NGV & refuelling components trade reviews

Volume III Number 15 February 2008

IndonesiaPetrol stations inJakarta to offer CNG

Torino 20082nd World Fair ofNGVs, Biogas & H2Vsin September

CNG: No Limits

February 20082

Summary

04 Refuelling station provision as a key success to NGV adoption

Our industry recorded almost 80 yearsof NGV adoption in vehicle fleets asItaly employed NGVs during the 30’sand since the introduction of CNG ...

16 Investment in CNG refuellinginfrastructure and network

Following this issue’s main editorial in this magazine, Refuellingstation provision as a key success toNGV adoption, below are further ...

24

27 No plan for lower fuel rationin Myanmar

28 Ten percent price increasefor CNG in Pakistan

30 Indian NGV industry estimatesfor end 2007 statistics

31 Promote and introduce your products in April 2008

32 Market Expansion

35 2nd World Fair of NGVs,Biogas and H2Vs

38 NGV statistics: 4,600 NGfuelling stations in Asia

Copies Distribution

Hundreds of gasoline stationsto offer CNG in Jakarta city

Asian NGV Communications is a publicationof NGV Communications Group, publishinghouse and fairs-conferences organizer: www.ngvgroup.comIn Europe, we print The Gas Vehicles Report,GVR, and www.ngvguide.com, theInternational NGV Guide. In Argentina, the Group publishes PrensaVehicular, Argentine CNG Guide, maps,books and brochures while in Brazil, Folhado GNV, Brazilian NGV Guide, maps andposters, among others. In Peru PrensaVehicular Peru. More info: www.ngvgroup.comThe signed articles are exclusive responsibility ofthe authors, as well as advertising companies andagencies are responsible for the published ads.

300-5, Changchon-Ri ■ Namsan-MyunChuncheon-Si ■ Kangwon-Do ■ 200-911 Tel. and fax.: +82 33 260 3419

+31 20 420 1076asia@ngvgroup.com ■ www.asiangv.com

Vicolo Gonzaga 13 ■ 46045 Marmirolo (Mn)Tel.: +39 0376 294055info@thegvr.com ■ www.thegvr.com

Uspallata 711 ■ CP 1268 ■ Capital FederalTel./Fax: +54 11 43074559 /5201/ 43006137 info@prensavehicular.comwww.prensavehicular.com

is member of the ANGVA (Asia Pacific NGV Association)

20 NGV and refuelling station component trade reviews

We dedicate this first 2008 edition ofAsian NGV Communications to theexport-import world of NGV and NGrefuelling station components ...

We print and mail to 24countries about 4.000 copiesaddressed to governmentalrelated offices, OEM and Oil& Gas companies, associations, related NGVindustries, refuelling stations,workshops and suppliers,according the following list(some figures rounded):Armenia: 0.3%Australia: 4.1%Azerbaijan: 0.2%Bangladesh: 5.0%China: 10.9%Egypt: 1.9%India: 9.5%

Indonesia: 1.6%Iran: 7.0%Israel: 0.1%Japan: 10.2%Korea: 5.1%Malaysia: 6.6%Myanmar: 0.5%New Zealand: 1.0%Pakistan: 11.4%Philippines: 3.6%Russia:4.3%Singapore: 3.1%Taiwan: 0.2%Thailand: 5.8%Turkey: 5.5%United Arab Emirates: 2.1%Vietnam: 0.1%

In addition, the magazine issent to over 19.300 readersin 94 countries

by e-mail (.pdf) and is also onlinein www.ngvgroup.comIf your NGV business is in Asia,advertise with us.

Asian NGV Communications300-14, Changchon-Ri,Namsan-Myun, Chuncheon-Si, Kangwon-Do,200-911 KOREATel : +31 20 420 1076Tel : +82 33 260 3419e-mail: asia@ngvgroup.com

Av. Brasil 3222 oficina 403 - AMagdalena del Mar - RUC: 20513085576CP: Lima 17- peru@prensavehicular.co

PERU

KOREA

ITALY

ARGENTINA

BRASIL

Av. Rio Branco, 131 Sala 1.701CEP: 20040-006 Rio de Janeiro - RJTel: + (55 21) 2215-0799 ■ + (5521) 2232-6798info@folhadognv.com ■ www.folhadognv.com

Printed: Rigraph S.R.L.• Constitución 4, 28.511 Madrid - España• Tilcara 3.146, Buenos Aires

February 20084

Our industry recorded almost 80 yearsof NGV adoption in vehicle fleets as Italyemployed NGVs during the 30’s andsince the introduction of CNG stationand 76 trucks in Russia by the end ofthe 30s. Since then, the main questionof NGV adoption remains the same:What should come first, the vehicles orthe refuelling facilities? This so-calledchicken egg question has beenanswered by many countries with theirexemplary experiences. Peter Boisen,Chairman of the previous NGVAssociation for Europe, said recentlythat the answer to the question is refuelling station, of which a sufficientnetwork must be in place first. Thus, investment in refuelling sector isprior to the successful wide acceptanceof NGVs, and crucial for the mass-adoption in private vehicle owners.

Within the biggest NGV countries in theworld, all of them have a large numberor a good network of refuelling facilities.Pakistan, Argentina, and Brazil havemore than 1,500 refuelling stationseach. These top-3 countries, home to62% of world’s total NGVs of 4.8Munits vehicles, possess 41% of theworld’s NG refuelling stations. Iran, Italy,India, and China follow with 200 -600stations each. Strong governmentendorsement and mandates encouragethe adoption of NGVs in each countryabove, plus investment in gas infrastructureand refuelling network sector. These,along with realistic target to increase thenetwork, have created confidence forNGV/station equipment suppliers andworkshops to enter those markets.

Several example countries have startedNGV activities by focusing on a wideNGVs adoption in one major city, with asuccess. Public transport and commercial vehicles fleets are the firsttargets. After a sufficient number of NGfuelling facilities was in place, privatecar owners switched their cars toNGVs. Beijing and New Delhi are #1NGV city in China and India respectively. Beijing city in China andDelhi city in India each claimed to havethe world’s largest city NG bus fleet.Karachi is home to about 50% of NGVsin Pakistan. Those three cities are the

busiest and/or biggest and/or mostimportant cities in each country.Success in those cities is followed byconfidence in other cities to alsoemploy NGV in their public and commercial vehicle fleets. Seoul inSouth Korea and Bangkok in Thailandhave also set examples for other cities.

In China, local gas distributors andfuelling station owners are competing toadd more and more CNG refuelling networks followed by numerous localcompanies that manufacture cylindersand NGV. A lot of foreign companiesopen their subsidiaries and/or servicecentres in this country. In Xi’an cityalone, it is expected that 80 CNG stations will be available to serve 24,000NGVs by 2010, of which 56 stations and12,880 were already in operation inDecember 2007.

Indian Secretary of the Ministry ofPetroleum and Natural Gas, M SSrinivasan, announced by end 2007 that20 major cities in India would be equippedwith CNG dispensing stations by 2010 asper a directive from the Supreme Court.This will enable 45% of vehicles in thecountry to be powered by CNG.

As oil prices are growing despite ofIran’s policy to keep the price artificiallylow, the government issued gasolinerationing policy in June 2007. Iran aimsto end the rationing policy by March2009 and instead, keeps encouragingmore NGVs use. President Ahmadinejadhad ordered gas companies to ensurethe realisation of the operation of 1,800CNG stations by March 2009.

With the implementation of the nextANGVA 2009 exhibition and conferencein Donghae city, in Korea, a greatergrowth in NGV and refuelling stationpopulation is expected by many KoreanNGV/station equipment manufacturersand the government.

Thai Energy Minister PiyasvastiAmaranand has announced thatThailand and Indonesia have signed anagreement on energy cooperationwhich soon will allow Thailand to buynatural gas from the Natuna field in

Indonesia. The state gas and oil companyPTT expects 420 NG stations will be inservice by end 2008 and 740 by 2010.

As Pakistani state-owned gas utilitiesstruggle to keep pace with the risingdemand for NG, the marketing companies dealing in LPG are trying toprovide customers with an alternative.However, about 700 licences for theopening of new CNG stations havebeen released by the 4th quarter of lastyear. The country already had over1,700 CNG stations by end 2007. In last few decades natural gas hasassumed more than 50% share in thebasket of total energy consumption.Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad and someother cities faced fuel shortage due toa political situation last December.Gasoline and CNG stations wereclosed, also because some stationswere set to fire during a riot. However,by 31st December, it was announcedthat CNG supply was not a problembecause the stations were connectedto a natural gas mainline which transfers fuel to the stations. The supplycan, however, be suspended if themainline is cut off to protect it fromattacks.

Adnoc Distribution in UAE will install 11CNG stations plus 8 conversion workshops in Abu Dhabi and 5 workshops in Sharjah by the end of2008. Competent authorities haveannounced their plans to convert 20%of the government fleet to NGVs by 1st

January 2012. About 30 gasolinefuelling stations capable of deliveringCNG throughout the UAE have beenproposed by 2012. EnvironmentAuthority-Abu Dhabi plans to studyreduction of registration fees or renewalof licenses of firms if they possess NGVfleets.

The Jakarta city bylaw in Indonesiarequires installation of NG pumps atevery fuelling station. Three big oil & gasdistributors -Pertamina, Shell andPetronas- have agreed to provide NGdispensing units in their existing gasoline stations. Also, the state gasdistributor, PGN, will build 77 CNG stations by 2009.

Refuelling station provision as a key success to NGV adoption

February 20086

天然气汽车成功普及的关键--加气站建设从上世纪30年代算起—— 意大利开始应用天然气汽车，俄罗斯兴建压缩天然气加注站并引入76辆天然气卡车——

天然气汽车产业已经发展近80年了。然而，至今围绕天然气汽车普及的一个关键性问题未曾改变过：哪个应该优先发展——

车还是站？很多国家通过实践经验很好地回答了这类“先有鸡还是先有蛋”的问题。前欧洲天然气汽车协会主席 Peter

Boisen近日表示：若想成功普及天然气汽车，应该先进行加注站网络的建设。因此，天然气汽车广泛被接受的前提是对加注

站的投资，而这对天然气汽车在私家车领域的普及至关重要。

但凡天然气汽车发展大国都拥有着广泛的加气站网络。巴基斯坦、阿根廷和巴西各有着超过1500座的加气站。作为世界

天然气汽车保有量的前三甲，它们拥有480万辆天然气汽车，占世界天然气汽车总数的62%，而加气站数量为世界总数的41%。

伊朗、意大利、印度和中国紧随其后，每个国家都建有200-

600座加气站。政府的大力支持是上述国家加气站建设完善的重要因素，此外，还有不断增长的燃气基础设施和网络建设的投

资。在所制定目标的指导下，各国的天然气汽车及加气站设备供应商纷纷增强了信心积极进入这一市场。同样基于上述原因

，亚洲其它国家，诸如韩国和泰国，也都获得了一定的成功并显示出发展的好势头。

多个国家已经成功地在主要城市进行了大面积地天然气汽车普及，而公共交通用车和商用车成为了天然气汽车推广的首

选范围。在建成了足够的加气站后，私家车也开始转向天然气汽车。新德里是印度拥有天然气汽车最多的城市。德里拥有世

界上最大的天然气出租车队。而中国北京也拥有世界上最大的天然气公交车队。卡拉奇的天然气汽车数量为巴基斯坦全国的

一半。这三座城市分别是各国最大、最繁荣、以及最重要的城市。其它城市因为受这些主要城市的带动也对天然气汽车的应

用树立起信心。韩国的汉城和泰国的曼谷都成为了各自国家天然气汽车推广的样板城市。

在中国，燃气分销商和加气站经营者积极扩建压缩天然气加气站网络，而同时越来越多的本土公司开始涉足气瓶和天然

气汽车的制造。很多国外厂商也在中国设立分公司及服务中心。仅西安一座城市，预计2010年将有80座加气站投入使用，满

足24,000辆天然气汽车的加气需要，截至2007年12月，已经有56座加气站和12,880辆天然气汽车正在运营了。

印度石油和天然气工业部秘书长Srinivasan

去年12月称，到2010年，印度的20座主要城市将出现压缩天然气加气站，这已成为出自最高法院的法令。这意味印度车辆中

的45%将是天然气汽车。

尽管伊朗一直在调节石油价格，但是其价格仍在看涨，于是，去年6月伊朗出台了汽油配给政策。伊朗计划在2009年3月

停止汽油配给政策，同时大力推动天然气汽车普及。伊朗总统Ahmadineiad已经要求燃气公司必须保障到2009年3月全国1800

个加气站能够正常运营。

随着2009年亚太天然气汽车大会在韩国Donghae市举行，韩国的天然气汽车制造商、设备制造商和加气站供应商，以及政

府都对本国天然气汽车产业的发展充满了期许。

泰国能源部部长Piyasvasti

Amaranand宣布泰国和印尼签署了一份能源合作协议，该协议称，泰国在不久就可以购买产自印尼Natuna的天然气。国有燃气

和石油公司PTT预计，到2008年将有420座加气站投入运营，而2010年这一数字将变为720座。

在巴基斯坦，国有燃气公司全力满足天然年国内需求的同时，LPG销售公司正在为顾客提供另一种选择。然而，去年到第

四季度时，全国已经发出了约700个天然气加气站经营许可证。到2007年底，巴基斯坦已拥有1700个天然气加气站。过去几十

年中，天然气占了巴基斯坦能源总消费量的50%以上。去年12月，由于政治局势所致，卡拉奇、拉哈尔、伊斯兰堡等城市遭遇

了燃料短缺。同时，也由于暴乱的原因，很多加油站和加气站关闭了。然而，到12月底，政府宣布天然气燃料的供应不成问

题，因为加气站与主要燃气运输管道相连接。除非为了保护主要管道免于破坏，否则燃气供应不会中止。

到2008年底，阿联酋的Adnoc公司将在阿布扎比兴建11座压缩天然气加气站和8个车辆改装厂，在Shariah建5个改装厂。

相关政府部门宣布，到2012年1月1日，政府车辆的20%将是天然气汽车。到2012年，全国将有30座油气综合加注站建成。阿布

扎比环境部计划研究对使用天然气汽车的公司减免注册费并续发许可证。

印尼首都雅加达规定加油站必须配有天然气加注设施。三大油气公司Pertamina, Shell

以及Petronas已经同意在各自的加油站内增设加气设施。同时，到2009年，该国的国有燃气经销商PGN将建成77座加气站。

February 20088

이탈리아가 1930년대에 NGV를 사용했었고러시아에서도 1930년대 말까지 76대의 NGV 트럭과충전소가 소개되었던 것으로 볼 때 자동차 시장에 NGV가채택된 것은 거의 80년을 기록하고 있다. 그때 이후 NGV 채택의 주요 쟁점은 항상 같은 문제로남아 있다 : 차가 먼저냐? 충전소가 먼저냐?소위 닭이 먼저냐 달걀이 먼저냐 와 같은 이 질문은 많은나라에서 그들의 전형적인 경험에 비추어 답변되고 있다. 전 유럽 NGV협회 의장이었던 Peter Boisen은 최근 이질문에 대한 답으로 “충분한 네트워크를 갖춘 충전설비의사전 확보“가 될 것이라고 말한 바 있다. NGV를 성공적으로, 광범위하게 보급시키기 위해서는충전 분야로의 투자가 우선시 되어야 하며 이 또한개인차량 소유자들을 대량 끌어들일 있는 결정적인 요소가될 것이다.

전 세계적으로 가장 큰 NGV 국가들을 보면 모두공통적으로 충전설비의 조직망이 잘 갖추어져 있거나 그수가 많다. 파키스탄, 아르헨티나, 브라질은 각 나라마다 1,500개이상 충전소를 갖고 있다. 이 상위 3개국은 전 세계 모든 NGV의 62%인 4.8M대의 차량을 보유한 나라이며, 전 세계 NG 충전소의41%를 소유하고 있는 국가들이다. 이란, 이탈리아, 인도와 중국이 각각 200 - 600개의충전설비를 갖추며 그 뒤를 잇고 있다. 정부의 강력한 지지가 위 각 나라에서 NGV의 도입을장려하고 있으며 가스의 인프라구조와 충전 네트워크분야로의 투자 까지도 장려하고 있다. 충전소 네트워크를 증대시키는 현실적 목표에 따라진행되는 이러한 일들은 NGV 시장에 들어오려고 하는NGV/충전소 설비 공급업자나 공장에 투자의 확신을 주게되었다. 한국, 태국과 같은 다른 아시아국가들도 위와 같은 이유로성공적이면서도 잠재적인 성장을 보이고 있다.

몇 몇 본보기가 될 만한 국가들은 우선 한 주요 도시에NGV를 대량 도입하는데 중점을 둠으로써 성공적인NGV 활동을 시작하였다. 대중교통과 상업용 차량 시장은 첫 번째 목표 대상이다.충분한 NG충전소를 갖추고 난 후에야 개인차량소유자들은 그들의 차를 NGV로 바꾸었다. 중국에서는 베이징이, 인도에서는 뉴델리가 각각 그 나라최고의 NGV 도시이다. 델리는 현재 세계에서 가장 큰CNG city-taxi 시장을 갖추고 있다. 중국의 베이징과인도의 델리는 세계에서 가장 큰 NG 버스 시장을확보하려고 서로 맞서고 있다. 파키스탄의 카라치시는 그 나라 NGV의 50%를 보유한도시이다. 이 세 도시들은 각 나라에서 가장 바쁘고, 크고, 가장중요한 도시이다. 이러한 도시들의 성공 사례는 뒤이어 다른 도시들이대중교통과 상업용 차량 시장에 NGV를 채택할 수 있도록자신감을 주었다. 한국에서는 서울이, 태국에서는 방콕이 이미 다른도시들의 본보기로 자리 잡았다.

중국에서는 실린더와 NGV를 제조업체가 방대해짐에따라 지역가스 배급업자와 충전소 주인들이 더 많은 CNG네트워크를 늘리기 위해 경쟁하고 있다. 많은 외국기업들이 중국에 그들의 자회사와 서비스 센터를 열고있다. 2007년 12월 현재 56개의 충전소로 12,880대의NGV에 연료를 공급해주고 있는 시안시(Xi'an city)만이2010년까지 80개의 CNG 충전소로 24,000대의NGV에 연료공급이 가능하게 될 것으로 기대하고 있다.

인도의 석유 및 천연가스부 장관 MS Srinivasan은2007년 말경에 대법원의 지시에 따라 2010년까지인도에 있는 20개의 주요도시가 CNG 공급소를 갖추게될 것이라고 발표하였다. 이 발표는 인도 차량의 45%가CNG로 움직이게 될 것이라는 것을 가능하게 해 준다.

인위적으로라도 유가를 낮게 유지해왔던 이란 정책에도불구하고 유가가 오름에 따라 이란 정부는 2007년 6월휘발유 정량 할당제를 발표했다. 이란은 정량 할당제를2009년 3월까지 끝내는 대신 꾸준히 NGV사용을장려하고 있다. Ahmadinejad 대통령은 2009년3월까지 1,800개의 CNG 충전소 운영을 현실화시키는데주력하도록 가스 회사에 지시하였다.

한국에서 2009 동해 ANGVA 전시 총회가 실현됨에따라 한국의 많은 NGV/충전 설비 업체와 정부에 의해NGV와 충전소 인구가 크게 성장 할 것으로 기대된다.

태국 에너지장관 Piyasvasti Amarand는 태국이인도네시아 Natuna 지역으로부터 천연가스를 살 수있도록 하는 에너지 협약서에 두 나라가 서명했다고발표하였다. 국영 가스 및 석유 기업인 PTT는 2008년 말까지420개를, 2010년까지는 740개의 NG충전소가서비스를 제공할 것이라고 예상하고 있다.

파키스탄의 국영 가스 기업체들이 증가하는 NG의수요를 맞추려고 애쓰고 있고, LPG와 맞서는 마케팅회사가 있다는 것은 고객들에게 대안을 제공하기 위해노력하고 있다는 것이다. 파키스탄은 이미 2007년 말까지 1700개 이상의 CNG충전소가 있음에도 불구하고 지난해 4/4분기에 700개의새로운 CNG 충전소를 오픈하도록 허가증을 내주었다. 지난 이 삼십 년간 천연가스는 총 에너지 소비량의50%을 넘게 차지하고 있는 것으로 추정되고 있다. . 카라치(Karachi), 라오스(Lahore),이슬라마바드(Islamabad)와 몇몇 도시들은 지난 12월정치적 상황으로 인해 연료부족에 직면하였다. 그 소동이 있는 동안 몇 충전소들이 불이 나는 등의이유로 가솔린과 CNG 충전소들이 문을 닫았다. 하지만 12월 31일경 연료를 공급하는 천연가스주요노선이 충전소와 연결되어 있기 때문에 CNG공급에는 문제가 없을 것이라는 것이 발표되었다. 그러나 만약 그 폭동으로부터 보호하기 위해 주요라인을절단했었다면 공급이 중단될 수도 있었다.

UAE의 Adoc Distribution은 2008년 말까지아부다비(Abu Dhabi)에 11개 CNG충전소외 8개 개조공장을, 샤자(Sharjah)에는 5개 공장을 설치할 것이다. 합법적인 공공사업기관은 2012년 1월 1일까지 정부의차량 20%를 NGV로 개조할 계획이 있다는 것을발표하였다. UAE 전역에 CNG를 공급할 역량이 있는 30개의 가솔린주유소가 2012년까지 그 역할을 수행할 것을 제안 받았다. 아부다비(Abu Dhabi)환경 당국은 NGV차량을 갖고있는 회사들에게 허가증 갱신비나 등록비를 감소시켜주는방안을 연구할 계획이다.

인도네시아 자카르타시(Jakarta city)의 조례는 모든주유소에 NG펌프의 설치하도록 요구하고 있다. 3대 오일, 가스 공급업체인 Petramina, Shell,Petronas는 기존의 휘발유 주유소에 NG 공급 장치를설치하는 것에 동의하였다. 국영 가스 공급업체인 PGN 또한 2009년까지CNG충전소 77개를 설치할 것이다.

NGV 도입의 성공적 비결은 충전소 준비

February 200810

補給スタンドの設定は,GNVを燃料として導⼊する際におい て重要なカギである我々のこの企業は，イタリアが，1930年に天然ガス可動⾃動⾞を導⼊し，そしてロシアがこの年末にガス補給スタンドを設置しトラック76台を導⼊して以来，GNVを燃料して取り⼊れて80年が，経過しました。そして当時以来，GNV選択の際の主な疑問は，常時変わっていません＝ガス可動⾃動⾞が先か？それともガス補給スタンドが優先か？ということです。この卵か鶏かというジレンマは，多国の経験のモデルを以って解決されました。PeterBoisen（ヨウロッパGNV協会会⻑）は，最近この質問に対し”補給スタンドの設置”と燃料補給所の網羅の拡⼤の必要性を強調しました。

このようにGNV可動⾃動⾞の導⼊は，補給スタンド設定以前でありべき，そして個⼈ガス可動⾃動⾞使⽤者にとって重要なこととなっております。世界のGNVの成⻑率の⾼い国々では，多数の補給スタンドと良質のガスパイプを所有しております。パキスタン，アルゼンチンとブラジルは，それぞれ1500件の補給スタンドを所有しており，この3⼤重要国は，世界GNV使⽤⼈⼝４千8百万の62％を占め，全世界の補給スタンドの41％となっております。それに続いてイラン，イタリア，インドそして中国それぞれ２００件から６００件となっております。前記の国々は，政府と法的援助を受け補給スタンドとその他の施設への投資も窺われます。

これらは，現実性を帯びるパイプ網拡⼤の指標とともにGNVキッドの提供者そしてガス可動切り換え⼯場にとっての将来性が確⽴されました。韓国とタイ等，アジアの他国でも⾼成⻑を占め，前記で⽰したとうりの将来性がみえます。多国の先駆国は，主な都市に焦点を当てこの種の⾃動⾞を導⼊しGNVに関する企業を開始し有益な結果を得ました。第1の⽬標として公衆運送⾞群と商業⽤⾃動⾞群，そして充分な補給スタンド設定の後，個⼈ガス可動⾃動⾞使⽤者も，GNV分野に進⼊しました。ニュウデリ-市は，インドで天然ガス可動⾃動⾞⼈⼝ナンバ-1で，この市は，現在GNV可動タクシ-群は，世界で最⼤であります。地球上最⼤ガス可動バス群は，中国の北京に存在しています。パキスタンのカラチ市では，存在する⾃動⾞の約50％がガス可動で⾛⾏しております。この3⼤都市は，それぞれの国々で最も繁栄し且つ⼤きく重要な存在であります。これらでの地域でのこの企業の成功は，他の都市にとってGNVを公衆運送群⼜は，商業⽤⾃動⾞群導⼊する際に信⽤性を与えました。韓国のソウル市，タイのバンコックについても同じことがいえます。

中国では，現地のガス配給者とガス補給スタンド主等は，補給スタンド施設増⼤に必⾄であり，それが現地企業のシリンダ-製造者やGNV可動⾃動⾞⼯場等を刺激しています。多数の外国企業は，⼦会社やアフタ-サ-ビス店を開店いたしました。シアン市だけでも過去2007年度当時ガス可動⾞12880台，補給スタンド56件に加え将来2010年度までにガス可動⾞24000台と補給スタンド80件が，開設される⾒込です。

インドの⽯油-天然ガス省の事務局は，最⾼裁の議決により2007年度の末，インドの主な20都市において2010年度までには，補給スタンドを設置する旨を表明しました。この事は，この国で，⾃動⾞⼈⼝の45％がガスで⾛⾏することになります。

イラン政府は，原油上昇くいとめる⼯作にもかかわらず2007年度に省エネルギ-のプラン発表しました。イランは，このプランを2009年度の3⽉までに実地させその後，天然ガスの消費を奨励するでしょう。Ahmadinejad⼤統領は企業等に対し，2009年度の3⽉までに1800件の補給スタンドを開店を実施するよう指令しました。

2009年度，韓国のドンハエ市で開催されるANGVA⼤会と展⽰会は，ガス可動可能器具類の製造者と韓国政府にとってガス可動⾃動⾞企業界と補給スタンド数の⼤いなる成⻑が期待されています。

タイのエネルギ-⼤⾂PyasvastiaAmaranandは，タイ国がインドネシアのNatunaガス貯蔵所より天然ガスを補給できるよう，両国は，エネルギ-合同協定に著名した。公共の⽯油とガス企業PTT は，2008 年度の末までにガス補給スタンド420 件，そして2010年度470件の設置が予想されております。

パキスタンの公共ガス企業は，天然ガスの増⻑する需要に応える⼀⽅GLP分野の業者は，⼀つの選択として消費者を勧誘しつつあります。それにも拘らず，去年の9⽉から12⽉にかけ700件の補給スタンド設定の許可を発⾏しました。この国では，すでに2007年度末時点1700件の補給スタンドを所有しておりました。この10年間の天然ガス使⽤量は，全エネルギ-消費量の50％を占めました。Karati，Lahore，Islambadとその他の都市は，去る12⽉の政策混乱のの伴った燃料不⾜に対⾯しなければならなかった。この騒乱の中，多数のガソリンスタンドと天然ガス補給スタンドが閉鎖されました。しかしそれは，各補給スタンドのパイプが主パイプ網に繋がっている為，圧縮ガスの配給には、障害は，無いと12⽉末表明されました。万⼀，妨害がある場合主パイプからの送出を断ち安全を図る事ができます。

アラブ連合界のAdnocDistribution社は，2008年度の末までに天然圧縮ガス補給スタンド11件，AbuDhabi市においてガス可動切り替え⼯場8件，そしてSharjah市に5件設定するでありましょう。政府は2012年度の1⽉1⽇までに公⽤⾃動⾞群の20％GNVに切り換えるプランを公表しました。そして連合界圏に2012年度までに30件の補給スタンドの設定が提案されております。AbuDhabiの環境部⾨の委員会は，GNV群を所有している会社に対し許可登録そしてその最新の際の減税を検討中です。

ジャカルタ市の市役所は，全補給スタンドに天然ガス補給スタンドを設定させることを要求しております。3⼤⽯油-ガス配給社，Pertamia，ShellとPetronasは，現在存在するガソリンスタンドにガス補給スタンドを設置することに合意しました。そして公共の3ガス配給社は，年PGN2009度までに77件のGNVのポストを設定するでしょう。

February 2008 11

February 200812

Industri kita mencatat hampir 80 tahunpengadopsian NGV dalam armadakendaraan bermotor sejak Itali menggunakan NGVs pada tahun 1930-an dan sejak pengenalan stasiunCNG dan 76 truk di Rusia pada akhirtahun 1930. Sejak saat itu, tantanganutama di industri ini tetap sama : apayang harus didahulukan, kendaraanbermotor atau fasilitas pengisian bahanbakar? Ini yang disebut sebagai chicken-egg question telah dijawab olehbanyak negara dengan contoh pengalaman mereka. Peter Boisen,Chairman dari Asosiasi NGV Eropaakhir-akhir ini mengatakan bahwa jawaban dari pertanyaan tersebutadalah investasi di sektor tank stasiun,yang mana network stasiunyang cukupharus disediakan terlebih dahulu.Investasi dalam sektor pengisian bahanbakar adalah prioritas menuju kesuksesan dalam penerimaan NGVssecara luas, dan kunci utama bagi pengadopsiannya secara masal di sektor kendaraan pribadi.

Negara-negara NGV terbesar di duniamempunyai jumlah tank stasiun yangbesar atau jaringan yang bagus.Pakistan, Argentina, dan Brazil masing-masing mempunyai lebih dari1,500 stasiun pengisian bahan bakar.Ketiga Negara teratas tersebut, menghasilkan hingga 62% dari totalNGVs di dunia yang terdiri dari 4,8Munit kendaraan bermotor, dan memiliki41% dari NG tank stasiun di dunia. Iran,Italy, India, dan Cina menyusul denganmasing-masing 200-600 stasiunpengisian bahan bakar. Support kuatdan kebijaksanaan pemerintah, diikutidengan investasi pada infrastruktur gasdan sektor jaringan tank stasiun. Selainitu, ditambah dengan target realistisuntuk meningkatkan jaringan tersebut,telah menimbulkan rasa percaya diribagi suplier perlengkapan NGV/stasiununtuk memasuki segmen pasar tersebut.

Beberapa negara telah memulai aktivitas NGV dengan memfokuskanpada pengadopsian NGV secara meluas pada satu kota besar dengansukses. Transportasi umum dan armada kendaraan komersial adalahtarget utama. Setelah sejumlah fasilitaspengisian bahan bakar NG yangmemadai telah terpenuhi, pemilikkendaraan pribadi menggantikendaraan mereka menjadi NGVs.Beijing dan New Delhi merupakan kota-kota NGVs nomer satu di Chinadan India. Baik Beijing dan Delhi menyatakan bahwa mereka memilikiarmada NG bus kota terbesar di dunia.Karachi merupakan basis dari sekitar

50% NGVs di Pakistan. Tiga kota tersebut adalah yang tersibuk dan/atauterbesar dan/atau terpenting pada masing-masing negara. Kesuksesanpada kota-kota tersebut menimbulkanrasa percaya diri pada kota lain untukjuga menggunakan NGV pada armadakendaraan umum dan komersial mereka. Seoul di Korea Selatan danBangkok di Thailand juga sukses dalammemberikan contoh bagi kota-kota lain.

Di Cina, lokal gas distributor dan pemilik tank stasiun berkompetisi untuklebih menambah jaringan pengisianbahan bakar CNG yang diikuti olehsejumlah perusahaan lokal yang memproduksi cylinder dan NGV.Banyak perusahaan asing membukacabang atau service center di negaraini. Di kota Xi’an, diharapkan sekitar 80stasiun CNG akan tersedia untukmelayani 24,000 NGVs pada 2010,dimana 56 stasiun dan 12,880 NGVssudah beroperasi pada Desember 2007.

Sekretaris dari Kementrian Gas Alamdan Minyak Bumi India, M S Srinivasan,mengumumkan pada akhir tahun 2007bahwa 20 kota besar di India akandilengkapi dengan stasiun pengisianCNG pada tahun 2010. Hal ini akanmemungkinkan 45% kendaraan bermotordalam negeri menggunakan CNG.

Karena harga minyak meningkatmeskipun pemerintah Iran berusahauntuk menjaga harga minyak serendahmungkin, pemerintah mengeluarkankebijakan “ratio bahan bakar” (quota)pada bulan Juni 2007. Iran menargetkanuntuk mengakhiri kebijakan tersebutpada Maret 2009 dan sebagai gantinyamendukung para penggunaan NGVsecara lebih luas. PresidenAhmadinejad telah memerintahkanperusahaan gas untuk memastikanrealisasi dari pengoperasian 1,800 stasiun CNG pada Maret 2009.

Sehubungan dengan pameran dankonferensi ANGVA 2009 di kotaDonghae city di Korea, perkembanganyang lebih hebat di industri NGV termasuk peningkatan jumlah CNG tankstasiun telah siantisipasikan olehbanyak manufaktur peralatan NGV/stasiun Korea dan pemerintah.

Menteri Energi Tailand PiyasvastiAmaranand telah mengumumkanbahwa Tailand dan Indonesia telahmenandatangani perjanjian kerjasamadalam bidang energi yang akan segeramemperbolehkan Tailand untuk membeli gas alam dari ladang Natunadi Indonesia. Perusahaan Gas dan

Minyak negara PTT mengharapkan 420stasiun NG akan beroperasi pada akhirtahun 2008 dan 740 stasiun pada 2010.

Karena perusahaan utilitas gas negaradi Pakistan menghadapi tantanganberat dalam mencukupi permintaan NG,perusahaan marketing yang berhubungandengan LPG mencoba untuk menyediakan sebuah alternatif bagikonsumen. Bagaimanapun juga sekitar700 izin untuk membuka stasiun CNGbaru telah diluncurkan pada kuarter ke-4 tahun lalu. Negara tersebut telahmempunyai lebih dari 1,700 stasiunCNG pada akhir 2007. Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir gas alam diasumsikan memiliki bagian lebih dari50% dalam total konsumsi energi.Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad dan sejumlah kota lainnya menghadapikekurangan stok bahan bakar yangdisebabkan situasi politik Desemberlalu. Stasiun-stasiun besin dan CNGtelah ditutup, dikarenakan kerusuhanyang menyebabkan pembakaransejumlah stasiun. Bagaimanapun jugapada 31 Desember telah diumumkanbahwa suplai CNG tidak lagi menjadimasalah karena stasiun-stasiun telahdihubungkan dengan pusat gas alamyang mentransfer bahan bakar padastasiun-stasiun. Jaringan suplai tersebutdapat dihentikan semetara jika jaringanpusat ditutup untuk melindungi dariserangan luar.

Adnoc Distribution di UAE akanmemasang 11 stasiun CNG ditambahdengan 8 workshops konversikendaraan di Abu Dhabi dan 5 workshops di Sharjah pada akhir tahun2008. Otoritas yang kompeten telahmengumunkan rencana mereka untukmengubah 20% dari armada pemerintahmenjadi NGVs pada 1 Januari 2012.Sekitar 30 stasiun pengisian bahanbakar gas yang mampu untuk mengirimkan CNG keseluruh UAE telahdiajukan untuk tahun 2012. Otoritaslingkungan hidup Abu Dhabi merencanakanuntuk mempelajari pengurangan biayaregistrasi atau pembaharuan izin perusahaan jika perusahaan tersebutmempunyai armada NGV.

Peraturan kota Jakarta di Indonesiamenyatakan bahwa dispenser NG harusdisediakan di seluruh tank stasiun. Tigadistributor besar minyak dan gas-PERTAMINA, Shell, dan Petronas,telah menyetujui untuk menyediakan alatpengisian NG dalam stasiun stasiunbahan bakar yang telah ada. Juga, distributor gas milik negara, PGN, akanmembangun 77 stasiun CNG padatahun 2009.

NG tank stasiun sebagai kuncikesuksesan menuju adopsi NGV

We have a goal: helping make the world go round in

the right direction.

We lead the way in technologies for environmentally

friendly mobility, producing vehicle components for

alternative fuels, LPG and natural gas.

In more than 50 years in the business our technologies

have helped make LPG and natural gas fuelled vehicles

increasingly popular. Today we continue to open up

new horizons with research into ways of using new

fuels such as hydrogen.

We do all this in 50 countries on all 5 continents,

working with the world’s biggest automotive companies.

We want to maintain our position of prominence on

a rapidly growing market, responding to the

increasingly urgent demand for sustainable

development.

WE MAKE THE WORLD GO ROUND

LANDI RENZO. A KEY PLAYER IN THE WORLD OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY.

Alternative mobility

February 200814

February 200816

Following this issue’s main editorial in this magazine,Refuelling station provision as a key success toNGV adoption, below are further descriptions on near-future projects inSingapore, India, and Iran intheir endeavour to increaseCNG fuel dispensing facilities in their countries.

SingaporeThe two CNG stations in Singapore,one in Jurong island and one in mainland, will be followed by 3-4 morestations plus conversion workshops thatbelongs to SembCorp Gas in 2008.

More stations are possibly constructedby Smart Automobile, the biggest CNGtaxi operator in this country. As Singapore is a small country, the potential of large NGV adoption is quitegood “on paper”, as long as the refuelling network is widely spread.

The current CNG station in the mainland is still located near Jurongisland and is “considerably” far to thecity centre. Singapore has 370 NGVs atthe present.

IndiaTo ensure sufficient gas supply, the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline project,involving 2,775 km, will be begin byMarch 2008, once the pending issue oftransit cost in Pakistan is cleared.

The 3,400 km NG pipeline from theKrishna-Godavari basin will be stretchedfrom East to West and East to South toallow the construction of CNG stationsin towns and cities en route, includingChennai. Australian government evenforecasted that Indian demand on NG isset to rise 2.5 times from 32 Bm3 in2005 to 82 Bm3 by 2025, while gasimport may increase up to 10M tonnesin 2015 and 31M tonnes by 2025.

Confidence in CNG for vehicle continues to increase. Hence, the statetransport department in Agra (Uttar

Iran

Two NG vehicles were demonstrated in Singapore to Bangkok during the Green Highway

More investment in CNG refuellinginfrastructure and network

By November 2007, Iran has 294operated CNG stations and 852 stations under construction as reported by Alireza Rahmana fromthe Iranian Fuel ConservationOrganisation in his article “IranianCNG infrastructure” published in theDecember 2007 edition of this. ByJanuary 6th, 2008, he reported that337 stations are already in operationwhile 819 CNG refuelling stations areunder construction. Of those stations,428 are for public, 125 are private.Another 266 stations will have refuelling facilities for gasoline andCNG vehicles. The investment willcontinue following PresidentAhmadinejad’s resolution to establishCNG refuelling network up to 1,800units by March 2009.

According to Nematzadeh, Head ofNational Iranian Oil refining andDistribution Company, about 24 Mlitres/day of gasoline had been savedwithin six months after the oilrationing policy was implemented andCNG usage was increased.

Soon, we will see how far the government will further support andpromote NGV industry as new

policies will be issued since per April2008.

Alireza Rahmana informed that theIranian New Year start in the spring.Therefore, polices and plans will bethe same until March 2008.

At the moment, with CNG price at200 rial/m3 and premium gasoline at1,400 rial/litre, CNG is way cheaperthan gasoline. With price advantagearound 86%, CNG has a strongerand stronger position in the vehiclefuels market.

Alireza Rahmana

Continued on page 18

February 200818

Pradesh) issued a directive ordering allpublic transport and commercial vehicles in Agra to switch over to CNGfrom 1st January 2008. To facilitate this,three more CNG stations will be addedto the three existing stations.

Examples of the importance of government involvement is shown inDelhi, the main NGV city in the nation,where Chief Ministry Sheila Dikshit stated last December that 40,000 old-light commercial diesel vehicleswhich ply in Delhi will have to bereplaced/switched to CNG otherwise itwill be ban form the city. CNG kits inabout 7,000 old vehicles, primarilyautorickshaws, need to be replacedwith new kits.

On the other hand, Mahanagar GasLimited (MGL) is expanding CNG &piped natural gas (PNG) infrastructureand supplies in Mumbai and surrounding areas. Shri Murli Deora, theMinister of Petroleum & Natural Gasassured Dikshit that increasing CNG &PNG supplies in Mumbai and othercities of Maharashtra in general is highon government’s priority, and, thus, theimplementation of the project would beaccelerated.

The number CNG vehicles in the cityhas now increased to 183,000 units.There are at present 127 CNG stationsin the city of Mumbai & adjoining areasof Thane & Mira Road.

MGL has a CNG infrastructure networkof 222 km steel pipelines and 2180 kmpolyethylene pipelines.

By 2010, 20 cities in India will have NG fuelling units

Continued from page 16

February 200820

We dedicate this first 2008 edition of Asian NGV Communications to the export-import world ofNGV and NG refuelling station components according to the components manufacturers/suppliers.The analysis below referred to our questions on related issues.

1.How is the current demand-supply relationship in Asia and in the global market? What percentage of the world total NGV/fuelling equipment, or your product sales goes to Asia?

2.What do you think about the NGV and/or NG refuelling station market growth in Asia comparedto other regions?

3.What would be needed to increase the trade of NGV/fuelling components between countries and regions?

4. Kindly explain the competitive advantages of your products, from where you export your productsto Asia, and to which Asian country these products are sold.

NGV and refuelling station component trade reviews

Asia remains a major focus ofHale Hamilton’s AlternativeFuels Division as over 70% ofits global CNG related products goes to Asia.

1. Demand for our product is high andgrowing. The majority of the demandfor Hale Hamilton product originatesfrom Asia and probably accounts formore than 70% of our global productsales to the CNG market.

2. The growth in the Asian CNG markethas provided Hale Hamilton with a greatopportunity to increase product sales ofour manifold products for dispenser,

priority fill and pressure regulation applications. The rate of growth in thisregion will exceed that of other parts ofthe world thanks to a high level ofinvestment in infrastructure and NGVfuelled by the economic and environmental benefits of CNG.As such, Asia will remain a major focusfor Hale Hamilton’s Alternative FuelsDivision.

Josh Freeman

February 2008 21

3. Government incentives to reduceimportation taxes of NGV related products would greatly assist Europeansuppliers shipping products to Asia.

4. Hale Hamilton’s manifolds for dispensers, priority fill systems, compressors and pressure reductionsystems provide an integrated productwhich saves our customers’ time andmoney as well as providing a high spec,reliable product. For this reason, HaleHamilton’s business in CNG is growingvery quickly.We export our products from Englandand from Singapore via our Asia SalesOffice from which many of our customers in Asia are supported.

Our products are supplied to Pakistan,India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Korea,Indonesia, Singapore, China, etc.

Swagelok sees that bigopportunity is within gaspipeline sector followed byfuelling station, while moreOEM NGVs are needed in Asia.

1. Swagelok has a very strong globalreach with over 250 global sales andservice locations throughout theworld. Our sales into the Asia-Pacificregion have been strong and comparable to sales growth inthe Americas and also in Europe. This is probably due to the fact that theAsia-Pacific region was importing a lotfrom North American, South American,and European manufactured technology. We are now seeing initialindicators that the Asian region is at apoint where their domestic expertisehas expanded to become more self-sufficient. Our experience dictatesthat we should see more of our products going directly to system suppliers, OEMs, and contractors inthese developing regions as they arenow established.

2. In general Asia offers some of thebest conditions for growth for the alternative fuels transportation industryfor both vehicles and stations. Asia is ina unique situation when compared toNorth America and Western Europe,namely; they do not have anentrenched gasoline and diesel infrastructure to overcome. This makesthis global region relatively fuel neutral.As a result, the economic and socialbenefits of large scale government andprivate sector investments in an alternative fuels infrastructure are betterrealized in this industry, and would notexperience the same detrimental effects aswould the more established economicregions that are “addicted to oil”.

The major problem facing Asia is the

development of a bulk distribution system (pipelines) for their domestic fueltransport, on a scale that will truly support the demand that carries naturalgas from the source or off-loading location to the cities where it is typicallyconsumed. We are seeing tremendousNGV population growth in Asia, and asa result the shear scale of fuel demandis enormous. When we look at theAmericas, Japan and Europe, NGVadoption rates are controlled and, as aresult, the infrastructuredevelopment requires reasonableinvestment levels with acceptable payback periods. In Asia, some regionsare experiencing triple digit annual NGVgrowth resulting in astronomical costs

Continued on page 22

February 200822

associated with establishing a fuel supply infrastructure.

On the fuel supply side, Swagelok seesthat the largest area of opportunity is inthe creation of conventional gas pipelineand virtual pipeline, not the refuellingstations. A virtual pipeline is a dynamicsupply method that uses dedicatedtankers that come in the form of ships,railcars, and over-the-road trailers andlorries. These fuel transport vehicleapplications are huge multiple-million-dollar projects. Thesecond largest opportunity is refuellingstations. Once the gas pipelinesbecome established we then see ahuge push for refuelling station systemsand products. In Asia combined, morethan 3 stations per day are being commissioned and the future nationalplans that were presented at theANGVA show indicate that this commissioning rate will increase overthe next 3 - 5 years.

On the NGV side, we see that differentAsian countries have adopted differentnational strategies:

A. Some nations have adopted a lightduty natural gas vehicle strategy. Herethe demands on the national investmentor legislative support are greater sincefuel consumption, based on a per vehicle basis, is much less when compared to heavy duty natural gasvehicles (HDNGVs). Therefore, to beable to develop a strong sustainableeconomic model for fuel supply infrastructure, huge volumes of lightduty vehicles are a requirement. This results in a large number of private,personal, and retail refuelling stationlocations needing to be in place veryquickly to support consumer demand;otherwise these alternative fuel initiatives may die out due to consumerdissatisfaction. These initial vehicles areprimarily aftermarket spark ignitedengine conversions and not new vehicles supplied from the OEMs. This issue of managing this disequilibrium of supply and demand(chicken vs. the egg) usually ends upwith the government. Fortunately, theAsian governments seem to have beenable to move this responsibility over totheir national oil companies that are currently benefiting from crude oil pricesbeing at an all time high.

B. Some nations are focussed on

developing a heavy-duty vehicle (truckand bus) based NGV economy. Thisapproach of removing diesel enginesfrom densely populated regions offersseveral social, environmental, and economic benefits. At the same time,since these vehicles consume largeamounts of fuel, the payback for theinfrastructure investment is reduced.This approach is typically fundedand financed with a large amount of private sector money since the economics are very attractive whencompared to using conventional dieselfuel. When nations adopt this type ofstrategy, the economic results can bemeasured directly as GDP growth sincethe fuel and the vehicles are produceddomestically. It is important to note thatmore than 90% of the heavy duty natural gas vehicles (HDNGVs) purchased in Asia is manufactured inAsia. These HDNGVs are typically notaftermarket but rather are supplied bythe OEMs as new or convertedthrough licensed partners.

C. Some Asian nations are using ahybrid approach where they are developing both HDNGVs andLDNGVs. This approach requires thehighest level of both private and national investment as well as high levels of co-operation between government agencies and private entities. The Asian regions that havedemonstrated the best NGV growthalso seem to have very good arrangements between government andprivate organizations. These countriesare being driven by other factors suchas conventional energy shortages andare forced to develop a more balancedenergy portfolio that providesgreater national energy stability.

3. One thing that seems to be currentlylacking in Asia is the active involvement

of LDNGV OEM vehicles. Aftermarketconversions cannot provide a fully realized sustainable LDNGV environment because of safety, performance, warranty, and drivabilityissues with the smaller cars.Aftermarket conversions are importantduring the initial stages of adoptionbut once the nation becomes morededicated to CNG as a transportationfuel, the new car OEMs have tobecome involved in orderto ensure steady growth.

One thing that Asian vehicle OEMsneed to do is understand the true sizeof the opportunity and begin to provide reliable NGVs. This will openthe market up to more regular car owners. We have learned this inEurope and in the Americas, the longterm success and growth of this industry depends heavily on the supportfrom the large vehicle OEMs.Fortunately in Asia, a lot of Europeanand Japanese automobile OEMs havegood market share. These companieshave already invested in the development of next generation NGVsso they can apply this expertise directlyto Asian versions of their vehicles. As aresult, these companies are transferringtheir expertise over quickly and we arehearing that domestically produced versions of these vehicles will be available with NGV options soon.Since these new cars will carry warranties, the quality of the domesticand import supply base will alsoincrease.

Another big issue that would increasetrade is the adoption and enforcementof currently recognized component andsystem level codes and standards.These performance and safety standards are available from organizations such as ISO, ANSI, andUNECE and are very well establishedand proven. The emerging AsianNGV regions would be able to immediately supply safe and high performing systems if they adoptedthese requirements. Most of the established system and componentsuppliers carry these types of approvalsalready. This would also allow betteracceptance of this technology from aconsumer perspective.

One example is a common Asian refuelling connection. Currently someAsian regions have adopted the ISO14469 standard while others haveadopted the NZIG standard. These two

Continued from page 21

February 2008 23

standards are not readily interchangeable. As a result, it makes it difficult for vehicle suppliers to provide a commonAsian export car platform; also makingit difficult for vehicle operators to drivetheir vehicles into different countries.

One major drawback is that these standards provide rather largebarriers to entry for new domestic suppliers because the time and costsrequirements associated with securingthese approvals and certificates arerather high. Therefore, we see domestic pushback during the establishment of these requirementsand as a result, trade is delayed. Onething that would be a great help wouldbe if an industry organization such asthe ANGVA or the IANGV would helpfacilitate this approval process for thesenewer domestic manufacturers andtherefore allow for more aggressiveadoption of these global best practices.

4. Swagelok offers a global network ofsales and service locations that supply quick multi-tiered levels of expertservice with the largest range of reliablealternative fuel fluid system componentsapproved to ECE-R110, EIHP, andANSI NGV standards.

By Peter Ehlers, Alternative Fuels Market Manager,Swagelok Company

As alternative fuels market managerfor Swagelok, Peter Ehlers providesinput to the long-range technologyand product roadmaps within thealternative fuels market. His responsibilities included oversightof the Swagelok product offering and promotion of products specific to theindustry.

Additionally, he was involved in the writing of several international standards relating to hydrogen andfuel cell component and system performance requirements to accelerate the building of the foundation required to support thefuture hydrogen economy.

Ehlers has more than ten years of experience in international businessdevelopment and strategic planning.

Before joining Swagelok in 2003,Ehlers was a business unit managerfor OPW Fueling Components inCincinnati, Ohio, where he managedthe design,

development, analysis, and production of high-pressure alternative fueling products.

Ehlers holds a bachelor of applied science degree in mechanical engineering from the University ofToronto and a Master’s of BusinessAdministration in international marketing from Cleveland StateUniversity.

Peter Ehlers

February 200824

The Indonesia government efforts toimprove air quality, and , thus toenhance people’s standard of living,started more than four years ago whenJakarta’s previous Governor Sutiyosoissued a smoking ban in 2004. The yearafter, the Jakarta administrationreleased a by law on Air PollutionControl, which includes vehicle emissiontest regulation and a mandate to switchall public and municipalities vehicles toNGVs. It is followed by an establishmentof a government programme calledBlue Sky 2010 project that requirespublic transportation and private cars inthe country to run on clean fuels suchas CNG by 2010/2011.

Jakarta, as a capital city, set anexample for other cities by conducting apilot “clean air” project by imposingemission test for vehicles and usingCNG for busway buses. Nowadays, Jakarta has 7 busway/corridors, of which, the 210units of Daewoo’s CNG buses areallowed to operate in six corridors. Eight more corridors are under biddingprocess to be constructed and fullyoperated three years from now. It isexpected that about 1,400 CNG buseswill serve these corridors by 2011.Outside the busway, 250 bajajs andseveral taxis also run on CNG. In total,about 1,460 vehicles are fuelled by thisclean fuel in this city. It is also anticipated that 5,000 bajajs will befuelled by CNG in the future.

Adding CNG refuelling stationsJakarta currently owns 14 CNG refuelling stations, although only 7 stations are in service. State oil and gascompany Pertamina, and its foreign

competitors Petronas and ShellIndonesia , have signed an agreementwith the city administration to supplyCNG at their existing gasoline stationsto the public soon, as stated by JakartaMineral and Mining Agencyspokeswoman Peni Susanti InNovember 2007. However, she did notset a deadline. “The agreement isbacked up by an existing city bylaw thatrequires them to install natural gaspumps and supply natural gas at everygas station they have,” she added.

Pertamina would start supplying naturalgas to the public in December 2007,while Petronas from Malaysia and ShellIndonesia will commence CNG provisionin 2008, Peni said. Petronas plans toadd 22 more refuelling stations in GreaterJakarta to its current two stations, whileShell has 10 stations in the city.

Jakarta has a total of 264 refuelling stations. With the opening of wide CNG refuelling network, NGV adoptionin public and government fleets isexpected to succeed.

The Jakarta administration and thestate gas distribution company PGNplan to build 77 CNG stations by 2009.These 77 CNG stations alone can supply 900 Transjakarta buses, 16,732taxis, 4,700 public minivans and 247minibuses. As 30% of the city is covered by NG pipelines, mother-daughter CNG stations mightbe required.

Government supportThe current Jakarta Governor, FauziBowo, also endorsed the use of CNG invehicles. He is targeting at lowering airpollution by 30 percent during his

Indonesia, a new potential market for NGV manufacturers and equipment suppliers

Hundreds of gasoline stations tooffer CNG in Jakarta city in Indonesia

February 2008 25

five-year term.In early December 2007, he noted thatthe capital administration is preparingstrategic measures for the use of alternative fuels to reduce CO2 emissions, of which public transportation will become the first sector to be affected by the new policy.This is a sensible move as 70% of airpollution in the capital is caused byvehicle emissions, especially by privatevehicles, while the rest is caused byindustry.

At least 2.5 million private cars and 3.8million motorcycles traverse Jakarta’sroads on weekdays. Nationwide, it is estimated that thetransportation sector emits 20.9 milliontonnes of CO2 per year. The emission ispredicted to reach 38.4 million by 2010because the number of vehicles, currently around 29 million, couldincrease 8 to 14 percent per year.

“All public transportation vehicles (inJakarta), such as buses and taxis,would soon be required to use environmentally friendly CNG, or biogas,” said Fauzi. CNG use, however,has yet to be enforced due to a lack ofCNG outlets in Jakarta. The new citybylaw which requires refuelling stationsto supply CNG to customers is expected to help implementing Fauzi’splan.

Gasoline rationing plan Due to the surging of oil price, the government plans to limit the sales ofsubsidised premium gasoline to publicvehicles and motorcycles, and to sell anew type of gasoline to private cars inorder to save the state’s budget andlimit inflation. For private cars, the government will sell 90-octane gasolineto replace 88-octane premium gasoline.

This plan is likely to be carried out if oilprice stayed around US$100/barrel in2008 according to NationalDevelopment Planning Minister PaskahSuzetta.

Indonesian economic observers suchas Didik Rachbini and energy specialistKurtubi consider this plan as a goodpolicy as long as the implementation iswell monitored, for example, by using acard to control the purchase of 88-octane gasoline. At this moment, themonitoring system is not yet ready andconsidered as “difficult” to be implemented. Few days later, when oilprices decreased, the government alsoconsidered cancelling the fuel rationingplan that will limit petroleum purchasequota. It is not yet decided whether ornot the plan would be implemented asoil prices fluctuated very quickly. ByJanuary 2008, oil prices hit US$100/barrel.

Gasoline subsidy reductionThe government even plans to cut oilsubsidy and therefore increase oil pricesin several phases. The new pricing policy will be imposed in Jakarta first,later to be followed by other big cities

Continued on page 26

February 200826

before its fully implementation throughout the country. Kurtubi said thegovernment’s plan to stop subsidisingthe use of gasoline for private vehicleswould work for a short time. To produce high-octane gasoline,Indonesia must import high octanemogas components (HOMC) which atthe end will also cost the nation a lot ofmoney. As the nation has enormousgas resources, he suggested that thegovernment should aim to replacegasoline with CNG instead, for its long-term program.

Premium gasoline is currently sold tothe public at Rp. 4,500/litre, with a subsidy of more than Rp. 2,500/litre.The new fuel, which is not yet available,will be sold with a subsidy of Rp.500/litre or at a price of about Rp.6,250/litre. Non-subsidized high-octanegasoline such as Pertamax which isavailable for public will be sold betweenRp. 7,500 and Rp. 7,850 per litre.

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyonohas repeatedly said the governmentwould not increase the price of the subsidised gasoline at least until hiscurrent term ends in 2009. The last fuel

price increase was in October, 2005when the price of subsidised fuelsincluding diesel and kerosene wasincreased by about 125%.Consequently, annual inflation rate hikedas high as 17% compared to about 6%in 2004. In November, Finance MinisterSri Mulyani Indrawati said that 2007 fuelsubsidy spending could swell to aboutRp 87.8 trillion from the previouslyanticipated Rp 55.6 trillion.

Increased oil prices could lead not onlyto inflation and hamper the country’s

economic growth but could also causecivil unrest. Switching to CNGKurtubi, the energy expert, said that theuse of alternative fuels is necessary.

Vehicle conversion such as from gasoline to CNG is the most realisticway for the government to ease theburden on the state budget. By early2007, Pertamina reduced CNG price fromRp. 3,000 to Rp. 2,562 per litre equivalentgasoline. With the new gasoline pricingpolicy, CNG is 60%-70% cheaper thangasoline and Pertamax.

He added that CNG conversion kitsshould also be distributed free ofcharge by the government to ensurethe success of the program such aswhat was done during the kerosene-to-LPG programme in thepast.The government has promised to supply at least 4,000 subsidised CNGkits worth between Rp. 8 M to Rp. 10M for public transportation in Jakarta.

Two conversion workshops haveobtained government permission to dothe vehicle conversion, while two othercompanies have licences for the supplyof CNG conversion kits and cylinders.

Continued from page 25

February 2008 27

No plan for lower fuel ration in MyanmarIn the beginning of January 2008,Myanmar’s ruling military was trying toquash rumours that fuel rations in thecountry would be cut due to theincreasing global oil prices. This happened after a sudden climb infuel prices introduced last year andwhich led to protest.

During the fourth quarter of 2007, gasoline price was increased by 160%and sold at 2,500 kyats/gallon, 200%for diesel at 3,000 kyats/gallon, and500% for CNG at 2,500 kyats/17 gallon. Both gasoline and diesel havebeen sold under a rationing system inMyanmar’s major city, Yangon, since1980. Car owners are allowed to buy60 gallons fuel per month for each car.

Following the global fuel price hike andthe limited domestic oil production thatgenerated a constant gasoline shortagein Myanmar, rumours on stricter fuelrationing system -allowing private carowners to purchase thirty gallon fuelfrom sixty gallons per month- werespread out. Since November 2007, thegovernment has cut down the gasoline

and diesel quotas of senior civil servants by at least 75%.

However, a state-owned journal NewLight of Myanmar has reported thatrationing of gasoline, diesel and CNGwill remain the same.

On the other hand, further growth can

be expected from this country as theAsia-Pacific NGV Association (ANGVA)aims to support the development ofBlue Corridors of NG refuelling facilitiesalong Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos andThailand. NGVs are not yet introducedin Vietnam and Laos so far althoughVietnam already has one CNG fuellingstation.

The anticipated new CNG corridor: Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam route

February 200828

Increased CNG pricePakistan gas prices are connected to international oil prices.As prices of crude oil and high fuel sulphur oil (HSFO) hadregistered a constant increase during the June-November2007 period, prices of gas producers for the period betweenJanuary-June 2008 would also increase.

Thus, NG price for industrial and commercial sectors inPakistan have risen by average 7% since 1st January 2008although domestic customers were exempt from the augmentation.

At CNG stations, fuel retail price has been increased by 10%,from Rs 291.36/MMBTU to Rs 264.87/MMBTUThe consumer-end gas tariffs are revised after six monthsunder the existing laws on Jan 1 and July 1 every year.

Fuel shortageDue to political unrest which includes riots and setting gasstations into fire, gasoline and CNG stations in several majorcities such as Karachi and Lahore were closed at the end ofDecember 2007 and beginning of 2008.

People were facing fuel non-availability. Islamabad, Lahore,and Rawilpindi also faced similar situation.

The three cities, Karachi, Islamabad, and Lahore are mainNGV cities in the nation.

Ten percent priceincrease for CNGin Pakistan

Esposizione - Ciclo di Conferenze MagistraliExhibition - Master Conferences

Dal 25 al 27 settembre 2008September 25-27, 2008

Lingotto Fiere, Padiglione 1 - Torino, ItaliaLingotto Fiere, Pavilion 1 - Turin, Italy

II Fiera Mondiale dei Veicoli aGas Naturale ed Idrogeno

II World Fair of NGVs & H2Vs

www.ngvworldfair.cominfo@ngvworldfair.com

SponsorHosted by

OrganizzatoreOrganizer

SponsorGold Sponsor

Silver

Energia pulita per un mondo sostenibileClean energy for a sustainable world

Stand M2

8 x 128 x 87 x 8

Stand M2

4 x 84 x 74 x 6,5

Stand M2

4 x 4VENDIDOBOOKED

February 200830

NGV industry estimates that India hadover 354,000 CNG vehicles end 2007,while The Economic Times in Indiareported taht 10-lakh (1M) CNG veiclesare operated in Delhi alone.. In October2006, this nation had 335,000 NGVs.The Biggest NGV fleet is operated inMumbai although it has fewer NGVscompared to New Delhi. Mumbai has127 CNG stations and 183,429methane vehicles while Delhi has 153CNG dispensing stations with 150,000vehicles. Other cities covered by CNGstations include Hyderabad,Vijayawada, Vadodara, Agartala,Kanpur, Bareli and Lucknow. Soon,Jammu and Kashmir are expected toalso have CNG stations.NGVs are very popular among masstransport vehicle fleet and private carsowners. Within the National CapitalRegion, the number of private CNGcars is just a little lower than theGovernment mandated CNG vehicles.Currently, 138,000 NGVs are plying inthis area.

NGVs are also popular in smaller citiessuch as in Vadodara with 3,630 vehicles, Kanpur and Bareli 6,801, Agra5,215 and Lucknow 5,430. Economic benefits of CNG fuel and bignew investment in gas pipeline thatallows provision of more CNG dispensing stations have further boosted this industry. The increasepetroleum price is a major reason forvehicle owners to switch to NGVs.Besides, the government has previouslyannounced in 2007 that over 200 citiesin 15 states in India would be facilitatedby Piped Natural Gas (PNG), which alsowould allow more cities to have accessto CNG for vehicles. By 2010/2011, 10% of the total vehicles in the personal segment will beCNG/LPG-fitted, according to N.K.Minda, Managing Director of MindaAuto Gas, a supplier of CNG/LPG kitsin India. As the sales of these kits tooriginal equipment manufacturers(OEMs) that come out with factory-fittedfuel conversion systems grow by about

50%, the much larger after-salesretrofitting market is also rising. The after-sales retrofitting market in thepersonal segment is growing by 10%every year, according to Mr Arun Badia,CEO of Auto Gas India. Sales of kits to after-market conversionsector are about 20 times bigger thanto the vehicle OEMs sector. There are more than 20 players in theconversion business. About 70% of theconversions are performed in small cars. According to Kamal Chawla, SalesManager of Sai Service in Mumbai, theinitial vehicle conversion cost is aroundRs 25,000.

Indian NGV industry estimates: 19,000 more NGVs in 2007

February 2008 31

It is time to introduce your Asian products in Europe and in other countries in your region. For those who have entered overseas markets, improve your brand awareness by promotingyour company and NGV products through Asian NGV Communications.Below is the next April edition and expected extra event distribution of this magazine.

Promote and introduce your products in April 2008

EditionMonth

released, 2008Deadline Special report

16 April March 2nd

Fuelling Asia: compressors and refuelling equipment, and gasdemand and supply

3.2M NGVs in Asia43% of the world’s total

Volume III Number 14 December 2007

NG buses

Asia to home 61%

of the world’s NG

bus fleet

Pricey oil

Impacts on economy

& NGV industry

February 200832

New six-cylinder CNGengine made in India

Pioneers in CNG technology, AshokLeyland, has developed India’s first one-litre-per-cylinder six cylinder CNGengine for buses with Multi Point FuelInjection (MPFI) technology.

The W06DTI 'H' series CNG enginecombines superior power rating--135kW @ 2400 rpm-- with low emissions. It has 5.7-litre turbo charged inter-cooled natural gas engine thatmeets Euro IV emission norm.

With lowest emission using stoichiometric combustion technology--chemically correct air-fuel ratio—andcombined with three-way catalytic converter, the engine ensures the lowest possible output of emissions.

The engine also uses MPFI system andExhaust Gas Re-circulation (EGR) technology to lower the NOx emissionand limit the thermal load on the enginecomponents. The quantity of EGR is

controlled by the difference in pressuresbetween exhaust manifold and the turbocharger's compressor inlet. The waste gate turbocharger is optimised for maximum torque.A high-tech Electronic Control Unit(ECU) controls the sequential gas injection and high-energy ignition systems of the engine.

The engine has plug-on coils with longlife spark plug, which makes for maintenance-free operation of the vehicle.

Indian car producer toenter ASEAN market

Tata Motors (Tata) was reported to beconsidering setting up an assemblyplant for eco cars with a capacity of100,000 units in Thailand. Tata is studying the option to sell its fullyloaded people’s car which met emissionnorms, over the next three years.

This car, which is also known as Rs 1lakh (Rs 100,000) car, will haveimproved features compared to the

original Indian version. It will have addedfeatures such as airbags and top-classinteriors. It will be released as 1,000 ccthree-cylinder model. The diesel, LPG, and CNG modelsmight also be launched in this market ina later stage.

The “people’s car” is designed (also) forpeople of lower (financial) class, andthus, targeting a niche market. Tata could use the Thailand facility asan export base for the Association ofSouth East Asian Nation (ASEAN)region. If everything works as planned, it couldopen a door for an Indian company totarget a small car market in this region.It will also facilitate Tata Motors’ long-term plan of becoming a globalplayer with a product that has beencompletely developed in India.

Apart from Tata Motors, ToyotaKirloskar Motor (TKM) has announcedthat it will introduce CNG variants of itspremium sedan, Corolla and MUVInnova.

Market expansion

February 2008 33

BusinessCentreTumaco Group: New business group in the international market

Under the slogan ‘Fuelling the future’ anew business group appears in the natural gas market. EMMEGAS andGET (the two sister companies part ofTUMACO GROUP) have decided to joinforces, experiences, technologies andstrategy to present themselves –remaining as two separate organizationsthough - as unique supplier of a “fullnatural gas for vehicles package”: fromthe refueling station to the kit installed inthe vehicle, with the purpose of offeringa complete and integrated service, professional and highly specialized, forthose who consider alternative fuelsconversion as the only and reliable alternative to gasoline engines, whichalso provides an environmentally-friendly development both in the presentand future time.In order to increase its feasibility,Tumaco Group was present at therecent ANGVA 2007 in Bangkok, andwill attend the March event in Pakistan(booths 29 and 30), and also the IIWorld Fair in September in Turin, Italy –booths E12 and E13

The sister companiesEmmegas S.p.a., producer of dual fuelconversion systems, is an Italian manufacturer with long and consolidated experience in alternativefuels conversion systems. Founded in1993 by Medardo Landi, it acts in the 5continents with its owndistributors/importers network. The company, which has begun operating a long time ago with aCertified Quality System as per

UNI-EN-ISO 9001:2000 Standard, supplies an entire range of dual fuelsystems for vehicles with carburetor orinjection, including the latest sequentialinjection system. For further information, visitwww.emmegas.net or write tosales@emmegas.net

GET S.A.– General EnergyTechnologies SA - is a Company withbase in Neuchatel, Switzerland, which manufactures high-performance heavyduty compressors with non-lubricatedcylinders, equipped with crosshead andAPI 618 compliance, complete fuellingstations, service, engineering and consultancy, according to Dr. FrancescoBertoletti, Managing Director, who highlighted the compressors features:suction pressure from 0.1 barg up to100 barg, with 2, 3 or 4 compressionstages and capacity up to 3100Nm3/H.The firm manufactures inEurope and India and may be visited onwww.getgroup.ch . Contact: info@getgroup.ch

February 200834

BusinessCentreOmnitek Engineering, Corp. and CYT Gas Tech Co. Ltd. enter into exclusive agreement

Omnitek Engineering, Corp. (PinkSheets:OMTK) ("Omnitek" or the"Company") in December 2007announced the signing of a BusinessRepresentative Agreement to appointCYT Gas Tech Co. Ltd. ("CGT") theexclusive Omnitek natural gas enginewarranty and engine parts distributioncenter for Thailand, as well as a non-exclusive dealer for Omnitek's CNG engines. Omnitek is a global leader in the alternative fuels industry. Omnitek develops and supplies new natural gasengines and a proprietary technologywhich converts diesel engines to operate on natural gas, propane orhydrogen. Werner Funk, CEO of Omnitek, says,"We believe our relationship with CGToffers Omnitek the opportunity to establish broader sales penetration ofnatural gas engines in Thailand andoffers customers a level of comfort thatservice and warranty tasks are performed promptly and by Omnitekauthorized and trained service

personnel." Mr. Funk continues,"Thailand is an important market forOmnitek. The low-interest rate loansavailable to the fleet operators to re-power trucks and buses, opens up alarge market for Omnitek's natural gasengines. There are currently fifteenOmnitek natural gas engines operatingin Thailand, with five more in transit,scheduled to arrive Thailand inDecember." CGT already provides services to naturalgas fleets in Thailand, and has beenservicing Omnitek's natural gas enginesand products in their facility in Bangkok. Thailand is a dynamic and rapidlyexpanding natural gas vehicle market.Thailand's leading energy supplier, PTTPublic Company Ltd ("PTT"), has beenat the forefront of Thailand's natural gasvehicle programs. PTT is responsible forgranting low-interest loans to fleet operators to fund the conversion ofdiesel engines to natural gas, or to buyengines to repower vehicles. Contact: Werner Funk, info@omnitekcorp.com Werner Funk

CNG PRIORITY MANIFOLDSCars, Buses and Commercial vehicles

Key benefits:

• Maximises customers’ storage capacity• Non-electric / modular design simplifi es

station design and maintenance as well as manifold installation

• High fl ow capacity up to 5000 nm³/min• High pressure rating (400 barg)• Consistent performance /

proven valve technology

• Confi gurable design

- 2 line with / without direct compresser fi ll - 3 line with / without direct compresser fi ll - slow fi ll modules - range of accessories - confi gurations to fi t customer demand

Hale Hamilton (Valves) Limited Cowley Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 2AF, England

www.halehamilton.com email: indsales@halehamilton.com

Tel: +44 (0) 1895 236 525

February 2008 35

II World Fair of NGV, Biogas & H2V

Turin city, ItalyFollowing the success of the 1st

World Fair of NaturalGas Vehicles andHydrogen Vehicles

in Italy in 2005, the 2nd fair will be heldthis year in Turin city, Italy. Hosted bythe Consorzio NGV System Italia (ItalianNGV Association) and organised by theGas Vehicles Report (the GVR)/NGVCommunications Group, this event willpresent NG/H2 vehicles and refuellingstation equipment exhibition, a master conference, test-drive, technical tour,and a business room for rent.The trade fair will be held in 5,000 sqmhall and 2,000 sqm will be used forconference, registration and amenities.

The admission to both exhibition andconference will be free. Visitors will beable to register on internet at www.ngvworldfair.com or in-situ onentering the fair.This fair is the second edition (after

predicted to surpass the success) ofthe first fair in 2005, which already wasthe biggest NGV event not only in theItalian but also in the European history:101 stands of the sector’s companies(11 of which belonged to OEMs), whichoccupied a space of 3,598 m2, andwere visited by 9,320 people, and over70 vehicles were on display.

It was a success at promotional level for inhabitants of South Tyrol (which sincethen is one of the NGV leading regions),

as well as for the political resultsattained by the regional governmentand the commercial deals closed byexhibitors.

In this coming 2nd fair, 80% of thestand area was already booked bybeginning January 2008.

Only few stands left available at present.Book your space as soon as possibleand contact info@ngvworldfair.com orvisit www.ngvworldfair.com.

BusinessCentre

February 2008 37

BusinessCentreTechnical tour, test-drive and much more

Among the different activities being preparedfor the 11th Conference &Exhibition of the IANGV(International Associationfor Natural Gas Vehicles),scheduled for next June3-5, there is the externalprogram that will beoffered to participants. A technical tour is available to potential participants who wish tovisit the laboratories ofCENPES – PetrobrasResearch andDevelopment Center-located in the University City, next to Galeão Airport and toUFRJ –Rio de Janeiro Federal University-, specially focusedon laboratories of fuel control and vehicle test, including gasemissions. In addition, there will be an optional test-drive of a tetra-fuelunit, capable of running on 100% gasoline, on a gasoline-25% alcohol mixture, on 100% alcohol, and on natural gas. Itwill take place in the area nearby RioCidade Nova ConventionCenter, where the event will be held, in Rio de Janeiro. For further information, please visitwww.ngvgroup.com/ngv2008/en.php