volkswagen group of america eeo - diesel … 08, 2011 · • vw group strategy ... • volkswagen...

Volkswagen Group of America ‐ EEO DTF Congressional Briefing – Reducing Petroleum Use With DieselClean Diesel Technology and Diesel Fuel Overview

July 8 2011July 8, 2011

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewAgenda

• Introduction to Clean Diesel Engine Technology• Introduction to Clean Diesel Engine Technology• Current Products

• Four Cylinder Products• Six Cylinder Products

• Future Product Plans• Looking Forward – Industry Challenges

• Criteria Emissions• GHGGHG• Energy Issues

• VW Group Strategy• Combustion Engines

Di l E i i D il F P i l f Cl Di l• Diesel Engine in Detail – Future Potential of Clean Diesel• Biofuels for Diesel Engines• Diesel Biofuel Future Potential

• Summary

2VWGoA - EEOJuly 8, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing

Summary

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewFirst 25 Years of Diesel Development at the Volkswagen Group

3VWGoA – EEOJuly 8, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewIntroduction

• Volkswagen Group clean diesel technology• “Clean Diesel” means• Clean Diesel means

• Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) oxidation catalyst• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) reduction catalyst• Particulate Matter (PM) filter

• Complies in 50 states – meets California and Federal emission regulations• ULEV II California compliant• Federal Tier 2, Bin 5 compliantFederal Tier 2, Bin 5 compliant

• Engine technology is very sophisticated • Four valves per cylinder, double overhead camshafts• High and low pressure EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation)

EGR li• EGR cooling• Cylinder pressure sensors• Common rail fuel injection with 30,000 psi pressure

• Multiple injection events, including post injection


p j , g p j• Post injection necessary for emission control systems

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel Overview

• Volkswagen Jetta

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Products – Four Cylinder

• Launched summer of 2008 – first VW Group clean diesel• Over 100,000 diesel Jettas sold through 2010

• Engine specifications:• 2 0 L four cylinder• 2.0 L four cylinder • 140 HP @ 4000 rpm• 236 Ft-Lb of torque at 1750 rpm• EPA fuel economy label values of 30 city/42 highway

• This same engine is now offered in the VW Golf and the Audi A3• Current sales mix

• Jetta sedan: 25 % Diesel• Jetta Sportwagen: 80% dieselJetta Sportwagen: 80% diesel• VW Golf: 50% Diesel• Audi A3: 53% Diesel

• This engine will also be introduced in the new Passat built in Ch tt i l t thi


Chattanooga – coming later this year

Cl Di l d Di l F l O iClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Product - Golf


Cl Di l d Di l F l O iClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Product – Audi A3

7VWGoA - EEOJuly 8, 2011 – DFT Congress Briefing

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Product• VW Touareg and Audi Q7

L h d i th i f 2009• Launched in the spring of 2009• Instantly took a large percentage of sales vs. gasoline vehicles

• Engine specifications:• 3.0 L V-6• 225 HP @ 3750 RPM• 406 Ft-Lb of torque @ 1750 rpm• EPA fuel economy label values of 18 city/25 highway

• Current sales mix• Current sales mix• VW Touareg: 50%• Audi Q7: 43%

• Audi originally planned for 18-20% diesel penetration in both the A3 and Q7 - acceptance better than expected

• Next generation V-6 engine under development for Q5, A6, A8


Cl Di l d Di l F l O iClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Product – Audi Q7


Cl Di l d Di l F l O iClean Dieseland Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Product - Touareg


Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewIndustry Challenges

Energy

Greenhouse Gases

Energy

CO2

20352000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Exhaust Emissions CO, NOX, HC, PM


Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewMobility Industry Challenges – Criteria Emissions

• Agencies (EPA, CARB) expected to significantly lower emission standards• California: LEV III

• SULEV (Tier 2, Bin 2) fleet average• Reduces HC, CO NOx, PM levels• Zero evaporative emissions• Lower full useful life off-cycle standards (SFTP)

• EPA expected to set a similar regulation• Tier 3

• Future advanced combustion engines expect to comply• Both diesel and gasoline concepts

• LEV III, Tier 3 could be the last set of traditional emission standards

f f f• Future regulatory focus has shifted away from criteria pollutants towards energy issues (policy, security, climate change)


Cl Di l d Di l F l O iClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewMobility Industry Challenges – Potential GHG CO2 Targets

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160200

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/mile

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- 6% per year

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GHG 1 GHG 2

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New Cars with 0 g/mile CO2

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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewIndustry Challenges – Example of VW Group Strategy

H d

Electricitytraction

Electro‐

Hydrogen

(Regenerative)Fuel CellRenewable

SynFuel Hybrid

CCS®SunFuel®

Natural Gas

Oil

SynFuel

TDI®/TSI®

DSG®

Hybrid

Diesel Fuel

Natural Gas

14VWGoA – EEO

Gasoline DSG

July 8, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel Overview Focus on Efficiency/GHG – Engine/Fuel Technology • Advanced combustion concepts will focus on efficiency

• Significant CO2 reductions are still possible• Diesel and GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection)

• Downsized displacement• Fewer cylinders• Optimized charging• Reduced friction• Improved fuel Injection• Variable valve timing• Variable valve lift

• Low carbon fuels will also play an important role• Liquid fuels make the most sense for a light-duty vehicle

• Energy density, rangef• Increased use of ethanol and biodiesel is certain

• B20 for diesel• 2nd Generation Diesel?• E10+ for gasoline

E85 G th?


• E85 Growth?

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewDiesel Developments in Detail

• The diesel engine currently has • A 30% advantage in fuel economy over gasoline engines• A 20% advantage in CO2 reduction over gasoline engines

• From the VW perspective this advantage will continue• From the emissions standpoint diesel aftertreatment continues to develop

• Improved conversion efficiency – SULEV diesel possible• Improved durability• Lower cost• Reduced CO2 penalty

• From an efficiency standpoint the diesel is also improving• 2200 bar (33,000 psi), multi-hole injectors• Up to 7 discrete injection events per combustion cycle (rate shaping)• Sophisticated high and low pressure EGR systems

( )• In cylinder pressure sensors (reduced cylinder to cylinder variations)• VVT and VVL added to diesels (currently more popular in gasoline engines)

• From a fuels standpoint deposit control, tighter quality specifications critical• Deposits have a big effect on injector performance, spray pattern

Ti ht t l h l lib ti h t d it

16VWGoA – EEOJuly 8, 2011 – DTF Congress Breifing

• Tighter tolerances helps calibration, such as cetane, density

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewRenewable Diesel Fuel Perspective – An Excellent Biofuel Platform

• Three major biodiesel types: FAME, HVO, BTL• FAME: First generation (SME, RME)FAME: First generation (SME, RME)

• VW Group approves B5 methyl ester biodiesel in clean diesel products• Primary issue for higher blend is crankcase oil dilution due to post injection

• Higher boiling range of FAME results in biodiesel collecting in engine oil – this could result in engine failureoil this could result in engine failure

• The same issue exists in Europe – B10 testing showed concern• B7 RME compromise recently reached for diesels with aftertreatment

• Secondary issues are shelf life, oxidation and fuel quality concerns• BTL, HVO do not have these concernsBTL, HVO do not have these concerns

• Lower boiling range similar to petroleum diesel characteristics• No issues with higher level blends

• Future steps:• FAME: VW Group investigating B20 FAME for the US marketFAME: VW Group investigating B20 FAME for the US market

• Higher level blends may be possible through application changes• Potential to lower dilution resulting from post injection• Potential to improve other FAME properties• Quality of FAME biodiesel is improving

17VWGoA - EEOJuly 8, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing.

Qua ty o b od ese s p o g• HVO, BTL: No issues accepting these fuels – HVO use increasing in Europe

• BTL is an excellent fuel: 0 sulfur, 0 aromatics, 70 cetane

Electricitytraction

Electro-

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel Overview

OilGasoline

SynFuel

Hydrogen

TDI®/TSI®DSG®

Hybrid

CCS®SunFuel®

Diesel Fuel


Natural Gas

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewAlternative Fuels

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Hydrogen

TDI®/TSI®DSG®

Hybrid

CCS®SunFuel®

Diesel Fuel


Natural Gas

Clean Diesel and Diesel FuelSynergies in New Combustion Process CCS®

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Partially homogenized Partially Auto‐Ignition

High Pressure Injection High Pressure Injection

Direct Injection

Charging

Direct Injection

Charging

19VWGoA – EEO

Swirl Chamber Port Injection

July 8, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing.

Clean Diesel and Diesel FuelClean Diesel and Diesel FuelFuture Combustion Engine Potential

• Convergence of diesel and gasoline technology provides interesting opportunity “C bi d” i i i ffi i ith l i t i i• “Combined” engine may maximize efficiency with low engine out emissions

• VW Group examining both diesel and gasoline as base fuel• Also including BTL and cellulosic ethanol as candidate fuels

• Current conclusion is that a new fuel is neededN th ibl f l• Naptha a possible fuel

• Research work continues on CCS

• Current focusSt i hi t i li ith th l bl d• Stoichiometric gasoline with ethanol blends

• Lean burn diesel with biodiesel blends• FAME at higher blend levels than B5

• Properties and quality are improvingHVO l d d bl di f l• HVO also a recommended blending fuel

• Favorable characteristics• Can be immediately used at higher blend levels

• BTL is still considered in the longer termE ll t f l ti


• Excellent fuel properties• No issues with blend levels

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel Strategy

Fuel cell

Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel StrategyCurrent Volkswagen Powertrain and Fuel Strategy

Hydrogen(regenerative)

Electricdrive

Renewable Electricity

(regenerative)

Cellulose-Ethanol

SunFuel®

natural gas

Ethanol

SynFuelCNG

Hybrid

Gasolinepetroleum

TDI/TSI/DSGDiesel

21VWGoA – EEOJuly 8,, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing

volkswagen group of america eeo - diesel … 08, 2011 · • vw group strategy ... • volkswagen...

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