “liberal internationalist” grand strategy. This, she said, is likely to be continued by the Obama administration. The author showed that, despite the perception of decline, the

United States continues to remain the foremost military and economic power in the world. She also examined how the possible “strategic constraints” of the international distribution of power, of bureaucratic friction within the government, and of U.S. public opinion could limit the range of possible grand strategies for current policymakers.

Sarah Kreps

7

Publications

As part of our fiftieth anniversary cel-ebrations, Alex Roland and Peter Feaver commissioned five scholars to write articles on American Grand Strategy following major wars. The articles have now been published: Orbis 53/4 (Au-tumn 2009): 547-645. They include ar-ticles by Wilson D. Miscamble, History, Notre Dame; William Stueck, History, Georgia-Athens; Mark Moyar, History, Marine Corps University; Jeremi Suri, History Wisconsin; and Sarah Kreps, Political Science, Cornell.

TISS also marked this seminal year by commissioning a short history of the Triangle Institute for Security Studies. This has been posted online and eventu-ally may be revised for publication. We were gratified that Frank Blazich, Jr. agreed to undertake this task. A tireless scholar and talented interviewer (now working on a doctorate at Ohio State University), Frank was a Wickersham Scholar at UNC-Chapel Hill, and then a Master’s Student at North Carolina State University (working under Nancy Mitchell). He did a splendid job ran-sacking archives which were a bit the worse for their campus to campus migra-

tions. He also interviewed many of the scholars most deeply involved with our program. Thanks to him, we now have a comprehensive account of our organization. A brief pamphlet outlining our mission and history was also compiled by TISS Coor-dinator, Carolyn Pumphrey: “From DUNC to TISS: Fifty

Years of Security Studies in the Triangle, 1958-2008.” Both of these texts are avail-able online on the TISS web site: the history at http://sanford.duke.edu/centers/tiss/about/History-Blazich-Book.php and the pamphlet at: http://sanford.duke.edu/centers/tiss/about/documents/ FromDUNCtoTISS.pdf.

Frank Blazich, Jr. and Steve Biddle participated in the 50th anniversary celebration.

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TISS: TRIANGLE INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY STUDIES

Fifty Years of Security Studies in the Triangle

From DUNC to TISS

1958 2008

This colloquium demonstrated that academic grand strate-gists are very much aware of the importance of, the need for, and situational determinants of grand strategy after the change in the strategic environment that typically follows the end of a hot or cold war. In his keynote talk, John Gaddis spoke of the need to find a cure for the “grand strategic deficit” that has

plagued U.S. foreign policy for the past twenty years. The Obama administration will surely attempt to answer this call. The participants at this colloquium generally agreed that a solid grand strategy needs to articulate U.S. nation-al interests and threats to those interests, prioritize among threats and opportunities, and address much more seriously the connection between “ends” and “means.”A sophisticated discussion of capabilities and available resources has been

unfortunately lacking from recent debates on American grand strategy. The present economic environment and the challeng-es facing the federal budget over the next couple of decades make it all the more important to better integrate economic considerations into grand strategic planning.

Alex Roland

Deciding how to mark the passing of the first fifty years of our institutional life was no easy matter. What we settled on was a fiftieth

anniversary conference that looked at American Grand Strategy since World War II. This, we thought, would capture something of the distinctive features of TISS: its 50 year history, its focus on blending history and political science and other disciplines, and its attention to topics that are of scholarly interest and urgent policy import. We commissioned a history of our organization (appropri-ately enough written by a former TISS Wickersham Scholar) and put together a short pamphlet designed to sum up our mission and accomplishments. We designed a limited edition of quite unique DUNC-TUSS-TISS mugs, featuring our venerable logo on one side and our AGS conference poster on the other. And we put together one of our most impres-sive speaker series ever.

As we charted our future direction, we thought a lot about our past and tried to put a finger on what we stood for. The very first TUSS newsletter (1984) raised the question, “What is a TUSS?” It is still not altogether easy to provide an answer. It is simple enough to cite a litany of what we do and what we have accomplished — and a pretty impressive litany it is. We are one of the oldest inter-disciplinary organizations in the nation; we have sponsored three major research projects, the one on civil-military rela-tions being perhaps the best known. We have worked successfully to bridge the divide between the military and civilian sectors. We have managed to keep going an alliance among members of three different and rival universities. We have

organized hundreds of seminars, confer-ences, and public talks, and have sent countless speakers to engage in discussion with community groups. We have helped give birth to the Curriculum in Peace, War, and Defense at UNC and AGS at Duke. We have done all these things. And yet this does not, at the end of the day, altogether seem to capture what it is that we are.

So what is a TUSS — or as we now should say — a TISS? At the dinner given in honor of our founding members, I was forcibly reminded that what gives this institution its great worth are the people associated with it. There, in that one room, in, were so many impressive individuals: Gerhard Weinberg — one of

8

Ref lections on the TISS

9

Fiftieth Anniversarythe most distinguished of modern histo-rians, ready to share his knowledge with the smallest of groups and in the hum-blest of settings; Joe Caddell, first TUSS fellow, hopeless bibliophile and gifted teacher, making security studies and mili-tary history come alive in classrooms in Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill; Alex Roland, a true Roppian, excited about ideas and rigorous in his scholarship; Tim McKeown, wise and caring; Charles Carlton, who stepped with such energy into the breach after 9/11; Carolyne Da-vidson, a brilliant Yale graduate student and one of our most recent New Faces speakers; Heather Messera, not many years ago a volunteer at TISS, now a hard charging Senior Research Assistant at Brookings; and Frank Blazich, our very own TISS historian. And there, too, were Dick Kohn and Peter Feaver, gently ribbing one another as is their wont — two fine scholars who see the world with very different eyes, yet are always respectful of the other’s viewpoints.

We are fortunate to have had the sup-port of these men and women and so many more like them: all thoughtful and dedicated people, genuinely open minded, willing to cross intellectual boundaries, and to put partisan affiliations aside, all acutely aware that the study of national and international security is of vital importance.

I first became part of TISS in the 1980s when I was a young college professor teaching in Alabama who wanted to know more about security affairs. On my visits back home (I had been a graduate student at Duke), I found myself drawn to the conferences at Quail Roost — an old farm set amidst beautiful rolling hills and pine trees, and bright with periwin-kles. The combination of the peaceful sur-roundings and thoughtful, non-polemical

discussion was irresistible. In the late 1990s, on my return to North Carolina, I joined TISS as a post-doc. Now, after nearly a dozen years working with the organization, I still feel a deep affection for it. I do not know what the future will hold, but I do know that I will always be thankful for the opportunity to have been part of TISS and to have served its members. So, here is a toast: To you all and to the next fifty years!

Carolyn PumphreyTISS Coordinator

Outreach

The TISS Speakers’ Bureau contin-ues to be the mainstay of TISS outreach activities. This past year our office was contacted by retirement communi-ties, community colleges, schools, civic groups, radio stations, model United Nations organizations, and our friends at World View. In all, 39 talks were orga-nized on their behalf. Our speakers came from a variety of institutions—Duke, North Carolina State, University, UNC-Chapel Hill, East Carolina University, Wake Forest University, NC Central University, Meredith, the Army War College, Amnesty International, and the State Department. They included academics with degrees in history, politi-cal science, horticultural sciences, and communication studies, as well as men and women who had seen service in the diplomatic service, the intelligence services, and the military.

The topic which dominated public

interest was conflict in Middle East. Speakers were asked at times to deal with the problems of this region in general and at times to focus on specific countries: Iran, Iraq, Israel, Palestine, and Egypt. Also very much on the public mind was terrorism and counterterror-ism, events in Pakistan and Afghanistan, and the “new” security: energy, the global economy, and the food crisis. TISS speakers were also asked to talk about national security in general, human rights, Cuba, the work of ambassadors, and the role of the media. The majority of requests were for speakers on current issues. However, history was not entirely neglected: the public remains eager to commemorate pivotal events of the two World Wars and talks were given on the 1918 Armistice and Pearl Harbor. Interest was also shown in past events which shed light on contemporary problems. We were asked to provide speakers to address medieval intelligence; medieval Muslim and Christian attitudes

towards warfare; and the Kennedy Administration’s “baptism by fire” in Laos, Congo, and Vietnam.

Those called upon to speak this year were (from North Carolina State University) Akram Khater, Marvin Soroos, George Wilson, David Gilmar-tin, and Carolyn Pumphrey; (from UNC-Chapel Hill) Joe Caddell, Dave Griffiths, Tim McKeown, Gerhard Weinberg, Christian Lundberg, and Peter Coclanis; (from Duke University) Peter Feaver and David Schanzer; from other universities: Jalil Roshandel, Sarah Lischer, Jeffrey Elliot, Allen Burris, and Robin Dorff; from the State Department Curt Jones, Michal Cotter, Frank Crigler, and Henry Mattox; and from Amnesty International, Tom Parker. Thanks go, however, not only to these, but to all who agreed to be part of the Speakers Bureau—some thirty men and women in all.

Plans

The fall semester has already come and gone—and we have enjoyed many rewarding events, including our Tenth Annual New Faces conference, a mag-nificent talk by Fareed Zakaria, a faculty seminar given by UNC’s own Navin Bapat, and a whole host of others.

The Spring Semester should be equally busy—we especially encourage you to register for the April conference at Hyde Hall on “War and Military Op-erations.” This conference is the result of several years of collaboration between UNC’s Curriculum in Peace, War, and Defense, and King’s College, London. It will bring to Chapel Hill a truly remark-able group of people, including Generals Mattis, Chiarelli, Dunlap, Myers, and McMaster, Sir Lawrence Freedman, and Hugh Strachan, to name but a few. The focus of the discussion—civil military relations—is one which has long been a centerpiece of the interest of TISS, and we expect a thoughtful and meaningful discussion.

10

To find a list of our future offerings and to register for the War and Military Opera-tions conference, log on to the TISS web site: www.tiss-nc.org.

The journal's URL is: http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/

Email: editor@americandiplomacy.org Affiliated with TISS

Electronic Journal American Diplomacy TISS invites its members to log on, sample the journal, critique its contents, and submit their ideas, opinions, commentaries, and article or book review proposals to "American Diplomacy."

The journal's URL is: http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/

Email: editor@americandiplomacy.org Affiliated with TISS

Electronic Journal American Diplomacy TISS invites its members to log on, sample the journal, critique its contents, and submit their ideas, opinions, commentaries, and article or book review proposals to "American Diplomacy."

Energy and Security

This coming spring (2010) the Triangle Institute for Security Studies will launch an initiative on Energy and National/International Security. We will be working in collaboration with a variety of Schools and Colleges at North Carolina State University—The School of Public and International Affairs, The College of Humanities and Social Sci-ences, The College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the College of Engi-neering. We decided to root this pro-gram at North Carolina State University

because of the university’s tradition of excellence in technology and because of the interesting energy research that is being done on campus. We hope that the program will come to serve as an anchor for TISS at NC State in much the same way that Curriculum in Peace, War, and Defense (PWAD) has long done at UNC, and American Grand Strategy (AGS) is beginning to do at Duke. At the same time, we want to involve faculty and students from all our constituent universities and plan to take advantage of the many organizations in the Triangle area that are working on solutions to our energy problems.

This initiative is driven by the con- viction that one of the major challenges facing the modern world is how to meet our energy needs in a complex political environment. The demand for energy is a driving force on the international arena, influencing the policies of states, pro- viding political leverage for those who control energy supplies, and causing conflict and even war. Conflict and war, in their turn, have a profound impact on our ability to get access to energy.

Because energy security is so vital to

our national interests, the United States has been making a concerted effort to diversify. However, every choice we make when it comes to energy—be it oil, gas, bio-fuels, nuclear, or alternative energy—has security implications. We need to be alert to possible outcomes: Will efforts to free ourselves from de-pendence on foreign oil destabilize the Middle East? If we resist the temptation to drill for gas at home, will we put rev-enues in the hands of governments that control gas reserves—governments that are for the most part less than demo-cratic (and thus arguably less peaceful)?

Will a nuclear renaissance solve one set of security concerns—those generated by climate change and environmental degradation but create others—pro-liferation of nuclear weapons? Will development of bio-fuels trigger soaring prices, world hunger, and conflict? Or, on a more positive note, can the sharing of new energy technologies be a tool for peace-building?

These complex linkages between energy and security are not as yet well understood. The TISS/NCSU initiative will help ensure that young people pre- paring for careers in the energy field will see more clearly how their work will affect the well-being of the world com- munity. It will also promote greater public understanding of how domestic energy needs affect and are affected by broader concerns. This will create a constituency for more effective energy policies. And it will promote dialogue and foster collaborative research between technical and policy experts. This kind of exchange is essential if we are to find creative answers to our energy challenges.

We have already taken some steps towards achieving our goal: a number

of scholars with an interest in the “new” security have been invited to speak on campus this spring. Dr. Man Sung Yim (nuclear engineering) is collaborating with Bill Boettcher, Mark Nance, and Michael Struett, to develop a course on nuclear safeguards—primarily technical in nature, but with a policy component. The goal of this course is to encourage social scientists and engineers to better understand each other’s “culture,” to get them to appreciate the risks surround-ing the development of nuclear power, and to introduce them to some of the mechanisms by which these risks might be minimized. We will also begin planning for a regional conference on “Energy and Security,” to be held in spring 2011. This will bring within its purview the whole range of energy sources.

Over the course of the coming year, we plan to build a network of interested scholars, refine our strategy, and seek funding for our initiative. We will ex-plore the feasibility of designing energy-related courses (and eventually, perhaps, certificate programs) at North Carolina State University. We will also look into the feasibility of organizing annual summer short-courses in the Triangle. We will work to find creative ways to encourage public interest in the sub-ject—most likely by a combination of public forums (if possible aired on radio or television) and by developing a web portal at NCSU on Energy and Security. Here we would post information about new technologies and invite discussion about their security implications. Finally, we will explore avenues for energy-related research that focuses on bringing together scholars from both the technical and the policy communities.

If any of you have an interest in this topic and wish to share in the endeavor, please let us know. This is an exciting venture but one which will only succeed if we are able to draw on the imagina-tion, skills, and dedication of all of you. With your assistance, we believe that TISS can help solve one of the more challenging security problems of our time.

11

Triangle Institute for Security StudiesDuke University Box 90316 Durham, NC 27708-0316

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