volcanoes 12 1 notes 08 09
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What are volcanoes?
• How many active volcanoes in the world?– Over 600
• What is the world’s most active volcano?
• Vocab words:– Vent– Magma chamber– Crater– lava
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Why does magma move towards the surface?
• Magma is less dense than surrounding rock.
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Where does magma form?
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Volcanic Vent
• The opening of a volcano where the magma escapes to reach the earth’s surface
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Craters
• The steep walled depression around a volcanoes vent
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How do Volcanoes Form?
heat and pressure changes the rock to melt forming liquid magma
Magmas less dense than rock, forced slowly towards earth’s surface
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Effects of Eruptions
• Floods• Lava Flows• Ash, rock, chemicals in the air (acid rain)• Burning• New land masses• Destruction• Mud Flows
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Kilauea in Hawaii
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The Hawaiian name "Kilauea" means "spewing" or "much spreading," in reference to the lava flows
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• Most Recent EruptionContinuous since January 3, 1983
• Number of Historical Eruptions 61
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Effects of Eruptions
• Ash – harmful to life, buildings, roads
• High temperatures – can ignite wood
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Mt Spur, Alaska
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Montserrat
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Montserrat 1995 - 2004
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• Pyroclastic flow – hot volcanic gas and ash moving in a cloud directly over the Earth’s surface
• Acid rain – results when sulfur gases from volcano mix w/ water in the atmosphere– Harmful to vegetation and aquatic life
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Where do volcanoes occur?
• They often occur when Earth’s tectonic plates:– Move apart – divergent boundary– Move towards each other – convergent
boundary– At “Hot Spots” – where crust of Earth is
thinner than normal
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Divergent boundary
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Iceland
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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Hekla
• Hekla is located in Iceland
• last erupted on February 20, 2000
• At a divergent plate boundary
• composite volcano• began erupting in
1819
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Iceland
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Iceland
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Convergent boundary
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Mt St Helens
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Soufriere Hills on Montserrat
• Example of a convergent boundary responsible for volcanism
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