volcano notes what materials erupt from volcano? 1.gases 2.molten rock 3.solid fragments
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Volcano NotesWhat materials erupt from Volcano?
1. Gases
2. Molten Rock
3. Solid Fragments
![Page 2: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GASES
• STEAM is most abundant, 66%
• Other gases CO2, N, S, H, Cl, Ar, F
• White clouds: indicate STEAM
• Bluish/brown: indicate SULFUR
![Page 3: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
FUMAROLE
• Crack in a volcano• Temps range 200-
400 degrees• Alaska’s Valley of
10,000 Smokes• SOLFATARA:
special fumarole, releases SULFUR
![Page 4: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gases: determine eruption
• EXPLOSIVE: thick magma, trapped gases, Ex: Mt Pelee
• GENTLE: magma is fluid, gases can escape, Ex: Hawaii
![Page 5: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Trapped gases underground
• HOT SPRINGS form when groundwater boils
• GEYSER is special type that erupts periodically
![Page 6: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
MOLTEN ROCK
• MAGMA: melted rock below the earth’s surface
• LAVA: melted rock above the earth’s surface
![Page 7: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Types:
• AA: rough, jagged, sharp lava
• PAHOEHOE: smooth, satin-like, ropey lava
![Page 8: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Examples:
• PILLOW LAVA: forms when lava flows into the ocean
• PILLAR LAVA: as lava cools, surface shrinks, forms hexagonal columns
![Page 9: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SOLID FRAGMENTS• DUST: smallest• ASH: next largest• LAPILLI: grape-sized• CINDERS: glassy• BOMBS: tear-dropped• BLOCK: largest• TUFF: combination• PUMICE: light gray rock, floats• SCORIA: heavier, more red
![Page 10: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Lapilli, Bomb, Pumice, Block
![Page 11: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
NUEE ARDENTE
• A mixture of steam, other gases, pumice, ash• Flows down hill like an avalanche
![Page 12: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sources of Magma• BATHOLITH: larger
than 40 square mi• STOCK: less than 40
square mi• LACCOLITH: Domed
surface• DIKE: vertical intrusion• SILL: horizontal
intrusion• PIPE: connects• NECK: center of cone• DOME: may form
![Page 13: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FISSURE or RIFT
• Crack in the surface of earth
• Magma escapes• May be miles long
![Page 14: Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? 1.Gases 2.Molten Rock 3.Solid Fragments](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf751a28abf838c80883/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Top of Volcano:
• CONE: visible part of volcano, the rim is called the crater
• If rim collapses and enlarges it is called a CALDERA