Assignment in

M. A. P. E.HSubmitted by:

Lorraine L. LacuestaGrade 10- Molave

Submitted to:Mr. Jerwin N. Icocruz

Teacher

Physical EducationVolleyball is a sport played by two teams on a playing

court divided by a net. There are different versions available for specific circumstances in order to offer the versatility of the game to everyone. The object of the game is to send the ball over the net in order to ground it on the opponent's court, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent. The team has three hits for returning the ball (in addition to the block contact). The ball is put in play with a service, hit by the server over the net to the opponents. The rally continues until the

ball is grounded on the playing court, goes "out" or a team fails to return it properly. In Volleyball, the team winning a rally scores a point (Rally Point System). When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains a point and the right to serve, and

its players rotate one position clockwise.> History

Volleyball is one of the world's most popular sports and is played by more than 800 million people on the planet at least once a week. In 1895, William G Morgan, a physical education director at the Holyoke, Massachusettes YMCA, created a game called Mintonette, as a low contact indoor sport.He combined parts of tennis, baseball, basketball and handball to create a new game to be played indoors by people who wanted

less physical contact than basketball. Morgan borrowed the net from tennis and raised it six feet, six inches above the floor, a little higher than an average man's head.After observing the first game, Alfred Halstead, renamed the game Volleyball due to the volleying nature of the game. Numerous other variations of Volleyball have developed such as Beach Volleyball, Footvolley, Hooverball, and Newcomb. Both Men's and Women's Leagues are popular, and there are many clubs and tournaments throughout the year in the US.>Volleyball Equipment & Facilities:The sport of volleyball requires the type of sporting equipment below. Products may be available to aid in the instruction of volleyball skills.

Volleyball

The size of the ball should be no larger than 81 centimeters (32 inches) in circumference and weigh no more than 226 grams (8 ounces). It should be as close as possible to the regulation-size volleyball. The ball shall be spherical in shape and made of flexible leather or synthetic leather with a bladder inside made of rubber or a similar material. Its color may be a uniform light color, or a combination of colors. The inside pressure shall be 0.30- 0.32 kg/cm2 (4.26 to 4.61 psi). In Modified Team Competition a lighter weight, leather or

synthetic leather, modified volleyball may be used. CourtWhile it is recommended that a regulation 9 meter x 18 meter ( 29 feet 6 inches x 59 feet) court be used, the Special Olympics modification allows for the service line to be moved closer to the net, but no closer than 4.5 meters (14 feet 9 inches). If a regulation size court is unavailable, then modifications may be made to allow for play in a safe manner. Center Line

A center line is marked at the center of the court

dividing it equally into 30 feet squares,

above which the net is placed.Attack Line

An attack line is marked 10 feet of each side of the center line.

Service LineA service line, the area from which the server may serve

the volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside the right sideline on each back line.

NetsUsed to separate the teams

during play, men's net height of 2.43 meters (7 feet 11 5/8 inches) is used for regular and Unified Sports. Women's net height of 2.24 meters (7 feet 4 1/8 inches) is used for Women's and Modified Team Competition. The official net is 1 meter (39 inches) wide and 9.5 to 10 meters (31 feet 6 inches to 33 feet) long (with 25 to 50 cm [10 inches to 19 ½ inches] on each side of the side bands), made of 10 cm (4 inch) square black mesh. At its top a horizontal band, 7 cm (2 ¾ inches) wide and made of

two-fold white canvas, is sewn along its full length. AntennaeThese are vertical flexible rods attached to the opposite sides of the net at the points the net crosses the sidelines. An antenna is 1.80 meters (5 feet 11 inches) in length, and the top 80 cm (32 inches) extends above the net and

is marked with 10 cm (4 inch) stripes of contrasting color,

preferably red and white. Net StandardsThe posts supporting the net which are placed at a distance of .50 to 1.0 meters (20 inches to 39 inches) outside the sidelines, they are 2.55 meters (8 feet 4 inches) high and preferably adjustable. When available, pads for the posts should be used. Ball Cart/Ball BagA device used to carry or hold volleyballs during practice or competition.

ArtsWet-plate cameras

derived their name from the light-sensitive chemical coating applied to the photographic plate. The plate was used while wet, which was a messy but effective process that allowed photographers to make high-quality negatives with exposures of less than 30 seconds. Frederick Scott Archer invented the plate in 1851.

Folding cameras, favored for their compact design and movable bellows, have been in use for many years. The camera’s lens is incorporated into the bellows, which is slid back and forth along a rail to change focus. The dark cloth covering the photographer and the box body of the camera blocks out undesirable light, which might otherwise interfere with the picture.

Box cameras like the Kodak Brownie were the earliest cameras used by the general public. Relatively simple in design and operation, they consisted of a wooden or plastic box, a drop-blade shutter, and a holding device for the film. Disposable

cameras are the modern equivalent of early box cameras.

View cameras are used for portrait and still-life photography. A geared track, precision lenses, and a long bellows make the cameras fairly cumbersome, but they are capable of capturing difficult subjects such as architecture with a minimum of distortion.

The Polaroid, or instant, camera delivers a finished print directly following exposure. Although most models are somewhat larger than the standard personal camera, the advantage of this system is the convenience and speed of the results. Special film used in conjunction with the camera is designed to develop itself.

New CameraRangefinder camera

Rangefinder cameras were the first cameras to have an optical viewfinder—that is, a separate, window-like lens through which the photographer sees and frames the subject. The viewfinder is paired with an adjacent window called a rangefinder.

Autofocus CameraSome cameras are able to

automatically adjust themselves, focusing on the main figure in the field view. The autofocus mechanism usually bounces infrared light beams

or ultrasonic waves off of a subject, taking rangefinding samples which are processed electronically.

Single-Lens Reflex Camera (SLR)

Single-lens reflex cameras use mirrors to form an image of the scene to be photographed in the viewfinder. The 35-mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera is one of the most popular cameras on the market today because of its compact size, speed, and versatility. Most models offer a combination of automatic and manual options.

Digital CameraDigital camera is one of the

most popular cameras today. Once the shutter is snapped, images are stored on memory devices, such as floppy disks or memory cards, so that users can review the photographs they have taken and determine immediately if the image

they captured is what they want.

Digital Single-Lens Reflex Camera (DSLR)A digital single-lens reflex camera is a digital camera

combining the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film.