volkswagen new technician introduction
TRANSCRIPT
Volkswagen New Technician Introduction810133_002.0
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc.
Volkswagen Academy
Created 01/2019
Course Number 810133
Version _002.0
©2019 Volkswagen Group of America, Inc.
All rights reserved. All information contained in this book is based on the latest information available at the time of publishing and is subject to the copyright and other intellectual property rights of Volkswagen Group of America, Inc., its affiliated companies and its licensors. All rights are reserved to make changes at any time without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, nor may these materials be modified or reposted to other sites without the prior expressed written permission of the publisher.
All requests for permission to copy and redistribute information should be referred to Volkswagen Group of America, Inc.
Always check Technical Bulletins and the latest electronic repair information for information that may supersede any information included in this book.
Trademarks: All brand names and product names used in this manual are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks; and are the property of their respective owners.
Table of Contents Page 1
1Introduction
2History
3Volkswagen Academy
4Retail Qualification
Championship (RQC)
5Certification Resource
Center
Table of Contents Page 2
8Perfect Delivery 360 ePDI
Tool & Transport Mode
9ServiceNet Structure
11Dealer Technician
Helpline
10Organizational Structure
6VW CUP
7ElsaPro
VW VOW
At Volkswagen, we not only believe in better engineering for all, but we believe owning a Volkswagen should be something to smile about. Whether you’re shopping for your first VW, servicing your current one or looking for your next Volkswagen, we vow to make it both fair and fun.
We vow to stand behind a perfect vehicle delivery. And to always service your vehicle like it’s our own. We vow to build lifetime loyalty with each and every contact. The Volkswagen Vow is much more than a promise, it’s a personal pledge from each and every employee not to just build great cars, but to build strong, enduring relationships.
Introduction
Welcome
We are excited to have you as part of our team. You are a valued member of the Volkswagen Brand and we are glad you decided to join us on our journey.
We believe that every employee offers unique abilities and has a direct impact on sales, profitability and customer satisfaction, no matter their position in the dealership. You are the face of the Volkswagen brand, and we recognize and appreciate the value that you bring.
Again, welcome.
Exercise 1: Volkswagen History
Volkswagen History
Instructor to play video
• 120 Manufacturing plants
• Presence in 31 Countries
• Over 600,000 Employees
Volkswagen Plants
Volkswagen Future
Instructor to play video
Renton, WA Learning Center
Livermore, CA Learning Center
Eastvale, CA Learning Center (Los Angeles)
Wheat Ridge, CO Learning Center
Buffalo Grove, IL Learning Center
Dallas, TX Learning Center
Davie, FL Learning Center
Chattanooga, TN Learning Center
Atlanta, GA Learning Center
Columbus, OH Learning Center
Upper Marlborough, MA Learning
Allendale, NJ Learning Center (New York)
Ashburn, VA Learning Center (Washington D.C.)
Jessup, MD Learning Center (Baltimore)
Volkswagen Academy Learning Centers
2019 Tech Certification
REQUIREDELSA Pro Basics
400784Volkswagen
Warranty Basics 705144
Hybrid and EV High Voltage Safety
890104
Introduction to Volkswagen Airbag & Safety Systems
810103
Staying Connected with Volkswagen Car-Net 600164
Documentation Best Practices for R.O. & Customer Invoices
701144
Volkswagen MIB II SSP 890153
REGISTEREDVW Scan Tools &
ODIS Service 811102
Electrical Systems 871600
Diagnosis & Documentation
811602
2
Electrical Engine
Engine Mechanical Diag & Repair 821202
Engine Management Level 1841002
Engine Management Level 2842002
Transmission
Automatic Transmission 851502
Manual Transmission Operation & Diagnosis 851700
Chassis
Volkswagen Convertibles 891702
Brakes, Handling & Safety Systems 861502
eMobillty
High Voltage Technician890302
CHOOSE ANY SPECIALTY
TDI Diesel Engine 841102
Networking Systems 872602
Volkswagen Electrical Diagnosis 870162
Heating, Air Conditioning & Climate control 881702
Input/Output Diagnosis 870292
WBT
SSP
ILT #Training Days
3 2
2 22
2
2
2
3
3
3
3 3
4
4
MASTER TECHNICIAN: Complete ALL 5 Specialties and...Diag Tech Hands-on Assessment
800132Diagnostic Technician Exam
800232+2 2
Continuous Learning: VW CUP
First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter
Welcome to the Volkswagen Brand
601104
Certification Q & A
Notes:
What does it mean to be a Master Technician?
It means that you are one of the top Volkswagen technicians. You have proven to be an expert on all vehicle systems.
High recognition and prestige comes with Master status. This also, at times, will allow you to participate in special functions just for Master Technicians.
How do I get Certified?
Check out the “Required” row in the graphic on Page 12 or the certification requirements in the Certification Resource Center or www.vwwebsource.com.
You need:
• Required VW Cup videos and Tech Talks each quarter’
• One instructor-led course
How do I sign up for classes?
You must go the Certification Resource Center to sign up for classes. The Certification Resource Center can be accessed through a link at:
www.vwwebsource.com
or at:
http://www.datarunners.net/vwcrc/default.aspx
Finding and enrolling in classes is covered later in this Reference Guide.
FastTrack
Notes:
The FastTrack Program puts you on the fast track to boost your career, increase the Service Department’s productivity, and improve your customers’ satisfaction.
The FastTrack program helps to create Volkswagen focused and brand-loyal Technicians for your dealership.
Our new FastTrack training program is designed to help you get up-to-speed quicker while requiring less time out of the dealer. FastTrack helps you to develop into a committed, well-trained, and proficient team member who serves customers with pride.
Curriculum
You attend two weeks of training and receive Registered Level status upon graduation. You then determine what Specialty Categories you would like to pursue.
Certification Q & A
Keyword Search vwFAST
In Dealership (Prior to Week 1)
• 7SV401 What is Warranty WBT
• 7SV410 Being Prepared: Documentation and Record Keeping WBT
• 800184 Repair Order Communication WBT
• 800134 Perfect Delivery 365 for Technicians WBT
• 803503 ElsaWeb SSP
• 810103 Volkswagen Airbag and Safety Systems SSP
• 871404 Electrical WBT
• 873003 How to Read Wiring Diagrams WBT
• 890104 Hybrid High Voltage Safety WBT
• 810133 Volkswagen New Technician Introduction: Reference guide (read through and explore each area outlined in this reference guide, the post assessment will be given after attending ILT 812700 New Technician Introduction)
Instructor-Led Training (Broken up Between Week 1 and Week 2)
• 812700 New Technician Introduction
• 871600 Electrical Systems
• 811102 Introduction to Volkswagen Scan Tools
• 81102 Diagnosis and Documentation
Post-Graduation
• ILT Post-assessments from Week 2
• Enrollment in first Specialty (i.e., Electrical, Engines, etc.)
Continuous Learning
• Required VW Cup videos and Tech Talks each quarter
FastTrack Electrical Specialty Program
Technicians will attend two weeks of training and achieve Electrical Specialty status upon completion.
Week 1:
• 870292 Input and Output Diagnosis
• 872602 Networking Systems
Week 2:
• 881702 Heating, Air Conditioning and Climate Control
• 870162 Volkswagen Electrical Diagnosis
vwhub.com
Notes:
VW Hub is a website that has links to a lot of the resources that technicians use. In addition, these links are categorized according to the tabs at the top of the screen. From this website, you can:
• Update your e-mail address
• Access vwwebsource
• Access ElsaPro
• And MUCH more!
vwhub.com
How do I sign in or register to access vwhub.com?
Go to www.vwhub.com
• Signing in:
– Log in with your username and password assigned to you
• Registration:
– Select the Register button next to New Dealer User Registration near the bottom of the screen
Notes:
vwhub.com
What if I forgot my password?Go to www.vwhub.com
• Select Forgot Password
• Enter your userID and answer the question you selected during the registration process
Notes:
VW Websource
Notes:
www.vwwebsource.com is a website that provides resources for all job roles in the dealership. In this Reference Guide, we will focus on the primary areas where technicians should begin. However, keep in mind, there is a LOT of information on vwwebsource. It is also constantly being updated and new information is being added. Check back on a regular basis to stay up to speed.
VW Websource Broken Down
Notes:
SSPs
Notes:
www.vwwebsource.com also has a library of Volkswagen’s Self Study Programs (SSPs). These are categorized by model or vehicle system and contain theoretical information about vehicles, systems and technologies.
SSPs can also be accessed through the CRC and VW Cup. SSP assessments are only located in the CRC.
Volkswagen Technology
Notes:
The Volkswagen Technology tab provides you a wealth of information about Volkswagen technology. It’s not just about presenting a short description of these features. The “How” and “Why” are also presented, so you have a solid understanding of the technology and how it is applied.
Tap image to access the VW Technical Glossary
Retail Qualification Championship (RQC)
Notes:
RQC is a yearly challenge to everyone in the dealer to prove they have what it takes to be among Volkswagen’s elite dealer personnel. A series of tests narrows down contestants to a single champion in four categories:
• Sales Consultant
• Service Consultant
• Technician/Shop Foreman
• Parts Consultant
Some of the tests are online, and some are hands-on. The purpose of these tests are to identify who has the best all around skills. The top contestants each year are sent to the National Finals for a chance to be named the best of the best!
Retail Qualification Championship (RQC)
Retail Qualification Championship (RQC)
Retail Qualification Championship (RQC) Finals
Instructor to play video
12
3
4
5
6
7
1. Your Certification Status
2. Displays Courses Depending on Your Selections
3. Locate a Course
4. Your Training Calendar
5. Your Transcript
6. E-mail Communication Inbox
7. Document and Information Library
Certification Resource Center Course Catalog Screen
Certification Resource Center
Enrolling in an Instructor-Led Course
Notes:
Locating a Self-Study Program
If you are looking for a Self-Study Program (SSP), use the Keyword search in combination with the Delivery Type. When you locate the correct SSP, select it. This launches a window that allows you to view or download the SSP for viewing later.
SSPs are also at www.vwwebsource.com and VW Cup.
However, the CRC is the only place where the assessment is located.
Launching an Assessment
Notes:
To find and launch an assessment, search by Keyword, or narrow your search by selecting Assessment under Delivery Type.
When you locate the correct assessment, select Select it. This opens a window and allows you to launch the assessment.
Notes:
VW Cup is a dynamic, personalized training platform.
Every time you complete new training challenges, you build your digital reputation.
Compete with colleagues as you participate in training and get the recognition you deserve for getting up to speed on all things VW.
VW Cup
VW Cup
Notes:
When you first log on, you’ll see the dashboard, which provides an overview of your progress, the national leaderboard, and some of the most recently added challenges. You’ll have access to the vast VW Academy training library, everything from micro-learning videos to self-study programs and web-based training modules.
VW Cup
Notes:
In 2017, we added Continuous Learning for all roles, enhanced the training library, added social integration features, and expanded our capabilities with challenges.
VW Cup
Notes:
You have access to your 2018 continuous learning certification requirements.
Compete with colleagues as you participate in training and get the recognition you deserve for getting up to speed on all things VW.
VW Cup
Notes:
Points you earn will now be eligible to be redeemed for VW and VW Cup branded merchandise. Keep coming back for access to more (including many exclusive, limited time) items!
ElsaPro is Volkswagen’s online repair manual. It provides repair information, wiring diagrams, Service Repair Times and much more.
To access ElsaPro, go to www.vwhub.com and select the link on the left side of the screen for ElsaPro.
What is ElsaPro
Notes:
What is Elsa2Go?
Elsa2Go is a Mobile Service Information app for Service Consultants and Technicians. It contains the same information you find in ElsaPro and more. The information is organized in a quick, easy to use mobile format, designed to follow you through the service core process.
Elsa2Go Benefits:
• Vehicle Information in one place and easily accessible while on the service drive with your customers.
• Repair information on a mobile tablet helps to increase process stability which leads to quicker repairs
• Integration with Xtime’s Premium level service allows Service personnel to view all vehicle and warranty information in one system while making appointments.
• Integration with Xtime’s Check-In 7 tablet improves the Walk-Around process, providing vehicle and warranty data within the tablet solution for a smooth customer interaction.
Elsa2Go Features:
• VIN Scan for faster information retrieval
• Multiple VIN Entry
• Vehicle Summary Page with OEM Warranty Information and warranty calculation
• Alerts for totaled vehicles, recalls, and more...
• Technical Service Bulletins At-A-Glance
• i-Wire integration
• Enhanced navigation & search capabilities
• User friendly design and format
• Ability to save Favorites - VINS & content
Elsa2Go Features Guide. Click to Open
Elsa2Go
GeKo ID
Notes:
To get vehicle-specific information, to adapt Immobilizer components or to perform other functions, you need a GeKo ID. A GeKo ID is certification that you are a person within the trusted Volkswagen network and can perform certain procedures, or have access to certain information.
A screenprint copy of the GeKo form is located on this page. However, you should always check for the latest form by logging into www.vwhub and entering “GeKo” in the search box located at the top right corner of the home page. Find the document link titled “GeKo ID Form.”
Complete the form and fax it to the number on the form. Leaving off any information causes a delays in processing of the form.
VW Google
Notes:
VW Google is a great way to search through:
• Technical Service Bulletins, Campaigns
• Required Vehicle Updates (RVUs)
• Tech Tips
• Fred
• Single VTA Cases
• Contact Reports
• Component Locations
• Wiring Diagrams
• Shared Folder
• Service Center
To access VW Google, select the Technical Assistance button on the home screen or in the upper toolbar.
The Technical Assistance screen appears. This screen displays not only open and escalated tickets, but also the VW Google button. To do a Google Search, Select the VW Google button.
VW Google
Notes:
The initial screen displays a list of data relevant to the vehicle information you entered into ElsaPro. You can search using any term in the search box at the top of the screen.
VW Google
Notes:
When the arrow is selected next to a header, such as Technical Bulletins, a complete list of that requested search data appears
The ePDI Tool is available either through vwhub as a direct link or through ServiceNet under Pre-Delivery. The tool allows for performing a PDI on a vehicle using the web - either on a computer or mobile device. It is extremely easy to use and greatly speeds up the PDI process.
Perfect Delivery 360 ePDI Tool
Transport Mode
Notes:
When a vehicle needs to be taken out of Transport Mode, follow these steps:
1. Launch ODIS using your scan tool.
2. Select the Start Diagnosis button at the bottom left of the screen.
3. Enter the vehicle specific data, making sure that the “Work with Guided Fault Finding” box is checked.
4. Select Apply when ready to continue.
Transport Mode
Notes:
5. You will be prompted to enter your ElsaPro login information. You can login now or later when the prompt appears. If waiting until later, simply select Cancel.
6. If you have an online connection, your Repair Order information should appear, as well as extra information or required updates. Select the Control Modules tab at the upper left of the screen.
If nothing appears, select the No RO button at the bottom of the screen.
There is also an option to enter your own R.O. number. We will not cover this process here.
Transport Mode
Notes:
7. Guided Fault Finding will scan the vehicle for faults.
8. If there are no faults, there will be no preselected test plans to complete. If there are faults in the vehicle and test plans need to be performed, make sure to turn off Transport Mode before attempting these test plans.
9. Right click on the Engine Control Module, then select Vehicle OBD.
Transport Mode
Notes:
9. Select Transport Mode from the menu, then Perform.
10. The test plan will run to remove the vehicle from Transport Mode.
Notes:
ServiceNet is a great place for you to locate technical information about Volkswagen vehicles. It has information about Campaigns, Technical Bulletins and many other items.
ServiceNet can be accessed from the ElsaPro top banner icon, or by using the ServiceNet button in vwhub.
ServiceNet
ServiceNet
Notes:
ServiceNet is divided into many areas. The main areas are:
• Feedback - Links to where you can view feedback on ServiceNet, GFF, etc
• Related Websites - Quick links to areas that have information relevant to your job role
• References - Reference materials that are relevant to your job role
• Repair Information News and Updates - The latest news regarding repair information
• What’s New - New items that have come out on ServiceNet - including Tech Tips, Technical Bulletins, etc.
ServiceNet
Notes:
There are tabs across the top of the page that can take you to additional areas for more information. From here, you can locate:
• Policies and Procedures
• Technical Bulletins
• Maintenance information
• Scan tool information
• and much, much more!
Each area of the United States has multiple FOMs to help the dealers with their day-to-day operations. The FOMs are responsible for:
• Customer satisfaction
• Parts sales
• Everything to do with the fixed operations business in the dealership (except technical issues)
• Discussing the following with technicians:
– Technical training
– Customer concerns (related to repair issues)
– Warranty matters
– Tools and equipment
– Some process issues like dealing with the Helpline and using the VTA system
Notes:
Fixed Operation Managers (FOMs)
Quality Technical Managers (QTMs)
Notes:
Each area of the United States has multiple QTMs to help the dealers with repairing difficult vehicles. These managers are very technical and can work with technicians to repair vehicles. The QTMs may also be dispatched by the VW Technician Helpline.
They are responsible for:
• Providing on-site technical support to the dealership
• Providing limited training to technicians, when needed, to improve his/her understanding of proper diagnostic process,equipment operation or system overviews
• Monitoring open VTA cases within their area of responsibility
• Meeting with Service Manager/General Manager upon arrival and departure to discuss service department status (missing or damaged tools, vehicles that have been at the dealer for over 10 days for repairs, areas within the dealership or technicians that are performing exceptionally well or are in need of training, etc.)
• Inspecting dealership scan tools to ensure they have the most current level of diagnostic software
• Randomly selecting and inspecting a sample of dealer inventory vehicles, for possible areas to improve vehicle quality or overall customer ownership experience
• Acting as liaison between factory or corporate personnel and dealerships when requested
• Identifying product quality opportunities and providing information to factory teams
Notes:
The Dealer Technician’s Helpline is a team of professionals dedicated to helping you repair vehicle concerns. Their mission is to provide exceptional support to the dealer body, by delivering accurate repair direction for “Fixed Right the First Time.”
They don’t just help you when you have a problem car. They are continually working behind the scenes with other groups (Engineering, Assembly Plants, the Ports), for repairs and updates that impact all vehicles.
Before you contact the Helpline, you must open a Volkswagen Technical Assistance (VTA) case. The purpose of this VTA case is to make sure “No Car is Left Behind.” VTA is an organized escalation process that facilitates faster Dealer assistance. A VTA case:
• Provides faster resolution of technical concerns
• Reduces vehicle down time
• Supports Fixed Right the First Time (FRFT)
• Reduces Buy-backs
• Improves customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Dealer Technician Helpline
Dealer Technician Helpline
Notes:
Dealer Technician Helpline Hours
Monday-Friday 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM EST
Saturday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM EST (closed 1:00 to 2:00 PM)
Closed Mondays from 2:30 to 4:00 PM for weekly meeting
Requirements for the Follow-up/Escalation Program
• When you need assistance with repairing a vehicle:
• Create a VTA ticket using ElsaPro (outlined in the next couple of pages)
• Call the Helpline for any vehicle down more than two days
• Call the Helpline for any repeat concern
• Keep a VTA ticket open until the vehicle is repaired or leaves the dealership
• Meet the Dealer Preparedness requirement before calling (Document #VSS-08-12)
Useful Links
How to create a VTA Ticket:
https://www.vwhub.com/snetljct/documents/10302/c3f16f74-5409-4c42-9148-5a1f87c0bba4
How to attach/save documents:
https://www.vwhub.com/snetljct/documents/10302/cda10fa1-0bff-4c99-9467-22282ff4a074
VTA Ticket follow-up/escalation VSS-09-18:
https://www.vwhub.com/snetljct/documents/10302/2b1c9429-e2f2-489b-8a02-206aea710121
New VW Google search tool VSS-09-05:
https://www.vwhub.com/snetljct/documents/10302/fb5c89c6-ba16-4bd1-94d8-c92aeff7f4ef
VW Google search tips:
https://www.vwhub.com/snetljct/documents/10302/47871095-c96f-4d1d-9d3c-30879c2a08fa
Google video help:
https://www.vwhub.com/snetljct/en/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=93d98543-b45b-46dc-8dea-90570f0a1a2b&groupId=10302
Routan diagnostic log:
https://www.vwhub.com/snetljct/documents/10302/856c5aee-20ec-48ce-9a1a-62c8835ae11c
To the right, is a list of frequently used and useful links from Service Net.
These documents contain the information to assist you in creating a VTA ticket, along with what information and attachments should be included.
Creating a VTA Ticket
1. Log into ElsaPro
2. Enter the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) of the vehicle
3. Select the Technical Assistance button
– Call the Helpline (800-678-2389) for any vehicle down more than two days
– Call the Helpline for any repeat concern
– Keep the VTA ticket open until the vehicle is repaired or leaves the dealership
4. Please reference VSS 08-12 and 11-14 and Tech Tip 00-09-02. This information will detail the required information to be included in the VTA ticket
5. Then select Create Ticket on the next screen
Creating a VTA Ticket
6. Fill in all necessary information below
7. A file MUST be attached (GFF log, screenshot,picture, etc)
– PLEASE fill in as much information as possible in the Customer Concern area!
8. Select “Submit” at the bottom when complete.
Creating a VTA Ticket
9. A screen with your VTA Ticket information is displayed. Write down this VTA number. However, you can log in and see your open tickets anytime.
– Check your open VTA tickets every day!
What to do After Calling the Helpline:
• Follow the recommendation given to you by the Helpline• Update the VTA case with your findings and/or results• Call back if/when more assistance is needed
Any delay in communicating with the Helpline slows down the escalation process
It is VERY important to manage your VTA cases every day. Any open case is viewed as a “vehicle down.”
If the customer takes the vehicle for any reason, the vehicle is no longer considered “down” and the case should be closed.
When necessary, Helpline personnel can take command of your scan tool to help with diagnosis. This is called Telediagnosis.
For this to happen:
• Ensure a battery charger is connected to the vehicle.
• Have a hard-wired internet connection to the scan tool. Make sure the scan tool is updated to the latest software level.
• Have access to a phone at the vehicle, in case other actions become necessary.
• For additional information regarding telediagnosis, reference Tech Tips 00-11-05 and 00-07-90.
After a Helpline Consultant has taken over your scan tool, they will talk to you as they are performing certain processes.
Remember, they are only seeing the scan tool screen. You are their eyes and ears for what’s happening with the vehicle.
Reference
Important Phone NumbersDealer Technician Helpline
Phone: 800-678-2389
ODIS Support
Phone: 888-896-1298
Warranty
• email: [email protected]
• Phone: 866-306-8447
• FAX: 248-754-6557
• Document Requests: FAX 248-754-4734 or email [email protected]
Warranty Parts Return Center (WPRC)
• Mailing Address:
Volkswagen Group of America, Attn: Warranty Parts Return Center, 3800 Hamlin Road, Auburn Hills, MI 48326
Certified Pre-Owned (CPO) Warranty
• email: [email protected]
• Phone: 866-306-8447
• FAX: 248-754-6535
Academy Concierge
• Phone: 877-791-4838
• email: [email protected]
Reference
Tap cover image to take the online post assessment for this course!!
Reference
Reference
Instructor to play video
Return
1
Contents 10, 12 and 18 Way Seat .............................................................................................................................. 7
4MOTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
4XMOTION.................................................................................................................................................... 7
DSG (Direct Shift Gearbox) .......................................................................................................................... 8
ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System) .................................................................................................................... 8
ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) .................................................................................................................... 9
Active Return ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Active Safety ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Adaptive chassis control (DCC) ................................................................................................................. 10
AdBlue ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Aerodynamics ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Aero Wipers ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Airbag ......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Airbag Control Unit .................................................................................................................................... 11
Air Conditioning ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Air Quality Sensor ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Air Suspension ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Alarm System ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Anti-Roll Bar .............................................................................................................................................. 13
Anti-Theft Alarm System .......................................................................................................................... 13
Approach Angle ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Area View ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Aspherical Door Mirrors ............................................................................................................................ 14
ASR (Automatic Slip Regulation) .............................................................................................................. 14
Auto Hold Function ................................................................................................................................... 14
Automatic Post-Collision Braking System ............................................................................................... 15
Automatic Transmission ........................................................................................................................... 15
Autonomous Emergency Braking (Front Assist) ..................................................................................... 15
Aux-In ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Belt Force Limiter ...................................................................................................................................... 16
2
Belt Tensioners .......................................................................................................................................... 16
Bi-Xenon® Headlights ............................................................................................................................... 16
Bluetooth® ................................................................................................................................................. 16
Body Galvanization .................................................................................................................................... 17
Body Quality ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Body Rigidity .............................................................................................................................................. 17
BorgWarner Coupling ................................................................................................................................ 17
Brakes ......................................................................................................................................................... 18
Brake Energy Regeneration (Recuperation) ............................................................................................ 18
Brake Servo (Duo) ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Camshaft/Camshaft Adjustment ............................................................................................................. 18
Carbon Dioxide........................................................................................................................................... 19
Carbon Monoxide....................................................................................................................................... 19
Catalytic Converter .................................................................................................................................... 19
Cd Value ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Central Locking .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Center Differential ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Climatronic ................................................................................................................................................. 20
Coming Home Function ............................................................................................................................ 21
Common Rail System ................................................................................................................................ 21
CDC (Continuous Damping Control) ......................................................................................................... 22
Convenient Open-Close Function ............................................................................................................ 22
Cornering Light .......................................................................................................................................... 22
Corrosion Protection ................................................................................................................................. 22
Counter-Steering Assistance .................................................................................................................... 22
Crash Sensors ............................................................................................................................................. 23
Crash Tests ................................................................................................................................................. 23
Cruise Control ............................................................................................................................................ 23
CSC Roof System ....................................................................................................................................... 24
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) ............................................................................................................. 24
Data Bus ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
3
Daytime Running Lights (DRL) ................................................................................................................. 24
Diesel Particulate Filter ............................................................................................................................. 24
Differential ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Digital Sound Processing (DSP) ................................................................................................................ 25
Direct Injection .......................................................................................................................................... 25
Diversity Aerial (antenna) .......................................................................................................................... 26
Double- Wishbone Suspension ................................................................................................................ 26
Dynaudio Sound System ........................................................................................................................... 26
Easy Entry .................................................................................................................................................. 26
EBD (Electronic Brake-Force Distribution) .............................................................................................. 27
EDL (Electronic Differential Lock) ............................................................................................................ 27
Electromechanical Power Steering .......................................................................................................... 27
Electronic Accelerator ............................................................................................................................... 27
Electronic Differential Lock (EDL) ............................................................................................................ 27
Electronic Differential Lock (XDS) ............................................................................................................ 28
Electronic Engine Management ............................................................................................................... 28
Electronic Immobilizer .............................................................................................................................. 28
Electronic Stabilization Control (ESC) ...................................................................................................... 29
Engine Control Unit ................................................................................................................................... 29
Engine Drag Torque Control (MSR) .......................................................................................................... 30
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) .............................................................................................................. 30
Fender Premium Audio ............................................................................................................................. 30
Fording Depth ............................................................................................................................................ 30
Forward Collision Warning ....................................................................................................................... 31
Four Link Front Suspension ...................................................................................................................... 31
Freewheel Function .................................................................................................................................. 31
FSI (Fuel Straight Injection) ...................................................................................................................... 31
Gradability .................................................................................................................................................. 31
HBA (Hydraulic Brake Assist) .................................................................................................................... 32
Headlight Washer System ........................................................................................................................ 32
Head Restraints ......................................................................................................................................... 32
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Heat Insulating Glass ................................................................................................................................. 33
Hill Descent Assist ..................................................................................................................................... 33
Hill Start Assist ........................................................................................................................................... 33
Hybrid Drive ............................................................................................................................................... 33
Infotainment .............................................................................................................................................. 33
Infrared Reflective Glass ........................................................................................................................... 34
Intercooler .................................................................................................................................................. 34
KESSY Locking and Starting System ........................................................................................................ 34
Knock Sensor .............................................................................................................................................. 34
Lane Departure Warning (Lane Assist) .................................................................................................... 35
Laser Welding ............................................................................................................................................ 35
LATCH (ISOFIX) ........................................................................................................................................... 36
Lateral Acceleration Sensor ...................................................................................................................... 36
Lateral Gradient ......................................................................................................................................... 36
LED Technology ......................................................................................................................................... 36
Low Range ................................................................................................................................................. 36
Lumbar Support ......................................................................................................................................... 37
McPherson Strut Suspension .................................................................................................................... 37
Media- In .................................................................................................................................................... 37
Memory Function ...................................................................................................................................... 37
MIB (Modularer Infotainment Baukasten) ............................................................................................... 38
Mobile Phone Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 38
MP3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 38
MPI (Multi-Port Injection) ......................................................................................................................... 38
MultiFuel .................................................................................................................................................... 39
Multi-Function Display (MFD) .................................................................................................................. 39
Multi-Link Rear Suspension ...................................................................................................................... 39
MQB (Modularer Querbaukasten) ............................................................................................................ 39
Navigation System .................................................................................................................................... 39
NOx (Nitrogen Oxide) Exhaust Treatment System ................................................................................. 40
Occupant Cell (Safety Cell Construction) ................................................................................................. 40
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Octane Number ......................................................................................................................................... 40
Off Road Driving Program ........................................................................................................................ 41
Off Road Mode ........................................................................................................................................... 41
On-Board Computer .................................................................................................................................. 41
Oxidizing Catalytic Converter ................................................................................................................... 41
Oxygen Sensor ........................................................................................................................................... 41
Panoramic Sunroof .................................................................................................................................... 42
Park Distance Warning Systems (ParkPilot) ............................................................................................ 42
Parking Brake- Electronic ......................................................................................................................... 42
Parking Steering Assistant (Park Assist) .................................................................................................. 42
Passive Safety ............................................................................................................................................ 42
Pedestrian Protection ............................................................................................................................... 43
Radio Data System (RDS) .......................................................................................................................... 43
Rain Sensor ................................................................................................................................................ 43
Ramp Angle ................................................................................................................................................ 44
Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) ................................................................................................................ 44
Rear Traffic Alert ....................................................................................................................................... 44
Restraint System ....................................................................................................................................... 44
Roll-Over Mitigation System .................................................................................................................... 44
Rotational Angle Sensor ........................................................................................................................... 45
Running Gear ............................................................................................................................................. 45
Safety Steering Column ............................................................................................................................ 45
SCR Catalytic Converter ............................................................................................................................ 46
Seat Belt ..................................................................................................................................................... 46
Side-Impact Protection ............................................................................................................................. 46
Speed-Dependent Power Steering .......................................................................................................... 47
Speed-Dependent Volume Control .......................................................................................................... 47
Sport Seats ................................................................................................................................................. 47
Sport Suspension ....................................................................................................................................... 47
Supercharger .............................................................................................................................................. 47
Sustainability.............................................................................................................................................. 47
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TDI ® ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
Tiptronic ® .................................................................................................................................................. 48
Torque ........................................................................................................................................................ 48
Torque Converter ....................................................................................................................................... 48
Torsen Differential .................................................................................................................................... 48
Torsion Beam Rear Suspension ................................................................................................................ 49
Traction Control (ASR) ............................................................................................................................... 49
Trapezoidal- Link Rear Suspension .......................................................................................................... 49
TSI (Turbo Straight Injection) .................................................................................................................... 49
Turbocharger ............................................................................................................................................. 50
Variable Intake Manifold ........................................................................................................................... 50
Variable Vane Geometry ........................................................................................................................... 50
VR Engines ................................................................................................................................................. 51
Water Soluble Paints ................................................................................................................................. 51
W-Engine ................................................................................................................................................... 51
Wheel Speed Sensor .................................................................................................................................. 51
Xenon Headlights ...................................................................................................................................... 52
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10, 12 and 18 Way Seat Multi-adjustable seats ensure comfortable and fatigue-free travel, even on long journeys. This feeling of wellbeing is achieved by finding an ideal sitting position suited to each individual occupant. To this end, the seat can be adjusted in a wide variety of ways and adapted to different builds and statures. The lumbar support built into the backrest relieves the strain on the spinal column and guards against possible discomfort resulting from incorrect posture, cramps or existing back problems. The electrical operation allows for convenient and infinitely variable seat adjustment. 10-way seat Apart from the fore/aft positioning, also allows adjustment of the seat height and depth, the backrest angle and the lumbar support. 12-way seat Apart from the fore/aft positioning, also allows adjustment of the seat height and depth, the seat cushion and backrest angle, and the lumbar support. 18-way seat Offers luxurious levels of comfort: apart from the fore/aft positioning, also allows adjustment of the seat height and depth, the seat cushion and backrest angle, the top of the backrest, as well as the lumbar support, the head restraint height and finally the seat cushion depth too.
4MOTION 4MOTION is Volkswagen’s permanent four-wheel drive system. The 4MOTION permanent four-wheel drive system from Volkswagen distributes the engine’s power to all four wheels as required. On models where the engine is installed longitudinally, a Torsen differential splits the drive force between the front and rear axles. Vehicles with a transverse engine are fitted with the BorgWarner coupling. 4MOTION provides high active safety, reliable traction on virtually all surfaces and optimum directional stability at all times, even in cross-winds. The fact that its extra safety reserves are available permanently gives it a clear edge over driver-operated four-wheel drive systems. Furthermore, 4MOTION can be combined with all dynamics control systems such as electronic stabilization program (ESC), traction control (ASR), engine drag torque control (MSR) and electronic differential lock (EDL).
4XMOTION 4XMOTION was the electronically controlled permanent four-wheel drive system in the MY04-10 Touareg. The permanent four-wheel drive system was the basis for its extraordinary off-road capability. The Touareg featured a lockable center differential with a multi-plate clutch and low-range gear. In normal operation, power distribution between the front and rear axles is smoothly adjusted as a function of the amount of slip. In addition, the center differential could be locked to produce a fixed distribution ratio of the drive torque. The low-range gear ratio (2.69:1) for heavy-duty off-road driving can be selected electrically using the chassis control switch. This provided maximum drive force at low vehicle speeds and enabled the Touareg to tackle gradients as steep as 100 percent (45°). If required, 4XMOTION could be ordered with a rear-axle differential that
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produced a 100 percent locking effect between the rear wheels. The differential lock (100 percent) is activated manually at the driver’s command. The cross-axle lock is also automatically activated according to the situation encountered to improve traction and driving dynamics.
DSG (Direct Shift Gearbox) DSG gearboxes comprise two independent gearbox units. As they move through the gears, the dual-clutch mechanism allows the engine to engage with each of the two gearboxes in turn via two drive shafts. The dual-clutch gearbox permits an automatic gear change with no interruption in power flow. The gearbox is controlled via a mechatronics module, which houses the electronic control unit, various sensors as well as the hydraulic control elements in a single compact unit. The DSG dual-clutch gearbox features two driving programs: normal mode and sport mode. In Sport mode, the DSG holds on to the gears for longer, as well as shifting down earlier as necessary. However, gear changes can also be made manually. Tiptronic switches on the multifunction steering wheel make this action particularly sporty. Operation of the clutch is always fully automatic, however. The 6-speed DSG is suited to higher-powered engines with torques of over 184 lb-ft. The dual clutch consists of two multi-plate clutches running in an oil bath. The 7-speed DSG gearbox comes in two different versions: • For smaller engines: the maximum torque is 184 lb-ft. In this instance the dual clutch is dry-
running, without an oil bath. • For engines subjected to higher loads: the maximum torque is 442 lb-ft. This DSG is therefore
designed to cope with high torques.
ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System) When the driver brakes hard on a slippery road surface, the anti-lock braking system prevents the wheels from locking, so that the vehicle can still be steered. When the wheels lock up, they are no longer able to transmit cornering forces, meaning that the driver loses control of the vehicle. To prevent this from happening, the ABS control unit uses wheel speed sensors to monitor the rotational speed of each wheel. If it detects that a wheel is about to lock, a solenoid valve in the anti-lock braking system’s control unit reduces the brake pressure applied at the wheel in question until it starts to rotate freely again. The pressure is subsequently increased to the lock-up threshold once more. The vehicle remains stable and steerable. This process is repeated several times per second in all Volkswagen models. The driver can tell when the anti-lock braking system is in action by a slight juddering of the brake pedal. Within the anti-lock braking system’s operating range, the vehicle can be steered with ease even while full braking power is being applied. This helps the driver to avoid obstacles or a collision with other vehicles.
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A note regarding ABS: on certain surfaces, such as gravel or firm ground covered by snow, the standard ABS system may have the effect of increasing the braking distance.
ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) controls the speed set by the driver, based on the speed of vehicles ahead. If a vehicle is detected in front of the Volkswagen, ACC keeps a constant set distance from the other vehicle. ACC accelerates on its own to the set maximum speed, and it automatically brakes when a detected vehicle in front slows down. When the path in front is clear, the system will accelerate and maintain the set speed. A sensor constantly monitors the area in front of the vehicle. The driver can use the accelerator to interrupt the ACC control and accelerate faster. Use of the brake pedal immediately deactivates the ACC function. All system messages appear in the central multifunction display. • ACC with Follow to Stop: ACC with Follow to Stop will follow the vehicle in front to a complete
stop. Using the Resume function or pressing the accelerator will resume ACC, and accelerate based on the vehicle in front.
• ACC with Stop and Go: After stopping, the vehicle automatically resumes driving within a defined time or when the vehicle in front accelerates from a stop, or if the driver chooses to do so.
Active Return Active return is a convenience and safety-enhancing function of Volkswagen’s electromechanical power steering. The positive centering and the steering torque which results from this, even at the smallest steering angles, offer drivers an unprecedented standard of steering precision. Active return makes for more comfortable steering and a greater feeling of safety as fewer corrections have to be made to the steering.
Active Safety All systems which actively intervene to help defuse critical driving situations and prevent accidents from happening come under the heading of active safety. Driver assistance systems such as ESC, brake assist, Front Assist and Side Assist are of central importance in this respect. The main aspects of active safety are:
• Directional stability: this is the result of the chassis set-up with regard to drive concept, suspension and cornering stability. Steering precision, braking power and braking stability also have a role to play.
• Physiological safety: this describes the strain placed on the occupants by vehicle vibrations, noise from the chassis and engine as well as climatic influences.
• Perceptual safety: this is improved by a well-designed vehicle lighting layout and by good visibility (all-round view, clear view to the rear with the blind spot kept as small as possible).
• Operational safety: this is achieved thanks to the logical arrangement of all control stalks and switches for e.g. the lights, windscreen wipers, air conditioning and infotainment
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systems. All elements must be placed within easy reach of the driver in the best position possible.
• The combination of active and passive safety features helps to ensure optimum protection for all occupants of the vehicle.
Adaptive chassis control (DCC) Adaptive chassis control (DCC) makes it possible to adjust the running gear to a normal, sporty or comfortable tuning. The electrically adjustable damping system adapts automatically to the setting, as does the electromechanical power steering. DCC responds continually to changing driving situations and takes braking, steering and accelerating operations into account. Adaptive chassis control (DCC) provides for considerably enhanced driving characteristics. The driver is no longer restricted to a certain running gear configuration. Rather, he is able to individually adapt his vehicle. A push of a button on the center console is all it takes.
AdBlue The SCR catalytic converter (Selective Catalytic Reduction) converts the exhaust constituent nitrogen oxide (NOx) into nitrogen and water without producing undesirable by-products. This conversion takes place using a synthetically produced aqueous urea solution, e.g. AdBlue, which is carried in an auxiliary tank. The substance, containing 32.5 percent urea, is added continuously to the exhaust tract upstream of the SCR catalytic converter. It is metered according to the mass flow rate of the exhaust gas and is precisely regulated by the engine management system, which receives information from the NOx sensor behind the SCR catalytic converter.
Aerodynamics A key consideration when designing a vehicle body are the aerodynamics, which have an impact on fuel consumption, top speed and acoustic levels. The drag coefficient (Cd value) as measured in the wind tunnel sums up the vehicle’s aerodynamic qualities. A number of variables influence the Cd value, including the vehicle shape (saloon, estate or hatchback). The design of the underbody also has an effect. Aerodynamic drag is caused by the displacement of the air surrounding the vehicle and the friction between the air and the vehicle’s surface. The following formula is used for calculating aerodynamic drag: Aerodynamic drag = vehicle speed squared x frontal area x Cd value x ½ air density. The typical streamlined Volkswagen body design combines with narrow gaps and joints to reduce buffeting and keep drag low. This in turn translates into favorable fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions. The most critical variable is vehicle speed, however, as doubling the speed quadruples the aerodynamic drag.
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Aero Wipers The aero wipers from Volkswagen ensure that wipe quality is consistent even when the vehicle is travelling at high speed. Compared with conventional wipers, aero wipers make less noise. The wiper technology benefits above all from the way the air is ingeniously guided around the streamlined form of the wiper blade. The blades’ better drag coefficient and lower weight compared with conventional blades also help to reduce CO2. The wiper arm is noted for its particularly high rigidity and is able to apply additional down force on the wiper blade without the aid of any further add-on parts. Consequently, windscreen wiper "judder" is a thing of the past. The driver can feel safe and relaxed, even when driving in extremely heavy rain. This is also thanks to the extremely large wiper pattern. As the rubber wiper blade elements wear down at a slower rate they do not have to be replaced as often, thus cutting maintenance costs. Furthermore, the aero wipers are designed to satisfy all requirements, even at high speeds and in dry weather.
Airbag Airbags combine with the seat belts to reduce the risk of severe head and chest injuries in collisions with a certain severity. If the crash sensors register an impact that exceeds the value needed to trigger the airbags, the airbag control unit ignites the gas generator. This inflates the airbags within 35 to 45 milliseconds. The activated airbags cushion the head and upper body, distributing the forces across as large an area as possible. Just 120 milliseconds later, the gas escapes and the airbag collapses. Optimum protection can only be achieved if the occupants are wearing their seat belts properly, as the airbags and the seat belt tensioners together form a finely tuned safety system. Other available airbags in addition to the ones for the front are side airbags, knee airbags and a head airbag system.
Airbag Control Unit The airbag control unit detects and evaluates a crash, before triggering the appropriate restraint systems according to the type of collision and its severity. Information is supplied to the control unit by as many as six acceleration sensors (crash sensors). The airbag control unit is equipped with acceleration sensors for the vehicle’s longitudinal, lateral and vertical axes. It also incorporates a rotational speed sensor which monitors the rotation of the vehicle around its longitudinal axis. The sensors in the control unit are used to evaluate and compare the signals from the other sensors. This then enables the control unit to determine the direction of the impact and its severity, on the basis of which it can trigger the appropriate restraint systems. The crash signal outputs connect the airbag control unit to additional CAN data bus systems to facilitate the task of locating and rescuing the occupants following an accident. The extensive research and ongoing development carried out at Volkswagen have refined control of the restraint systems to such an extent that the protective effect can be optimized across the full spectrum of crash types. Front airbags with two-stage deployment controlled by the severity of the impact further reduce the risk of injury for the driver and front passenger. The system is able to differentiate between a crash, whatever its severity, and severe shocks to the
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vehicle caused by hitting a stone or a deep pothole, for example. This eliminates the possibility of a restraint system being deployed without a crash even occurring.
Air Conditioning The air conditioning system essentially consists of the refrigerant system, heating and blower unit. It complements the ventilation system in a vehicle. The refrigerant system works as follows: the compressor, powered by the engine, compresses the gaseous refrigerant. The refrigerant is heated up and is then guided to the condenser, where it cools down and is liquefied. An expansion valve injects the cooled liquid into the evaporator, where the refrigerant is evaporated. In the process, heat is extracted from the surrounding area. In simple terms, before the air enters the vehicle interior it is directed through the air conditioner’s evaporator, where it loses its heat to the refrigerant. The cooled and dried air is then blown into the interior. Some systems feature an externally regulated compressor with an evaporator temperature which can be regulated between 35 and 53 °F. This ensures that the air is not dehumidified any more than is necessary, meaning that the amount of energy required, and therefore fuel consumption, is reduced. Volkswagen offers both a semi-automatic air conditioning system and "Climatronic" automatic air conditioning for its cars.
Air Quality Sensor At Volkswagen, the air quality sensor is part of the “Climatronic” automatic air conditioning system. It measures pollutants, in the form of oxidizable or reducible gases, in the air outside your car. Oxidizable gases include carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (vapors from benzene or petrol) and other incompletely burnt fuel components. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are reducible gases. If the quality of the outside air drops – in a traffic jam or when driving through a tunnel, for example – the control system activates the Climatronic’s air recirculation mode, stopping polluted air from coming in and reducing the quality of air inside your car.
Air Suspension Air suspension offers an extremely high level of ride comfort. It uses rubber bellows filled with compressed air instead of conventional steel springs. The height of the car body can be adjusted by altering the volume of air in the bellows. Volkswagen offers an air suspension system with continuous damper adjustment. Thanks to automatic ride height control, the body is kept at the same level regardless of the load the car is carrying. Pitching motions when braking or accelerating are compensated for. The air suspension and damper system improves ride comfort significantly.
Alarm System The anti-theft alarm system with electronic immobilizer offers maximum protection against vehicle theft. Audible and visual warning signals attract the attention of passers-by and deter
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potential thieves. An acoustic alarm is triggered when unauthorized entry is detected by contacts on the doors, engine compartment and luggage compartment lid or by ultrasonic motion sensors. The ultrasonic system also detects anyone trying to get into the car through a broken window. The latest generation of anti-theft alarms has a warning horn that operates independently of the car’s own electrical system and a time-controlled alarm that sounds in response to the unauthorized opening of a door. Locking the car primes the alarm, unlocking the car turns it off. Some Volkswagen models include tilt sensors as part of the anti-theft alarm system. If these detect any change in the car’s position (caused by an attempt to tow it away) the alarm will sound. Initially, the horn sounds intermittently for 30 seconds and the hazard warning lights flash continuously. The anti-theft alarm system “Plus” also includes interior monitoring and tow-away protection to prevent the vehicle being towed away by force.
Anti-Roll Bar
The anti-roll bar is normally a U-shaped round bar, 10 to 60 millimeters in diameter. The middle section of the "U" is attached crossways on the car body on pivoting rubber mounts, its bent ends joined to the suspension. In this way, lever forces occurring on one side act to balance the opposite side. Anti-roll bars improve tracking, and thus the handling of a vehicle. At the same time, they also reduce body roll. The improved tracking makes cornering even safer and more comfortable.
Anti-Theft Alarm System The anti-theft alarm system with electronic immobilizer offers maximum protection against vehicle theft. Audible and visual warning signals attract the attention of passers-by and deter potential thieves. An acoustic alarm is triggered when unauthorized entry is detected by contacts on the doors, engine compartment and luggage compartment lid or by ultrasonic motion sensors. The ultrasonic system also detects anyone trying to get into the car through a broken window. The latest generation of anti-theft alarms has a warning horn that operates independently of the car’s own electrical system and a time-controlled alarm that sounds in response to the unauthorized opening of a door. Locking the car primes the alarm, unlocking the car turns it off. Some Volkswagen models include tilt sensors as part of the anti-theft alarm system. If these detect any change in the car’s position (caused by an attempt to tow it away) the alarm will sound. Initially, the horn sounds intermittently for 30 seconds and the hazard warning lights flash continuously. The anti-theft alarm system “Plus” also includes interior monitoring and tow-away protection to prevent the vehicle being towed away by force.
Approach Angle
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Approach angle is the name given to the transition angle formed at the point where a horizontal plane turns into an uphill incline.
Area View Area View supplies live images from around the car into the cockpit. These enable the driver to view his immediate surroundings. The system offers a variety of perspectives and views to provide the driver with optimum assistance in any traffic situation. A total of four cameras provide the reassuring 360-degree view. And with the 180-degree wide-angle lenses at the front and rear, the driver’s field of vision is even extended by the areas 90-degrees to the left and right of the vehicle's foremost and rearmost points. So it is literally possible to see around corners. The system assists the driver in difficult maneuvers such as when coupling up and reversing a trailer or when driving off-road. The images from the cameras are processed digitally and shown in real time in the radio or radio/navigation system display.
Aspherical Door Mirrors Aspherical door mirrors feature a split mirror surface, part of which has a convex curvature. This increases the field of view provided by the rear-view mirror. Correctly adjusting an aspherical door mirror to the driver’s seat position almost totally eliminates the blind spot. All models in the Volkswagen passenger car range are fitted with an aspherical door mirror on the driver’s side.
ASR (Automatic Slip Regulation) For the high-torque engines, the traction control system offers more comfort and safety, particularly when driving on slippery roads or surfaces with differing degrees of grip. The traction control system facilitates smooth starting and acceleration over the entire speed range without wheel spin or fishtailing. The traction control system operates in tandem with the electronic accelerator (E-Gas) and uses the wheel speed sensors of the antilock braking system (ABS). If a sudden increase in speed is detected at one of the drive wheels (slip), the traction control intervenes in the engine management system to counter this effect by throttling back engine power. Traction control assures good traction and directional stability in the acceleration phase across the entire speed range and thus promotes active safety. In addition, it reduces tire wear. Traction control also incorporates the electronic differential lock (EDL) and makes up part of the electronic stabilization program (ESC)
Auto Hold Function The Volkswagen Auto Hold function is an extension of the electronic parking brake. The Auto Hold function prevents the vehicle from rolling away accidentally when standing still or setting off, without the driver having to keep his foot on the brake pedal. In this way Auto Hold offers the ultimate in comfort and convenience when driving or setting off, along with enhanced safety.
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The system is operated via the ABS/ESC hydraulic unit. When the vehicle is braked to a standstill, Auto Hold retains the last-applied braking pressure. The driver can take his foot off the brake pedal and all four wheel brakes stay on. If the ABS wheel speed sensors detect any rolling, the braking force is automatically increased until the car comes to a standstill again. This may be the case if, for example, the driver brakes gently to a stop on an incline. As soon as the driver presses the accelerator again and, in the case of manual gearboxes, releases the clutch, Auto Hold releases the brakes again. For safety reasons, the function always has to be reactivated by means of a button to the left of the gear lever.
Automatic Post-Collision Braking System The Automatic Post-Collision Braking System automatically brakes and slows the vehicle after an initial collision to reduce its kinetic energy. This important driver assistance technology is designed to prevent or lessen the severity of secondary impact, such as against another vehicle or roadside object, even if the driver is unable to control the vehicle. The system triggers automatic emergency braking once sensors detect an initial collision through airbag deployment, rapid deceleration, additional force on the doors, or a combination of the above. The system performs braking down to a remaining vehicle speed of 6 MPH. The driver can interrupt the braking at any time by accelerating or braking even more strongly.
Automatic Transmission Automatic transmissions move the vehicle forward from a standstill, select and change gear without the driver’s intervention. The fact that the driver no longer has to use his left foot for the clutch pedal or right hand for gear changes helps to increase safety as well as personal comfort. The engine’s power is transmitted by a torque converter. Other assemblies include the planetary gear set with up to eight gears and a hydraulic or electronic/hydraulic control.
Autonomous Emergency Braking (Front Assist) Autonomous Emergency Braking (Front Assist) is a system that takes the Forward Collision Warning system a step further by braking automatically if the sensors detect a potential collision. Autonomous Emergency Braking will initiate a short activate braking maneuver should the driver not react to the Forward Collision Warning. This is done with short, jerky braking of the vehicle. If the driver should again fail to react to the alert, Autonomous Emergency Braking will initiate an automatic braking maneuver which will slow down the vehicle, gradually increasing braking force. Shortly before a collision, the system will initiate emergency braking to bring the vehicle to a full stop, or to mitigate the effects of a collision.
Aux-In
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The AUX-IN multimedia socket (at the top of the illustration) can be used to connect an external audio source to the radio or radio/navigation system. The connected device is operated by its own controls, but the volume is adjusted via the radio or radio/navigation system.
Belt Force Limiter
The belt force limiter reduces the force of the seat belt on the vehicle occupants above a certain threshold. In conjunction with belt tensioners and airbags, it thus lessens the risk of upper body injuries to front passengers. In order to achieve this, a torsion bar in the belt retractor distorts. The system then releases the belt at a predefined force level. The maximum shoulder belt force is thus reduced and the occupants are intercepted more gently by belt and airbag. Even without an additional airbag or belt tensioner (e.g. in the rear compartment), this belt force limiter reduces the load on occupants.
Belt Tensioners
The seat belt must restrain the occupants as quickly as possible in the event of an accident, and so must be worn tightly. Because of the occupants’ clothing in particular, this is not always the case. This effect is known as belt slack. Modern-day belt tensioners incorporate a small pyrotechnic device that tensions the belt when triggered. This then eliminates belt slack. Belt tensioners are triggered electrically by the airbag control unit and tighten the belt within a fraction of a second. As the belt is then tighter to the body, the occupants decelerate along with the vehicle at an earlier stage, and the loading on the body is distributed evenly across the full restraint process, thereby reducing the risk of injury.
Bi-Xenon® Headlights The Bi-Xenon ("bi" = two) is a more advanced version of the xenon headlight and allows a single headlight to generate both high and low beam. When low beam is selected, the light beam is partially shielded by a moving shutter. To switch to high beam, the shutter is moved out of the light beam’s path to release the additional luminous power.
Bluetooth® Bluetooth provides a system for wireless communication between different portable devices such as mobile phones or other personal electronic devices. The connection consists of a radio link between the devices’ transmitters and receivers.
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This allows a transmission range of around ten meters, which is sufficient for linking up individual devices inside the vehicle. As further protection against interception of data transmission, every Bluetooth device is assigned a profile. This profile consists of an ID number which is guaranteed to be unique worldwide. This ID allows the devices that are linked up to identify each other. Encryption with a 128-bit code, which is randomly generated for each new communication process, provides additional protection when transmitting data.
Body Galvanization The most reliable method of protecting sheet steel against corrosion is galvanizing. In galvanization, the zinc does not form a loose layer on the sheet, but reacts to create a stable compound which is also immune to surface damage. Galvanization, which is applied in very thin layers of less than 20 micrometers (millionths of a meter), can be used primarily to treat finer surfaces. It is most suitable for the visible surfaces of the vehicle body. Galvanization ensures optimum protection against corrosion, and safeguards the vehicle’s structural stability throughout its life cycle. The prolonged service life of the vehicle helps to conserve resources in a sustainable way.
Body Quality Barely visible gaps (minimum gap widths) are an indication of a precision finish and high body quality. However, the most important quality features of the body are invisible: these include body rigidity and the resulting passive safety of the body ("rigid" occupant cell). Thorough protection against corrosion is also an aspect of good quality.
Body Rigidity Body rigidity is one of the keys to the safety, comfort and durability of a car. The less a vehicle "twists" on uneven road surfaces or when cornering at speed, the safer its road characteristics are. Rigidity varies according to different types of body. Generally, the structure of an open-top car cannot be as rigid as that of a closed body. The body structure’s static rigidity is both a key technical factor and a relevant part of the subjective feel for safety and ride comfort. Dynamic rigidity is a crucial factor in outstanding dynamics, good vibrational comfort and balanced acoustics.
BorgWarner Coupling The BorgWarner coupling is an electronically controlled multi-plate clutch. On the 4MOTION permanent four-wheel drive system, it enables the propulsive power to be distributed variably between the front and rear wheels. Its continuous adjustment is performed by a control unit that takes slip, handling conditions and drive torque into account. The BorgWarner coupling’s action is permanently integrated into the electronic stabilization control (ESC) and therefore improves the vehicle’s safety.
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Brakes A vehicle’s braking system is a crucial safety component. The more effective the brakes, the shorter the stopping distance from a specific speed. The brakes must be matched to the engine power, vehicle weight and theoretical top speed. For reasons of safety, modern vehicles are fitted with two brake circuits serving diagonally opposite wheels on the two axles. On small and compact models, sufficient stopping power is provided by a combination of disc brakes at the front wheels and drum brakes at the rear. On higher-powered and mid-sized models, Volkswagen uses more powerful, internally ventilated discs at the front as well as fitting disc brakes at the rear too. Today's minimum standard specification for the braking systems in Volkswagen models comprises an anti-lock braking system (ABS), brake servo and electronic brake force distribution (EBD).
Brake Energy Regeneration (Recuperation)
The energy released when braking or coasting is converted back into electrical energy by the alternator by means of recuperation. This energy is stored in the battery and is available for future acceleration processes. The battery can then supply power to the electrical consumers, meaning the engine does not have to drive the alternator as much. Along with a suitable alternator and battery, the system comprises intelligent battery management, which includes additional monitoring functions for the battery’s charge level. Brake energy regeneration is one of the efficient and eco-compatible technologies that Volkswagen pools together under its Hybrid and electric vehicle (EV) models.
Brake Servo (Duo) The brake servo reduces the amount of pedal force the driver needs to apply when braking. The two-stage system has a highly sensitive response. Up to a brake pressure of about 45 bar, known as the comfort braking range, the braking force is boosted five-fold. If the driver presses the brake pedal more forcefully, the braking force is boosted by up to a factor of ten. The driver notices this by the fast braking response combined with short pedal travel, good progressive brake modulation and reduced braking effort up to the point at which the ABS is activated.
Camshaft/Camshaft Adjustment The camshaft’s task is to operate the valves at the right time and in the right order to control the charge cycle. Camshaft adjustment varies the opening times of the valves to suit all operating conditions. This ensures ideal charge cycles within a wide range of engine speeds and loads. Fuel consumption and pollutant emissions are reduced, torque and smoothness increased. In engines with a double overhead camshaft the size and positioning of the valve opening overlap can be influenced, enhancing characteristics in full-load and part-load operation. In continuous camshaft adjustment, the adjustment is infinitely variable within specific parameters.
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Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the stable and natural end product resulting from the combustion of all organic matter. CO2 is said to account for around 50% of the greenhouse effect caused by human activity. Road traffic is responsible for approx. 12 percent of man-made CO2 emissions worldwide (passenger cars: approx. 5.5 percent).
Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas that is produced by incomplete combustion. Thanks to the introduction of the three-way catalytic converter as well as further emissions-cutting measures, concentrations of CO have been reduced to harmless levels even in the immediate vicinity of roads.
Catalytic Converter
In general usage the term "catalytic converter" denotes the entire system for catalytic exhaust gas cleaning in motor vehicles. It contains an effective chemical catalyst (usually precious metals such as platinum and rhodium), ceramic or metallic carrying materials, casing and various regulatory devices for controlling the process, depending on its design. Depending on its design, the catalytic converter oxidizes carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water and/or reduces nitrogen oxides to the gases nitrogen and oxygen. Effective catalytic converters reduce the pollutants in exhaust gases by up to 90 percent. Cars use three-way catalytic converters (for petrol engines), oxidizing catalytic converters, NOx storage-type converters and SCR systems (for diesel engines) - featuring up to two main and four primary converters, depending on the engine. In order to carry out its task efficiently, the three-way catalytic converter requires a specific operating temperature. Close-coupled primary converters are therefore used that reduce pollutant emissions even while the engine is warming up. The petrol/air mix that is most conducive to conversion is regulated by the oxygen sensor, working with the engine control unit.
Cd Value The Cd value is the drag coefficient. It is measured in the wind tunnel and sums up the vehicle’s aerodynamic qualities. This comparative quantity describes the "formal quality" of bodies, irrespective of their size. A number of factors influence the Cd value, including the vehicle shape (saloon, estate or hatchback). Narrow gaps and joints reduce buffeting and keep drag low. The design of the underbody also has an effect on the Cd value. The lower this value, the more aerodynamically efficient the vehicle’s design. A precise statement regarding the vehicle’s aerodynamics can only be made once both the Cd value and the vehicle’s frontal area (the projection of the vehicle’s front outline onto a plane surface) are known. A small
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vehicle may have a higher Cd value than a large saloon, but its aerodynamic drag could still be lower due to the smaller frontal area.
Central Locking Radio remote control for the central locking is a major convenience feature. This locks and unlocks all doors and the luggage compartment lid by means of a radio signal. Depending on the specification, there is a simple setting which allows only the driver door to be unlocked (individual door opening). Access to the fuel tank cap is automatically controlled via the central locking. If required, the luggage compartment lid can be opened separately using a dedicated button on the radio remote control. The vehicle’s locks are designed in such a way that the doors can no longer be opened using the door lock buttons once the car has been locked using the radio remote control. This considerably improves break-in protection. The interior switch, which the driver can press quickly in potentially dangerous situations to lock all doors and the luggage compartment lid at the same time, provides additional protection from attack. The luggage compartment is locked as soon as the vehicle starts moving; this rules out unauthorized access at traffic lights or in traffic jams. It is then automatically unlocked again if the key is removed from the ignition or if someone gets out of the vehicle. Furthermore, the speed-dependent automatic full central locking can be activated; this function locks all doors and the boot as soon as the vehicle exceeds a speed of 9 MPH. The doors and boot are likewise automatically unlocked if the key is removed from the ignition or if one of the occupants opens a door.
Center Differential
In order to compensate for the different wheel speeds between the front and rear axles from different cornering radii or off-road driving, (4MOTION, 4XMOTION) permanent four-wheel drive has a transfer box with differential function. This prevents torsional stresses in the drive train and distributes the drive forces. This means that the wheels with the better traction are provided with more power. The center differential with multi-plate clutch performs this function in the 4XMOTION four-wheel drive system. Owing to the differing requirements, 4MOTION features different configurations: • BorgWarner coupling, or • Torsen differential
Climatronic Climatronic regulates the interior temperature in line with the preselected preferred temperature by means of automatic adjustment of the blower speed and operation of the air distributor flaps. It thus assures a pleasant climate in all operating and weather conditions, with virtually draught-free
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flow of air through the passenger compartment. The Climatronic system’s electronic control monitors all key influencing variables and sources of interference, such as the position of the sun, the intensity of its rays and the outside temperature, and adds more or less cool air accordingly. The control unit's interface with the CAN data bus makes other comfort features available, too: automatic air recirculation when the windscreen washers are activated or when reverse is engaged shields the occupants from unpleasant odors. Speed-dependent control for the blower with automatic adjustment of the outlet temperature reduces noise levels when driving at low speeds. Climatronic also includes a defrost function which can be activated at the push of a button to clear fogged or iced-up windows. This directs the full airflow onto the inside of the glass with a high blower setting. In this way, the Climatronic system from Volkswagen improves passenger comfort as well as offering added convenience and safety. Maintaining a pleasant climate keeps the driver’s powers of concentration and reactions sharp, both of which are vital for safe motoring. Various features are available, depending on vehicle: 1-zone temperature control 2-zone temperature control divides the cabin into two climate zones. The driver and front passenger can select their temperatures independently of one another. 3-zone temperature control The driver, front passenger and rear passengers can adjust their temperatures independently of one another. 4-zone temperature control divides the cabin into four climatic zones, each with individual temperature control.
Coming Home Function When the occupants leave the vehicle, the dipped beam headlights, the courtesy lights in the exterior mirror housings, the tail lights and the number-plate lighting initially remain on and are switched off automatically after a delay period (coming home). The same lights are switched on when the driver unlocks the doors with the radio remote control (leaving home). In this way the car’s own outside lights help to illuminate the way to and from the door of the house whenever you arrive or set off in the dark.
Common Rail System
The term "common rail" refers to a certain type of direct fuel injection system on diesel engines. The pressure generation and fuel injection components are separate from one another, with pressure being generated continuously by an independent pump that can be fitted anywhere on the engine. This pressure is stored in a distribution rail known as the common rail. Feed lines connect the injectors for all cylinders to this rail in parallel. All cylinder injectors therefore have an uninterrupted supply of fuel at a constant pressure on tap. The injection quantity and timing are regulated at the individual injectors by means of solenoid valves.
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CDC (Continuous Damping Control) CDC allows continuous regulation of the dampers in air suspension systems. Four ride height sensors constantly measure the distance between the axle and the body. If the system detects a difference compared with the normal height, the air volume in the springs is corrected accordingly to restore the normal height.
Convenient Open-Close Function When the vehicle is unlocked or locked from the driver’s or front passenger’s side, the door windows can be opened or closed simultaneously. All electric windows (including the electric sunroof) open or close when the window switch on the driver’s door is pressed and or pulled for an extended period of time. When the button is released, the opening or closing process stops immediately. The same applies for operation with the key in the lock.
Cornering Light The dynamic cornering light is a swiveling bi-xenon system that follows the movements of the steering wheel. Volkswagen offers it in conjunction with the static turning light. It illuminates bends in the road more effectively. By considerably optimizing illumination by up to 90 percent, the system ensures greater safety and reduces the risk of accidents when cornering. The trajectory of the corner can be recognized significantly earlier, as can obstacles, persons and animals around the corner. The driver therefore has more valuable time to react in critical situations. Above a speed of 16 MPH, the dynamic cornering light follows the trajectory of the corner. It has a maximum swivel angle of 15 degrees. The headlights light around the corner, so to speak. The xenon module on the inside of the corner swivels by up to 15 degrees to the inside and the one on the outside by up to 7.5 degrees to the outside of the corner. These restrictions on angle ensure that the light does not dazzle drivers of oncoming vehicles.
Corrosion Protection Comprehensive protection of all relevant areas of the car against corrosion is a standard feature of all Volkswagen models today. In addition to galvanization, cavities in the car body are flooded with hot wax; body seams and the underfloor are additionally sealed. Plastic wheel arch inserts, high-quality priming and modern top coats protect against stones flung up from the road. Corrosion protection safeguards the vehicle’s structural stability for its entire service life and saves resources by prolonging the vehicle’s life cycle.
Counter-Steering Assistance Counter-Steering Assistance is a safety function that is realized by the electromechanical power steering: In critical situations, it gives the driver information about the direction in which the wheel should be turned in order to stabilize the vehicle. This feature does not of course involve the vehicle steering itself, but makes it easier for the driver to steer in the right direction rather than in the wrong one.
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Crash Sensors If a collision should occur, intelligent sensors trigger off the occupant restraint systems at the correct moment. The crash sensors must be able to detect a collision and convert it into corresponding signals within a matter of milliseconds. The nerve center of this system is the airbag control unit, which decides whether to activate it and, depending on the nature and severity of the crash, deploys the airbags and belt tensioners. The control unit installed centrally in the vehicle contains sensors which determine the pattern and severity of a frontal or side impact at an early stage. Additional, remote crash sensors are also located on the vehicle to assist with crash detection. The measurement principle employed by the crash sensors is usually based on the effect of inertia. When a vehicle is stopped abruptly by an impact, all bodies or objects which are not firmly fixed to the vehicle will continue to move at the impact speed. The sensors’ design enables them to measure this acceleration and relay it to the control unit as usable data. Many Volkswagen models are fitted with ultra-fast pressure sensors in the front doors to detect a collision from the side. When the vehicle is hit from the side, the outer door panel is pushed inwards, creating excess pressure inside the door. If the change in air pressure exceeds a certain limit, the sensor will relay a corresponding signal to the airbag control unit. Acceleration sensors are furthermore fitted in the vicinity of the C-posts so that collisions from the side can also be detected in time.
Crash Tests When a new vehicle is developed, crash tests serve to optimize the passenger protection concept. To this end, appropriately equipped pre-production vehicles are substituted for the future series production vehicles and used to simulate a range of accident types. However, before the actual testing come the computer simulations, i.e. virtual crash testing. This method provides important knowledge about the interaction of components in the event of a crash. The following need to be harmonized:
• Rigidity of the passenger compartment • Resultant acceleration curves • Adapted occupant protection systems • The results from all crash tests form the basis of the continuous improvement process for
the ongoing improvement of passive safety, a process which involves not only engineers but also paramedics and accident researchers.
Cruise Control
The cruise control system is an electronic aid which helps to regulate the vehicle’s speed. The system memorizes and maintains the speed selected by the driver. The driver can also briefly increase or decrease the set speed manually by a defined increment and then – if desired – restore the previously stored speed. The cruise control system is deactivated by pressing the "Off" button
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or depressing the brake or clutch. Particularly on long journeys at a constant speed, the system makes life considerably easier for the driver. It also helps to maintain a particular speed (such as in road works on the motorway) and reduces the risk of driving too quickly. Note: For safety reasons, the cruise control system should not be used in heavy traffic or in difficult road conditions (on ice, in the wet, etc.).
CSC Roof System
The CSC is an innovative fully automated roof system with a glass design and an integrated sliding/tilting glass sunroof. It is made up of five components: the large sliding/tilting glass sunroof, the rear roof section, two roof struts at the sides, as well as the heated rear window with the C-pillars.
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) The Digital Audio Broadcasting System (DAB) means the Radio- or radio/navigation system receives not only an audio signal (music and speech); it also simultaneously receives additional data signals (traffic, program, music, weather information, etc.). If the radio or radio/navigation system is equipped with a suitable display, this can show graphics, such as city maps or animations.
Data Bus The data bus facilitates the rapid exchange of all manner of information between the vehicle’s sensors, actuators and control units, etc. By exchanging data digitally, the data bus ensures that the information from one sensor can be relayed to and processed by multiple different control units. The risk of a complete system failure is reduced considerably. The rain sensor is one example of how the system works: the signal “It is raining” from this sensor prompts the data bus to activate the windscreen wipers, the brake disc wiper function, the ventilation for the windscreen, as well as the headlights.
Daytime Running Lights (DRL) These are separate lights built into the headlights or bumper. The Passat and Polo are examples of cars with daytime running lights fitted in the bumper. Permanent headlight function: Dipped beam headlights switched on during the daytime The functions are automatically switched on when the engine is started.
Diesel Particulate Filter
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A diesel particulate filter is a system for removing diesel soot from the exhaust gases of diesel engines. The filter with a catalytic coating works without the need for an additive by using a filter coating containing precious metals which fulfills a dual function. The passive regeneration process involves the slow, environment-protecting conversion of the particulates deposited in the catalytic converter into CO2. This procedure takes place at in a temperature range between 350 – 500 ⁰C, and carries on continuously without the need for any special measures, especially when the vehicle is used predominantly for motorway driving. Only when the vehicle is operated for longer periods under minimal load, such as in urban traffic, is there an active increase in the exhaust gas temperature every 600 to 1,200 miles, up to around 1112 °F, for additional filter regeneration. The particles deposited in the filter are burned off at this temperature.
Differential A differential compensates for the difference in wheel speeds on the driven axle. The wheels on the same axle turn at different speeds when a vehicle is cornering because the wheel on the inside of the bend has a shorter distance to cover than the wheel on the outside, causing the outside wheel to turn faster. Compensating for this difference in speeds is generally the task of a bevel differential. A locking differential prevents either wheel from spinning freely, directing the power to the wheel with better grip instead. Speed-difference compensation can then be locked manually or automatically by up to 100 percent. This means that on slippery surfaces up to 100 percent of the engine’s power can be transmitted to the wheel with the best traction. Vehicles with four-wheel drive require a transfer box which distributes the drive torque between the front and rear axles. Since the axles turn at different speeds when cornering, a differential is also required here to balance the speed differences between the axles. The system used in this case is known as a center differential.
Digital Sound Processing (DSP) Digital Sound Processing from Volkswagen promises a new dimension of in-car audio. A special algorithm can control the sound in the car interior and produces an almost perfectly balanced sound experience at every seat. The sound is distributed around the listener like in a concert hall. The three-dimensional impression is optimized even for conventional stereo sources, which are converted to several separate audio channels for reproduction.
Direct Injection With petrol direct injection, the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber at a pressure of over 100 bar. Compared with conventional injection into the inlet manifold, this process is considerably more precise and is not dependent on the opening times of the valves.
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A special combustion chamber geometry ensures an optimum mix of the fuel and air. Volkswagen engines with petrol direct injection are extremely efficient. With an appropriate driving style, the fuel saving compared with engines of the same power output with conventional injection technology can be as much as 15 percent. Petrol direct injection serves as the basis for innovative TSI technology.
Diversity Aerial (antenna)
Diversity aerials ensure the best reception quality for outstanding radio sound even when reception is poor. High-rise buildings and hills reflect the electromagnetic waves from radio and television transmitters. For this reason, an aerial receives not just one signal, but also staggered signal reflections, which may impair reception quality. This is referred to as multi-path interference. With the diversity aerial system, the radio signal is received by more than one aerial (up to four) and the receiver filters out the signal interference by intelligently combining the signals from the different aerials.
Double- Wishbone Suspension In a double-wishbone suspension, two triangulated wishbone-shaped arms and a track rod guide the wheel. The suspension strut is attached to the lower wishbone and provides the necessary vertical support. The characteristics of this suspension design include a low installed height and a generous through-loading width, enabling the adoption of wheel suspensions that favors a sporty overall set-up. This has a beneficial effect on 4MOTION drive, the transmission of high active forces and road holding. The double-wishbone suspension takes up little room and, with an appropriate track rod layout, prevents severe load alteration effects. Other variants include the extremely compact trailing-link double-wishbone suspension and the trapezoidal-link rear suspension.
Dynaudio Sound System The sophisticated Dynaudio sound system is made up of high-quality speakers with DSP technology (Digital Signal Processor) and a digital multiple-channel amplifier. The speakers and their installed position are precisely matched to the vehicle’s interior. The result is a sound experience of a quality previously unknown outside the realms of high-end audio systems. This is achieved among other things by refined fabric tweeters and high-quality woofers. These provide natural resolution at the highest and lowest frequencies, and a balanced distribution of sound throughout the interior. The membranes are also of exceptional quality thanks to MSP (magnesium silicate polymer) which is particularly light, dimensionally stable and virtually resonance-free. The membranes are driven by special twin magnets, enabling extreme dynamics and stability under load.
Easy Entry Front seats with Easy Entry function are designed to offer especially roomy and therefore convenient access to the rear seats of two-door models. This is achieved by means of front seats which can be moved very far forwards and whose backrests likewise fold a long way forwards. For
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extra convenience, a memory function returns the front seats to their previous positions when they are folded back.
EBD (Electronic Brake-Force Distribution) Every vehicle’s center of gravity shifts forwards when the brakes are applied. This presents a risk of the rear wheels tending to lock up due to the reduction in traction. Electronic brake force distribution uses the solenoid valves in the ABS unit to regulate the braking power at the rear wheels, thereby ensuring maximum braking performance at both the front and rear wheels and, under normal conditions, preventing the rear end from swerving out because of over-braking at the rear wheels. Electronic brake force distribution operates as part of the ABS function. The EBD operating range ends at the point where ABS control cuts in.
EDL (Electronic Differential Lock) The electronic differential lock permits smooth, comfortable starts on split-friction road surfaces with differing levels of grip. If one wheel starts to spin, the electronic differential lock will brake the wheel as necessary, directing power to the wheel with better grip in the process. The electronic differential lock reduces tire wear and operates at speeds of up to around 40 km/h (4MOTION: up to about 80 km/h). As a software function, it forms part of the electronic stabilization control (ESC) and traction control (ASR).
Electromechanical Power Steering The electromechanical power steering is a speed-sensitive electrical power-assisted steering system which is only activated when needed and does without any hydraulic components. Compared to hydraulic power steering, vehicles fitted with electromechanical power steering benefit from lower fuel consumption and new convenience and safety functions: active return of the steering wheel to its center point improves the steering sensation around the mid-point, while crosswind compensation comes to the driver’s aid when driving on a road surface which slopes to one side or in a constant crosswind. Assistance functions such as "Park Assist" and "Lane Assist" also rely on this system’s support. Customized adaptation of the power assistance to take account of the engine and equipment fitted in a vehicle promises a unique steering feel.
Electronic Accelerator In modern vehicles the accelerator pedal acts like a sensor. Based on the position of the pedal, it immediately recognizes how much power the driver wants. This output signal is used by the engine management system to regulate the throttle valve, the boost pressure and the ignition. The electronic system simplifies electronic engine management, responds quickly and is a technical prerequisite for the electronic stabilization control (ESC).
Electronic Differential Lock (EDL) The electronic differential lock permits smooth, comfortable starts on split-friction road surfaces with differing levels of grip. If one wheel starts to spin, the electronic differential lock will brake
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the wheel as necessary, directing power to the wheel with better grip in the process. The electronic differential lock reduces tire wear and operates at speeds of up to around 40 km/h (4MOTION: up to about 80 km/h). As a software function, it forms part of the electronic stabilization program (ESC) and traction control (ASR).
Electronic Differential Lock (XDS) The XDS electronic differential lock is an extension of the familiar EDL function. However, XDS responds not to loss of traction but to the unloading of the front wheel on the inside of the corner when cornering fast. XDS applies pressure from the ESC hydraulics to the inside wheel to prevent it from spinning. This improves traction and reduces the tendency to under-steer. The level of pressure applied ranges from approximately 5 to 15 bar. The impression when driving is similar to that of a limited-slip differential in toned-down form. The precise, one-sided build-up of brake pressure makes cornering even sportier, quicker and more accurate.
Electronic Engine Management The electronic engine management's principal task is to coordinate all parameters through continuous process control in order to assure economical and ecological engine operation with low emissions. The electronic engine management governs the engine on the basis of engine speed, engine temperature, fuel grade (determined by a knock sensor) and accelerator pedal position. All input information is processed in the control unit and, based on this, the control signals for the individual assemblies are calculated. 16-bit or 32-bit processors are necessary for processing the vast range of data. Depending on engine type, it controls such aspects as ignition timing, injection quantity, injection timing, exhaust gas recirculation, throttle position, variable intake manifold position, variable turbine geometry (with turbocharger) and camshaft adjustment. The details of any deviations from normal operation are stored in the fault memory so the causes can be investigated the next time your car is serviced.
Electronic Immobilizer The immobilizer is an electronic anti-theft device. It is activated when the ignition key is removed and works in tandem with the engine control unit to prevent unauthorized starting of the engine. The system uses a transmitter and receiver unit in the ignition key (transponder). Whenever an attempt is made to start the engine, the transponder transmits a new code to the car’s electronics. The immobilizer will only be deactivated if the key has a corresponding authorization code. New encryption technology protects the system against electronically copied vehicle keys. Note: No system can provide 100% protection against theft. If thieves possess the necessary skill and determination they may even be able to overcome the electronic immobilizer.
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Electronic Stabilization Control (ESC) The electronic stabilization control detects critical handling situations, such as a risk of skidding, and takes effective action to keep the vehicle on course. To enable the electronic stabilization program to respond to such critical situations, the system must be fed constantly with data. For instance, which way the driver is steering the vehicle, and where it is actually heading. The answer to the first of these questions is provided by the steering angle sensor and the wheel speed sensors. These two items of information allow the control unit to calculate the target steering direction for the vehicle and its target handling behavior. Further key data includes the yaw rate and the lateral vehicle acceleration. The control unit uses this information to calculate the vehicle’s actual driving state. The electronic stabilization program prevents the vehicle from being destabilized when cornering as a result of either excessive speed, an unexpected change in the road surface (water, ice, dirt) or the driver having to perform a sudden evasive maneuvers. The system takes corrective action regardless of whether the instability manifests itself as under-steer – when the vehicle slides towards the outside of the bend despite the wheels being turned into the bend – or over-steer, when the vehicle’s tail swerves out. The electronic stabilization control’s computer unit uses the data supplied by the network of sensors to determine the nature of the vehicle's instability and governs the corrective response by intervening in the braking and engine management systems. If the vehicle is under-steering, the electronic stabilization program system decelerates the rear wheel on the inside of the bend. At the same time, it reduces engine power until stability has been restored. The electronic stabilization program counters oversteer by carefully applying the front brake on the outside of the bend and intervening in the engine and transmission management. Thanks to increasing experience and much more sensitive sensors, it is possible to keep on improving this complex control system.
Engine Control Unit The electronic engine management's principal task is to coordinate all parameters through continuous process control in order to assure economical and ecological engine operation with low emissions. The electronic engine management governs the engine on the basis of the factors engine speed, engine temperature, fuel grade (determined by a knock sensor) and accelerator pedal position. All input information is processed in the control unit and, based on this, the control signals for the individual assemblies are calculated. 16-bit or 32-bit processors are necessary for processing the vast range of data. Depending on engine type, it controls such aspects as ignition timing, injection quantity, injection timing, exhaust gas recirculation, throttle position, variable intake manifold position, variable turbine geometry (with turbocharger) and camshaft adjustment. The details of any deviations from normal operation are stored in the fault memory so the causes can be investigated the next time your car is serviced.
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Engine Drag Torque Control (MSR) Engine drag torque control (MSR) prevents the driven wheels from locking on slippery surfaces under the influence of engine braking. This can happen if the driver releases the accelerator abruptly or shifts down a gear quickly. The braking effect of the engine may cause the driven wheels to skid. They temporarily lose traction and the vehicle becomes unstable. In such situations, MSR maintains directional stability and boosts safety. The MSR control unit receives the necessary information from the wheel speed sensors and the engine or transmission control unit via the data bus. If the control unit identifies slipping of the driven wheels, MSR sends a signal via the data bus to the engine management. The engine speed is increased slightly until the driven wheels are once more rotating as fast as the road speed. This keeps the vehicle steerable and ensures that directional stability is maintained. Engine drag torque control is operational across the entire speed range.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) means the controlled feeding of combustion gases back into the combustion chamber. Exhaust gas recirculation is an effective method of reducing the nitrogen oxide (NOx) levels at the combustion stage. When the fuel/air mixture burns, the formation of nitrogen oxides increases at a disproportionately high rate as the temperature rises. Recirculating a portion of the exhaust gas back to the chamber lowers the combustion temperature inside the cylinder, reducing the rate of NOx formation. Emission behavior can therefore be influenced as the engine load conditions change by the controlled addition of exhaust gas. The exhaust gas is directed back into the intake tract via a system of pipes with the aid of a valve, controlled electronically by the engine management unit; from there it is drawn back into the combustion chamber.
Fender Premium Audio The world’s first Fender-branded automotive audio system developed exclusively for Volkswagen. A partnership between Fender and Panasonic, the Fender Premium Audio system features a 9-speaker audio system with a subwoofer located in the rear storage area, and either a 400-watt amplifier (Jetta, Passat, Tiguan, Beetle) or 480-watt amplifier (Golf, GTI, Golf SportWagen).
Fording Depth
The fording depth describes the distance between the point touched by your car’s tires and the air intake system of the engine.
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Forward Collision Warning Vehicles equipped with Forward Collision Warning monitor the distance to traffic ahead of the vehicle. The system warns the driver of potentially critical front-end collision situations with an audible alert and a visual warning in the MFI display.
Four Link Front Suspension
This type of wheel suspension controls the wheel by four rod-type control arms and the track rod. The suspension strut supports the car weight against the body via the supporting link. By separating the control elements and suspension elements, this design has great potential for optimizing ride quality and kinematics. The influences of drive forces on the steering system are minimal.
Freewheel Function The freewheel function enables the vehicle’s kinetic energy to be utilized to better effect. In the zero-load state (foot off the accelerator) the clutch is automatically disengaged and the engine is held at idling speed. As a result the vehicle can coast for a distance that does not subsequently have to be covered by the use of fuel. The benefit in terms of fuel consumption in practical usage on the road stems from the fact that the vehicle’s kinetic energy is only used to overcome the rolling resistance and aerodynamic drag, and no longer to keep the engine turning at high speed on the overrun. If the driver indicates a wish to slow the vehicle by pressing the brake pedal, the clutch is engaged once again in order to utilize the overrun switch-off effect of the engine; the fuel supply is interrupted and the engine braking effect once again reduces the overrun distance of the vehicle. Alternatively the minus button on the steering wheel can be used to the same effect. The savings achieved in this way can in some cases amount to 0.5 l/100 km and more. The efficiency of this function depends on a predictive driving style; after a brief familiarization period the driver will have adapted to the longer overrun distance of the vehicle and will intuitively lift his foot off the accelerator earlier when approaching a built-up area, for example.
FSI (Fuel Straight Injection) FSI is the name given to petrol engines with direct injection. The main difference between them and TSI engines is that they do not have a turbocharger or compressor.
Gradability
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A vehicle’s gradability is its ability to climb slopes. Gradability is measured either in degrees or in percent. A 45° gradient is equivalent to 100 percent. Gradability is dependent on engine power, drivetrain type, gear ratio, weight, weight distribution, center of gravity and traction.
HBA (Hydraulic Brake Assist)
The hydraulic brake assist system from Volkswagen comes to the driver’s aid in emergency or panic braking situations. The brake assist ascertains from the speed at which the brake pedal is depressed that the driver requires full braking power, and automatically boosts the brake pressure up to the ABS control threshold for as long as the driver keeps the brake pedal pressed down. If the driver subsequently eases off the brake pedal, the system will reduce the brake pressure again to match the brake pedal’s position. Hydraulic brake assist can substantially shorten the vehicle’s stopping distance. System operation is barely perceptible to the driver.
Headlight Washer System The headlight washer system has an electrically driven rotary pump that sprays water or cleaning fluid at high pressure onto the headlight glass from the outside. This means safer driving in rain, snow and muddy road conditions. On some models, the headlights are cleaned in two stages. When the washer nozzles are extended, the first cleaning stage loosens the dirt. The second stage then rinses off the loosened dirt. This means that the illuminated area is not significantly affected by the cleaning process, and optimum cleaning is guaranteed even at high speeds. The headlight washer system is activated every six times the windshield washer is used, and the headlights must be on.
Head Restraints
The design and positioning of the head restraints is of considerable importance in both rear and frontal impacts (in the whiplash phase) for the effects of the load acting on the occupants in the head and neck region. Only correctly adjusted head restraints can transfer the energy induced in the event of a head impact into the load-bearing structure of the seat in a predefined manner, and thus help to prevent or reduce injuries in the head and cervical spine region. WOKS head restraint system
To reduce the risk of injury in rear-end collisions, VW has in recent years succeeded in developing a complete system that offers excellent protection by means of unequalled coordination of the deceleration of the torso by the backrest, the deceleration of the head by the head restraint and the retention of head and torso by the backrest and the head restraint. The great advantage of this geometrically and dynamically optimized system lies in the fact that a level of protection potential
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has been achieved that exceeds the biomechanical parameters of many active systems and that is always available to the occupants in any crash situation. This excellent protection potential has already been demonstrated in various vehicle environments and confirmed in tests by several independent testing institutions (ADAC, IIHS, Thatcham). In addition to the coordination of contour and foam densities in the backrest and head restraint in order to reduce relative movements, the contoured design of the backrest in order to enable the greatest possible damping with the most precise possible retention of the body by the vehicle seat, the contours of the head restraint are of particular importance for its protection potential. A specially contoured head restraint design (VW patent pending) is employed in this case. This head restraint design significantly reduces the stresses on the neck by securely holding the head in place.
Heat Insulating Glass The heat-insulating, infrared-reflective glass contributes towards a pleasant interior climate. It reduces heat build-up inside the vehicle in hot ambient conditions and promotes the wellbeing of the occupants. At the same time, fuel consumption is lowered if an air conditioning system is running, as less energy will be required to cool down the interior to the desired temperature.
Hill Descent Assist The hill descent assist function allows you to drive down slopes in a safe, controlled way, thanks to the engine management’s ability to govern the engine speed and apply the brakes if necessary. Hill descent assist lets you negotiate extremely steep drops simply and safely. The car’s speed is maintained at a constant crawling pace without the driver having to do anything.
Hill Start Assist The hill start assist governs the starting torque when pulling away on an uphill incline and interacts with the hydraulic brake assist and the transmission control to prevent the vehicle from rolling backwards by applying the brakes. This makes controlling the vehicle during hill starts simple and convenient for the driver. So there is no need to worry about the vehicle rolling backwards or the engine stalling.
Hybrid Drive A hybrid drive system combines two drive principles, such as a TSI unit and an electric motor. The hybrid concept can help to improve fuel consumption and reduce pollutant emissions, especially in city traffic.
Infotainment An ever-growing number of new information, entertainment and communications systems are fitted to meet the increasing demand for convenience and safety in modern vehicles. A radio is part of the standard equipment, and is supplemented by a mobile phone, navigation system, Volkswagen Car-Net, App-Connect, etc.. To spare the driver the complexity of a multitude of different operating systems, a central display and operating element – the infotainment system – was developed for intuitive operation of virtually all vehicle functions. All infotainment system
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functions can be operated via a main menu bar, menu-dependent function keys and controls on the multifunction steering wheel.
Infrared Reflective Glass Glass can be easily penetrated by infrared light (heat radiation). Normal glass can only reflect UV rays, whereas heat radiation can pass through virtually unhindered. Only by providing the glass with a special coating based on a silver alloy can a large amount of the long-wave infrared light be reflected. This means in particular that the amount of heat radiated to the passenger when the sun is shining into the vehicle is noticeably reduced.
Intercooler The intercooler reduces the thermal load acting on the engine. In the case of the turbocharger the temperature in the charger rises with the compression of the charge air. As heated air takes up more space than cool air, the cylinders fill with less air than the system’s boost pressure prescribes. The risk of knock in petrol or gasoline engines also increases. For this reason, the compressed air is cooled by the engine’s coolant or the outside air. Intercooling also reduces NOx emissions and fuel consumption.
KESSY Locking and Starting System Keyless Access and KESSY are the automatic locking and starting systems from Volkswagen. They offer the driver maximum convenience: he merely has to carry the key on his person but not necessarily in his hand. The most important components of keyless systems are the ID sender in the car key, the electronic ignition lock, the starter button, the control unit, the electric steering column lock and the aerials and sensors in the door handles. The key is identified via proximity sensors in the door handles and a radio pulse generator in the key housing as soon as the driver is within approximately 1.50 meters of the car. The vehicle is automatically unlocked as soon as the door handle (or boot lid) is actuated. The steering and ignition can also be released completely electronically and without use of the key before setting out. Provided the driver has the key on his person while inside the car, the engine can be started simply by pressing the starter button down fully. But the car key can also be used like a conventional key to operate the central locking and start the engine via the ignition lock. When leaving the car, it suffices to press the small locking button on the door handles in order to lock the vehicle.
Knock Sensor The knock sensor is fitted to the outside of the engine and prevents damaging spontaneous ignition. The knocking effect is created by acyclic uncontrolled combustion, which produces extreme local temperatures in the cylinder. These high heat quantities place a severe strain on engine
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components such as the pistons, valves and cylinder head, and can lead to damage. The knock sensor registers the structure-borne noise emissions of the engine. The engine control unit cross-checks the measured pulses against the stored specification values and intervenes to control the engine, fuel injection and ignition as necessary, before the combustion reaches the knock limit. The knock sensor also detects the fuel quality. The higher the octane number (RON), the more knock-proof is the fuel. This means 98 RON Super Plus grade fuel ignites at a higher temperature than normal 95 RON petrol. If only a lower quality of fuel is available, the engine control unit automatically corrects the ignition timing based on the information from the knock sensor. This prevents damage to the engine.
Lane Departure Warning (Lane Assist) Lane Assist helps alert drivers to potential accidental swerving and lane deviation via a vibration of the steering wheel or countersteering measures when the vehicle’s sensors determine that the Volkswagen is veering outside of the travel lane. Using a turn signal to indicate a lane change will negate the steering wheel vibration or countersteer. For applicable vehicles – other than Touareg (MY15+) – the Lane Departure Warning system actively countersteers to keep the vehicle in the lane. If the driver takes their hands off the wheel for a defined period of time, or the vehicle crosses a lane marking, the system provides an audible warning and a visual signal in the instrument cluster, asking the driver to take over steering. For Touareg (MY15+) models, the system incorporates all the functionality except there is no active steering intervention. Instead, the system causes the steering wheel to vibrate, while the lane markings that the car has crossed are highlighted on the appropriate multifunction display view in the instrument panel. Lane Departure Warning (Lane Assist) is active at speeds of 40 MPH and higher. The system detects the road markings by means of a camera in the region of the interior mirror. This applies both to continuous lines and to broken road markings (such as the center line). In the Touareg, Lane Assist detects the lane even if there is only one lane marking. The system also works in the dark or in fog. However, if it cannot detect any lane markings the system does not work. The driver can “override” Lane Assist at any time by applying minimal force.
Laser Welding Laser welding is becoming more and more important in car-making. The ability of the laser to bundle light energy into ultra-thin beams which are even capable of welding metals is opening up new possibilities with regard to bodywork quality and stability, as the resultant weld seams are extremely narrow and precise. The highly amplified and bundled light beam in laser welding generates very high temperatures which melt the material on a focal point of around 0.5 to 1 millimeter in diameter. Because of its narrow working area, laser welding is particularly suitable for butt-welding of sheet metal panels. Its benefits lie in the higher strength of the joint and in new design possibilities offered.
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LATCH (ISOFIX) ISOFIX is the result of the efforts of renowned car manufacturers to create a uniform and optimal standard for securing child seats. ISOFIX is not an official DIN standard. ISOFIX child seats are equipped with a simplified fixing device. They can be fitted in all vehicles which are factory-fitted with suitably standardized connectors. The child seat preparation has two mountings which are fixed to the body of the car. ISOFIX-compatible child seats are attached securely to these mountings by two support arms. ISOFIX child seats are easy to mount and offer optimum safety due to being fixed rigidly to the body. All vehicles in the Volkswagen model range feature ISOFIX mountings in the rear.
Lateral Acceleration Sensor The electronic stabilization program uses a sensor to measure the lateral acceleration acting on the car in order to calculate its actual position. Lateral acceleration acts on a car sideways to the direction of travel. It is noticeable as a centrifugal force moving a car to the outside of a curve when cornering, for example. The lateral acceleration sensor is located in the same housing as the rotation (yaw) rate sensor (duo-sensor).
Lateral Gradient
Lateral gradient refers to the car’s angle of incline sideways when driving across a slope.
LED Technology An LED (light-emitting diode) is a light-emitting semi-conductor which has a much longer service life and a lower power consumption than conventional bulbs. The advantages of LED technology over conventional bulbs are their lower energy consumption, shorter response time, more compact design and a longer service life (lasts the entire life of the vehicle). Volkswagen installs LEDs, for example, around headlights and act as the daytime running lights. In some models, such as Passat, LEDs can act as headlights, turn signals, and taillights.
Low Range The off-road mode refers to an additional low-range set of gear ratios. These make driving easier on difficult terrain and on very steep gradients. Together with 4XMOTION four-wheel drive, this function enables the Touareg to make good progress over rugged ground. In the Touareg, the low-range ratio of 2.66:1 for heavy-duty off-road driving can be electronically activated via the suspension switch. This provides maximum drive force at low vehicle speeds. It enables the Touareg to achieve a gradability of up to 100 percent (45°).
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Lumbar Support The lumbar support ensures that the optimum seating position is maintained. Particularly on long journeys, muscles can slump as a result of tiredness. The lumbar support counters this by relaxing the spine and thus prevents possible complaints resulting from poor posture, cramp or pre-existing back problems.
McPherson Strut Suspension
McPherson strut suspension is a particular form of independent suspension used on the front axle of a car. The McPherson strut joins the wheel carrier to the car body. The functions of the suspension strut are to cushion the car, to limit bounce (tension and compression), to damp oscillation, to hold the suspension strut mount connecting to the body, and to transmit the steering motion. The use of lightweight, high-strength materials reduces the un-sprung masses, thereby enhancing performance and ride comfort. The benefits of this system are its compact and weight-saving design allied to its large amounts of compression.
Media- In
The MEDIA-IN multimedia socket (at the bottom of the illustration) is an interface for MP3 players with USP certification, Apple iPods from the fourth generation onwards, and external data memory devices. The interface enables users to play audio files directly from mobile data memory devices via the built-in infotainment systems. Devices are operated via the radio or navigation system. The installed system displays the folders, playlists and tracks for selection via the touchscreen. For pre-MY15 Golf models and pre-MY16 other models, MEDIA-IN can only be ordered in conjunction with the radio and radio/navigation systems “RCD 310”, “RCD 510”, “RNS 310” and “RNS 510”. For 2015+ Golf models, and all other MY16 vehicles (except Touareg & Eos), vehicles feature a USB port for media devices and phones.
Memory Function Seats with memory function offer the option of storing various people’s individual seat settings and restoring these settings at the press of a button.
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MIB (Modularer Infotainment Baukasten) The acronym, MIB, comes from the German term, Modularer Infotainment Baukasten, or Modular Infotainment Platform. MIB was designed to allow the sharing of components among different vehicles.
• MIB I: Launched in conjunction with the model year 2015 Golf Family, MIB I featured two radio units: Composition Media and Discover Media (navigation). The radio units featured an all-new design, 5.8” touchscreen with capacitive touch and a proximity sensor, and updated navigation functionality.
• MIB II: Launched for model year 2016, MIB II is available in all Volkswagen models (except Touareg and EOS) and features four touchscreen radio units: Composition Color (5”), Composition Media (6.33” or 6.5”), Discover Media (6.33” or 6.5”), and Discover Pro (8”).
Mobile Phone Preparation The mobile phone preparation is a hands-free device based on the Bluetooth hands-free profile (HFP). In order to work, the mobile phone must be connected to the hands-free device by means of a model-specific charger cradle or a universal Bluetooth pairing adapter. The charging cradle also links the phone to the external aerial and simultaneously recharges the phone. Optimum voice quality is ensured by a digital sound processor connected to the radio speakers and by a microphone in the headlining. The mobile phone preparation supports mobile phones that use the Bluetooth profile A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile). This means that music can be transferred from the phone in stereo quality to the sound system in your Volkswagen.
MP3 "MP3" refers to compressed digital audio data. The MP3 format is a widely used standard for compressing digital audio files. Compared to an audio CD of virtually the same sound quality, MP3 files only occupy around one-tenth of the memory space. "MP3" stands for MPEG 1 Audio Layer 3. MPEG is a method of compressing digital video and audio data developed by "Motion Picture Experts Group". To play MP3 data, an MP3-compatible playback system is required. Volkswagen’s radio and radio/navigation systems can read and play MP3 files from data CDs. Using the MEDIA-IN multimedia socket, data carriers such as data sticks can be connected, and the MP3 files which they contain can be played. The same applies to the iPod preparation.
MPI (Multi-Port Injection) With manifold injection, mixture formation takes place in the intake manifold, ahead of the inlet valve. Multipoint injection (MPI) denotes an injection system with one injector per cylinder.
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MultiFuel MultiFuel is the name that denotes Volkswagen vehicles that can also run on ethanol (E85). It is already available in some countries (e.g. Sweden). Currently, conventional gas-powered Volkswagens can run on E15.
Multi-Function Display (MFD)
The multifunction display located directly in the driver’s view is a compact information unit which ensures convenience and safety. The driver can take in important vehicle information at a glance and therefore devote his full attention to the road.
Multi-Link Rear Suspension
The multi-link rear suspension is an innovative construction. Three transverse links and one longitudinal link per wheel (four-link principle) each absorb different forces. This means that longitudinal and transverse dynamics can be configured precisely and almost independently of each other, achieving maximum directional stability and comfort. Only small modifications need to be made to the structure of the multi-link rear suspension for it to be suitable for use on front-wheel drive models as well as four-wheel drive cars.
MQB (Modularer Querbaukasten) MQB, or Modular Transverse Matrix, allows variances in the vehicle chassis, depending on the platform. The frame from the headlight housing to the A-Pillar are uniform, and this core matrix can be used across a variety of different platforms, from an A-segment sedan to a B-segment SUV. Compared to the standard frame, MQB delivers better build quality, reduced vehicle weight, exceptional body rigidity, enhanced crash structure, savings in one-time engineering expense, savings in unit costs, and an introduction of new, shared technologies for a range of vehicles and brand.
Navigation System
A navigation system is an electronic unit that helps users to find their way to the desired destination. It guides the driver along the ideal route to any chosen destination by means of acoustic announcements and visually displayed directions.
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The system is made up of the following main elements: a GPS aerial, a navigation computer and a display. With the aid of the Global Positioning System (GPS) the navigation system can determine the vehicle’s position to within just a few meters. By using this constantly updated GPS data and by comparing it with the values provided by the wheel speed sensors of the anti-lock braking system, the computer can calculate the vehicle’s route. For this purpose, it requires the complete road network in digitized form as its base information. This information is compiled on a data medium (CD-ROM, DVD or SD card). Once a destination has been entered, the integrated navigation computer calculates the fastest or shortest route and compares the calculated route with the vehicle’s current position throughout the journey. If these do not coincide – because the driver has decided to take a different route to avoid a traffic jam, for example – an adapted route is calculated. Dynamic route guidance is possible with Sirius-XM Traffic. This enables the navigation system to detect traffic hold-ups automatically and offer an alternative route. The latest-generation radio/navigation systems, such as Discover Media are impressive for their convenient operation and multi-functionality.
NOx (Nitrogen Oxide) Exhaust Treatment System The NOx storage catalyst, a combination of stainless steel catalytic converter and NOx storage components, allows nitrogen oxides to be temporarily stored. The resulting nitrogen oxides are oxidized to a higher valency and then removed from the exhaust gas flow. At regular intervals, the nitrogen oxides stored in the converter are reduced to nitrogen and the catalyst is prepared for the next storage cycle.
Occupant Cell (Safety Cell Construction)
The occupant cell is the space in your car containing the driver and passengers. It forms a rigid safety cage and in contrast to the body’s deformation zones, or crumple zones, it is not easily deformed and is therefore able to keep the survival space of the occupants intact in an accident. We use measures such as crash tests to continually improve the safety of our occupant cells.
Octane Number The octane number indicates the fuel’s "anti-knock rating". This is determined according to RON (Research Octane Number) under specific test conditions using precisely defined test engines. Regular fuel has the lowest rating at 91 RON, followed by Super fuel with 95 RON and, at the top
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end, Super Plus with a rating of 98 RON. The higher the octane number, the higher the self-ignition temperature of gasoline/petrol and the lower the knock tendency during combustion (self-ignition temperature of regular fuel 842-1022 °C, Super fuel 896-1292 °F). Note that 91 RON is equivalent to 87 AKI (Anti-Knock Index), which means 87 % octane. 91 AKI is premium fuel, which is equivalent to 95 RON.
Off Road Driving Program The off-road driving program contains such features as hill descent assist, a start assist function for heavy terrain, adapted pedal characteristics and an ABS system especially optimized for off-road use. As a result it enables optimum control of the car on any terrain at the push of a button.
Off Road Mode The off-road mode refers to an additional low-range set of gear ratios. These make driving easier on difficult terrain and on very steep gradients. Together with 4XMOTION four-wheel drive in the MY04-10 Touareg, this function enables the vehicle to make good progress over rugged ground. In the Touareg, the low-range ratio of 2.66:1 for heavy-duty off-road driving can be electronically activated via the suspension switch. This provides maximum drive force at low vehicle speeds. It enables the Touareg to achieve a gradability of up to 100 percent (45°).
On-Board Computer The on-board computer keeps the driver informed at all times of the current or average fuel consumption by means of a display in the instrument cluster. This information is in turn used by the on-board computer to calculate the vehicle’s range with the fuel remaining in the tank. This data provides vital pointers that enable the driver to adopt a driving style that is as efficient and economical as possible. Additional information relating to average speed or total driving time may be called up, too.
Oxidizing Catalytic Converter Emissions from diesel engines cannot be treated with the three-way catalytic converter because they operate with excess air. The use of a lambda control system is ruled out for technical reasons. An oxidizing catalytic converter is used to convert the combustion pollutants hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) into the harmless substances carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) by oxidation and reduction.
Oxygen Sensor
Lambda denotes the air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine (stoichiometric ratio). The ideal chemical ratio is lambda = 1, when it amounts to 32.4 lbs of air to 2.2 lb of fuel (for gasoline). The oxygen sensor is capable of measuring this ratio. It is responsible for ensuring that a catalytic converter operates correctly.
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The sensor sits in the exhaust tract ahead of the catalytic converter and measures the composition of the exhaust gases by means of the residual oxygen content. On the basis of this value, the engine control unit regulates the mixture composition for the injector system.
Panoramic Sunroof
The panoramic sunroof is a roof opening system that comprises at least two glass elements. The front glass section has an electrically operated tilt and slide function. It can be tilted and partially or entirely opened. When sliding, the front element is moved completely over the rear element. The rear glass element is fixed and does not have an opening function. The panoramic sunroof has an electrically operated roller blind, which covers the entire sunroof.
Park Distance Warning Systems (ParkPilot) ParkPilot uses ultrasonic sensors that measure the distance from the car’s front and/or rear bumpers to objects near the car. The system tells the driver by means of acoustic and/or visual signals when the vehicle gets too close to an object and the driver should brake.
Parking Brake- Electronic
The electronic parking brake replaces the usual handbrake with a switch on the instrument panel, and the conventional handbrake lever is no longer necessary. This creates more storage space between the front seats. The electronic parking brake is operated by means of two geared electric motors on the rear disc brakes. The mechanical components are designed in such a way that they will hold the parked car securely, even if the onboard electric power supply fails. Indicator lights in the instrument cluster and in the button show whether the parking brake has been activated. An operating sound also indicates that the brake is being applied. As well as ease of control via a button, the electronic parking brake offers additional convenience and safety functions such as the Dynamic Automatic Brake Release function and the Auto Hold function.
Parking Steering Assistant (Park Assist) The Parking Steering Assistant steers the car into parallel and perpendicular parking spaces in reverse. After pressing the Park Assist button – once for parallel and twice for perpendicular – the driver only needs to activate the accelerator pedal and brake once a gear is selected, as Park Assist automatically steers the vehicle into the parking space.
Passive Safety Passive safety refers to all design measures taken to protect you and your passengers from injury, or to reduce the risk of injury. It refers particularly to what happens in the event of a collision and
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includes the protection of other road users (partner protection). Besides the seat belt system, the most important passive safety features in our cars include the airbags, the "deformation-resistant" occupant cell and the front and rear deformation zones. These provide a substantial amount of protection for you and your passengers by dissipating the impact energy. Taken together with the active safety aspects, all Volkswagen models offer outstanding all-round protection.
Pedestrian Protection Pedestrian protection is one of the most important criteria as regards the exterior safety of a vehicle. Volkswagen builds its vehicles in such a way that other road users and pedestrians are exposed to as little danger as possible. The numerous measures undertaken by Volkswagen to ensure the protection of pedestrians include special deformation elements in the front bumper, a maximum possible distance between bonnet and engine, and deformable wings, some made of plastic. The aim of these measures is to minimize the risk of injury by designing the "contact zones" to yield as much as possible.
Radio Data System (RDS) RDS stands for Radio Data System and is a service provided by radio stations. As well as the audible station broadcast, additional information is transmitted in the form of encoded digital signals which can be processed by RDS-compatible radios. Due to the fact that the name of the station is transmitted (Program Service), the radio displays the name of the station rather than its frequency. The specification of alternative frequencies (AF) makes it possible to select the strongest available frequency for the selected station. If a signal becomes weaker, the radio switches automatically to a new frequency for the same station. Traffic Announcement (TA) plays traffic reports at a preset volume, even if a different audio source (CD or cassette) is currently active or if the radio is switched to mute. In addition, the radio switches automatically within a network of stations from a station that does not broadcast traffic reports to one that does (EON, Enhanced Other Network).
Rain Sensor The Volkswagen rain sensor automatically regulates the windscreen wiper speed according to the intensity of the rain. The sensor is housed in the mount of the interior mirror. It consists of a number of infrared LEDs and a central photodiode. The light emitted by the LEDs is reflected by the windscreen onto the photo sensor. The more drops of water there are on the windscreen, the less light the sensor receives. This information is relayed to an electronic control unit, which adapts the wiper interval accordingly. There is also a selector switch for individually adjusting the sensitivity of the sensor. The rain sensor is designed such that minor windscreen damage, dirt or ageing do not impair its functionality.
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The benefits of the rain sensor are comfort and safety. The driver is able to concentrate fully on the road, without having to worry about adjusting the wiper interval. This is a major boost to safety, particularly when visibility is suddenly impaired while overtaking trucks on a wet road, for example.
Ramp Angle
The ramp angle is the maximum angle at which the vehicle can drive slowly over a ramp without the underbody touching the edge of the ramp.
Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Rear Seat Entertainment from Volkswagen offers rear-seat passengers multimedia entertainment at the highest level. The main components are a TFT flat screen in the headlining or two screens in the head restraints of the front seats, a DVD player and an additional control panel on the rear center console. This is also where the sockets for the headsets are located, so that other passengers are not disturbed, as well as a separate video and audio input for connecting an external source, such as a games console. The DVD sound can also be played either using a headset or over the audio system’s speakers. So that the driver and passengers can still listen to the radio when the DVD is playing, it is also possible to operate the Rear Seat Entertainment system and radio separately. This feature was found in MY09-14 Routan models with RSE.
Rear Traffic Alert Rear Traffic Alert warns of moving objects directly behind the vehicle, by using its radar-based sensors to detect vehicle approaching from the side as the vehicle is backing up. Rear Traffic Alert can also brake when the vehicle is in reverse gear if its radar sensors detect an imminent collision with an approaching vehicle, and only if the driver is not depressing the brake.
Restraint System Restraint systems have the task of minimizing the risk of injury to passengers inside the vehicle. A restraint system for a front-end crash consists of correctly worn seat belts with belt tensioners and belt-force limiters, the driver and front-passenger airbag and possibly a knee airbag, the safety steering column and correctly positioned seats and head restraints.
Roll-Over Mitigation System
The New Beetle Convertible (MY03-10), Beetle Convertible (MY13+), and EOS (MY07-16) has an active roll-over bar system behind the rear head restraints, providing additional occupant safety in the event of the vehicle rolling over. The roll-over bar system consists of two separate housings fitted behind the rear seats, each fixed
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by six coupling points between the twin rear panels. Thanks to their efficient sectional design and full bolt fixing, the roll-over bars are able to absorb much higher forces than previous systems. In the same way that the crash sensors detect a possible roll-over or collision (at the front, rear or side), the safety system is activated by the airbag control unit. A release system is triggered, causing the supporting sections to shoot up by a maximum of 10.4 inches within 0.25 seconds. The sections are locked in place in their end positions and, together with the extremely rigid front windscreen frame, provide protection for all four seats. If the convertible top is up, the roll-over bar makes spring-loaded contact with the headliner. If the car does not roll over, the bars can be pushed back into their housings by hand. This helps to avoid repair costs which might otherwise be incurred.
Rotational Angle Sensor The navigation system’s rotational angle sensor senses the vehicle’s changes in direction to the right or left. This information combined with the signals from the wheel speed sensors indicating the distance travelled allows the navigation control unit to calculate the route being taken and the curve radius. This data is used for the purpose of dead reckoning navigation. Not only does dead reckoning navigation boost the accuracy of vehicle positioning, it also enables route calculation to be carried out in situations where the vehicle is unable to receive GPS signals, for example when driving through a tunnel.
Running Gear The running gear comprises all the moving parts of a vehicle that serve to maintain contact with the road surface. These include the wheels, suspension components, springs and shock absorbers, as well as steering and brakes.
• Sports suspension With a lowered body and specifically coordinated springs, shock absorbers and anti-roll bars for further enhanced driving pleasure with a high degree of comfort.
• Heavy-duty running gear Raised suspension compared with the standard suspension, with greater ground clearance and springs, shock absorbers and anti-roll bars adapted to the special conditions.
Safety Steering Column The safety steering column features elements which retract in a similar way to a telescope in the event of a collision, thereby preventing the steering from penetrating into the vehicle interior. Telescopic linkages and additional articulated joints largely isolate the steering wheel movement from the deformation of the bulkhead. In this way the risk of injury to the driver is reduced. During a crash not exceeding a certain severity, the steering wheel and the airbag maintain a defined position in front of the driver. An integrated adjuster mechanism with damper function reduces loading on the chest and head as far as is technically possible.
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SCR Catalytic Converter The SCR catalytic converter (Selective Catalytic Reduction) converts the exhaust constituent nitrogen oxide (NOx) into nitrogen and water without producing undesirable by-products. This conversion takes place using a synthetically produced aqueous urea solution, e.g. AdBlue, which is carried in an auxiliary tank. The substance, containing 32.5 percent urea, is added continuously to the exhaust tract upstream of the SCR catalytic converter. It is metered according to the mass flow rate of the exhaust gas and is precisely regulated by the engine management system, which receives information from the NOx sensor behind the SCR catalytic converter.
Seat Belt The main occupant protection system is the three-point inertia-reel seat belt. Its function is to restrain the occupants in their seats in the event of an accident so that they are decelerated at the same rate as the passenger cell in which they are sitting, and are not exposed to severe, uncontrolled forces. The automatic inertia reel enables the seat belt to be fastened easily, and offers maximum wear comfort for people of widely varying body shapes and sizes. Belt tensioners compensate for belt slack by tightening the belt on impact, pulling it tighter to the occupant’s body. The belt force limiter reduces the maximum belt force and therefore the risk of injury to the occupants’ upper bodies. The front occupants in particular benefit from the way it interacts with belt tensioners and airbags.
Side-Impact Protection Due to the practically non-existent crumple zones at the side of the vehicle and the immediate proximity of the occupant to the other party involved, the parameters of a side impact are very different to those of a frontal impact. Unlike the front and rear sections, this area of the car body offers very little scope for absorbing energy by means of material deformation. So that the passenger compartment is deformed in a very specific way in the event of a crash, this area must be made as stable as possible and the restraint systems used must be designed to respond in a matter of milliseconds. Volkswagen uses different safety mechanisms in the side of the car, which effectively reduce the risk of injury: • Side impact bars increase the rigidity of the doors and distribute the energy in the event of a
side-on crash. • Large door overlaps with the posts increase the deformation strength. The forces that occur in
the event of a crash can therefore be better absorbed into the floor and the roof supports. • Stable A, B and C posts ensure that the passenger compartment is resistant to deformation. • Stable cross-bracings in the floor ensure that sufficient survival space is preserved. • Optimally matched side and head airbags serve as the restraint system in the event of a side
impact.
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Speed-Dependent Power Steering The speed-dependent control of the power steering enhances maneuverability and comfort, consequently boosting safety. When the vehicle is maneuvered at low speeds – for instance when getting into or out of a parking space – power assistance is at its maximum. This means that the car is very easy to handle. At higher speeds, an electronic sensing system gradually reduces the level of power assistance. In this way, the driver can control the car at high speed and keep it on the chosen line even more accurately than with conventional power steering.
Speed-Dependent Volume Control Speed-dependent volume control (GALA) adjusts the audio system’s sound output to the current speed of the vehicle so that the passengers have the impression that music is always being played at the same volume. To achieve this, the radio or radio/navigation system has either an interface with the CAN data bus, or the speedometer signal is picked up via a separate contact.
Sport Seats Sports seats from Volkswagen enhance safety and offer impressive seating comfort and attractive looks. The prominent side sections (high bolsters) provide good lateral support when cornering and enable better control of the car in extreme driving situations.
Sport Suspension With a lowered body and specifically coordinated springs, shock absorbers and anti-roll bars for further enhanced driving pleasure with a high degree of comfort. This enables the vehicle to withstand increased side loads during cornering, compared to the standard suspension.
Supercharger
The term “supercharger” denotes boosting the charge pressure of an engine by means of a mechanically driven compressor. This increases the density of the air drawn in and is powered by means of a belt. As a result of the higher pressure, the level of charge in the individual cylinders is improved, with the result that more air is available for the combustion of fuel. In contrast to the turbocharger, the mechanical supercharger responds immediately from idling speeds. There is no delay resulting from “turbo-lag”.
Sustainability Sustainability includes all measures to protect and preserve the natural bases of our lives. Proactive environmental protection prevents the occurrence of negative influences such as noise and emissions through advance planning or new technologies (water-soluble paints, advanced engine management, economical driving). Corrective environmental protection avoids the negative effects of existing conditions (such as effluent treatment, catalytic converters, noise insulation). In the automotive industry, environmental protection starts when a new vehicle or production facility is planned and built, and continues through to the reprocessing and recycling of the materials
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previously installed or used. The driver can also make a contribution during use through economical and conscientious operation.
TDI ® At Volkswagen, TDI identifies diesel-powered models with direct injection and a turbocharger. Characteristic features of the TDI engines are fuel economy, high pulling power (torque), and outstanding power efficiency. TDI is a registered trademark of Volkswagen AG in many countries. The operating principle: a turbocharger supplies the engine with fresh air, thereby providing optimum cylinder charging. After compression, the diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinders at very high pressure through a nozzle. Effective engine encapsulation keeps noise to a minimum.
Tiptronic ® Automatic transmissions with Tiptronic, which are available with five or six speeds, have all the advantages and technical features of the automatic transmission. Tiptronic allows the driver to override the automatic mode by moving the lever into a second (Tiptronic) shift gate. Changing up is achieved by pushing the gear lever forwards, and changing down by pulling it back. Gear shifting is also possible with paddles on the steering wheel. Tiptronic provides the convenience of an automatic and the driving enjoyment and sportiness of a manual gearbox. Safety when overtaking is provided by the automatic change-up feature when the engine speed limit is reached. The sporty driver benefits from changing down and using the engine for braking before a bend or when climbing hills
Torque Torque is the force exerted at a point of rotation at the end of a lever arm (torque = force x lever arm). The physical unit for measuring torque is the Newton-meter (Nm). Modern engines are designed to deliver as much torque as possible, both from low rev speeds and over a wide rev range.
Torque Converter The torque converter assumes the role of the clutch in conventional automatic transmissions and transmits the drive forces between the engine and transmission. Torque converters are generally hydrodynamic, meaning they transmit the engine’s drive torque by means of the flow forces acting in a fluid, usually oil. The torque converter is particularly effective when pulling away (engine running, vehicle stationary) thanks to its ability to transmit torque and engine speed perfectly smoothly. The Volkswagen automatic dual-clutch gearbox DSG does not require a torque converter. Instead, it has clutches for transmitting power.
Torsen Differential The Torsen differential (torque sensing) is part of the 4MOTION four-wheel drive. It is a mechanically self-locking center differential which distributes the power between the front and rear wheels as required.
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Torsion Beam Rear Suspension
The torsion beam rear suspension has proved itself as the most economical layout for non-driven rear axles. Two trailing arms are connected by means of a cross member, which also serves as an anti-roll bar. The advantages of this form of suspension lie in the lateral stability it offers when cornering and in its extremely space-saving design, which permits good use of space in the rear.
Traction Control (ASR) For the high-torque engines, the traction control system offers more comfort and safety, particularly when driving on slippery roads or surfaces with differing degrees of grip. The traction control system facilitates smooth starting and acceleration over the entire speed range without wheelspin or fishtailing. The traction control system operates in tandem with the electronic accelerator (E-Gas) and uses the wheel speed sensors of the anti-lock braking system (ABS). If a sudden increase in speed is detected at one of the drive wheels (slip), the traction control intervenes in the engine management system to counter this effect by throttling back engine power. T raction control assures good traction and directional stability in the acceleration phase across the entire speed range and thus promotes active safety. In addition, it reduces tire wear. Traction control also incorporates the electronic differential lock (EDL) and makes up part of the electronic stabilization control (ESC).
Trapezoidal- Link Rear Suspension Trapezoidal-link rear suspension is a type of suspension that features a special wheel carrier with a lower trapezium-shaped link, an upper transverse link and a track rod located behind the trapezoidal link. The spring is connected to the trapezoidal link and the damper is coupled to the wheel carrier in a space-saving layout. This design produces excellent driving and handling characteristics with outstanding ride comfort.
TSI (Turbo Straight Injection) By amalgamating the positive qualities of direct-injection gasoline engines, the state-of-the-art TSI engines are able to satisfy the most exacting requirements while maximizing driving pleasure. All TSI engines stand out for their low fuel consumption, abundant pulling power and high torque from low revs.
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Turbocharger
Turbochargers increase the air throughput of an engine by compressing the air required for combustion. By fitting a turbocharger, power, torque and efficiency can therefore all be increased compared to a naturally aspirated engine with the same displacement. The turbocharger consists of two rigidly connected turbines, one of which is driven by the hot exhaust stream. Due to the rigid connection, the other turbine – which is referred to as the compressor wheel – is propelled at the same time, causing it to compress the inflowing fresh air. The compressed air is subsequently cooled down in an intercooler in order to reduce its volume and get more air – meaning more oxygen – into the combustion chamber. Besides increasing power output, turbocharging primarily has the effect of saving energy and lowering emissions.
Variable Intake Manifold The air required for combustion in the engine flows through the variable intake manifold to the intake valve. The length of the intake manifold is subject to variable – and in fact conflicting – demands at different engine speeds. Only by varying this length can the highest possible air inflow rate and good cylinder filling be achieved at all engine speeds. While the priority at low revs is to deliver torque as rapidly as possible – best attained by means of a long intake manifold – the need for maximum power output at high revs demands short intake manifolds. The variable intake manifold features an electronically controlled flap system that meets both those demands, channeling the air via the long intake manifold at low revs and through the short section at high revs.
Variable Vane Geometry Regulation of the turbocharger is necessary in order for almost constant boost pressure to be available across the widest engine-speed range possible. The variable turbine geometry continually adjusts the output of the turbines. Adjustable vanes guarantee this across a wide control range while at the same time maintaining a high level of efficiency. If the gas pressure is reduced at a low engine speed, the vanes are adjusted to reduce the cross-section in the turbocharger, resulting in an increase in gas pressure. If the exhaust gas pressure is increased at a higher engine speed, the cross-section of the supply line is increased by adjusting the vanes. Turbochargers with variable turbine geometry are particularly efficient at partial load and turbo lag is eliminated. They increase engine power, improve its response significantly and can also have a beneficial effect on its emissions.
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VR Engines VR engines are so named because the cylinder banks are at a “V” angle to each other. However, unlike most Vs, Volkswagen’s VR engines use a narrow V angle of 10.6-degrees. As a consequence, all of the combustion chambers or cylinders can be covered using one cylinder head. That characteristic makes them “inline” engines. The German word for an inline motor is “reihenmotor.” That’s where the “R” comes from. VR engines are about 2/3 smaller in their outside dimensions than are traditional V engines of the same displacement. And, unlike V engines, VR engines have only one intake and one exhaust manifold. (V engines have two of each.) Benefits of the VR engine are smooth power from a 6-cylinder in about the same space as a 4-cylinder, which allows more space for passengers and cargo, as compared to a vehicle with a comparable inline or VR6 engine.
Water Soluble Paints Conventional paints contain organic solvents that are harmful to the environment. During application and drying they enter the air, which then has to be purified at great effort and cost. In recent years high-quality paints have been developed in which water largely takes the place of solvents. The solvent content of the filler and basecoat paints used at Volkswagen, for example, has been reduced by more than 85 percent. In addition, our paint shops increasingly use economical, fully automatic paint application techniques. Processing these paints requires a high level of professionalism, precisely controlled climatic conditions and the most stringent standards of cleanliness.
W-Engine A large number of cylinders and a compact design – this was the challenge met by Volkswagen with the design of its W-engines. In a W-engine there are two banks of cylinders in V-formation, which are combined at an angle of 72 degrees to create one engine. The cylinders in each bank are aligned at an angle of 15 degrees. When two VR6 banks are added together, forming a shorter and narrower unit in comparison with to a pure V-engine, a W-engine is created. The cylinders operate with very slender connecting rods and an extremely short and lightweight crankshaft. One feature of the W-engine is its extremely compact design, which results in savings in materials and weight. For example, a W12-engine has smaller dimensions than a conventional V8.
Wheel Speed Sensor Wheel speed sensors measure the speed of the wheels, or a distance or angle covered per unit of time. All sorts of systems use the signals from the wheel speed sensors. For instance the operating principle of the anti-lock braking system, traction control and electronic stabilization program is dependent on information about the wheel speed. Navigation systems, too, use the signals
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supplied by these sensors to calculate the distance the car has covered. Wheel speed sensors are divided into what are known as passive and active sensors, with active sensors being used today predominantly as a result of their technical characteristics such as precision and minimal size. Active sensors require an additional power source for their operation, whereas passive sensors manage without an external energy source.
Xenon Headlights Xenon (Xenon is a gas) headlights offer significant advantages compared to conventional halogen lights. With a light spectrum similar to daylight, they make night driving less tiring for the driver’s eyes and therefore safer. They are notable for their excellent range and very good lateral spread. Further advantages are low energy consumption and durability superior to that of conventional halogen lights. The source of light is a gas-discharge lamp. An arc-over between two electrodes in the xenon-gas atmosphere in the lamp bulbs results in an ionized gas tube through which electric current flows. This causes the gaseous mixture to glow in the form of an electric arc. A sophisticated electronics system is needed to operate these bulbs in order to generate the high ignition voltage of between 18,000 and 30,000 volts and to guarantee automatic re-ignition and constant operation (at an output of just 35 watts).
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