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CoverContentsPreface To The First EditionI - The Theoretical Basis Of Qualitative AnalysisA - Chemical Formulae And Equations1 - Symbols of the elements2 - Empirical Formulae3 - Valency and oxidation number4 - Structural formulae5 - Chemical equations

B - Aqueous Solutions Of Inorganic Substances6 - Electrolytes and non-electrolytes7 - Electrolysis, the nature of electrolytic conductance, ions8 - Some properties of aqueous solutions9 - The theory of electrolytic dissociation10 - Degree of dissociation. Strong and weak electrolytes11 - The independent migration of ions. Calculation of conductivities from ionic mobilities12 - Modern theory of strong electrolytes13 - Chemical equilibrium; The law of mass action14 - Activity and activity coefficients

C - Classical Theory Of Acid-Base Reactions15 - Acids, bases, and salts16 - Acid-Base dissociation equilibria. Strength of acids and bases17 - Experimental determination of the dissociation equilibrium constant. Ostwald's dilution law18 - The dissociation and ionic product of water19 - The hydrogen-ion Exponent (pH)20 - Hydrolysis21 - Buffer solutions22 - The experimental determination of pH

D - The Bronsted-Lowry Theory Of Acids And Bases23 - Definition of acids and bases24 - The protolysis of acids. Strengths of acids and bases25 - Interpretation of other acid-base reactions with the Bronsted-Lowry theory

E - Precipitation Reactions26 - Solubility of precipitates27 - Solubility product28 - Applications of the solubility product relation29 - Morphological structure and purity of precipitates30 - The colloidal state

F - Complexation Reactions31 - The formation of complexes32 - The stability of complexes33 - The application of complexes in qualitative inorganic analysis34 - The most important types of complexes applied in qualitative analysis

G - Oxidation-Reduction Reactions35 - Oxidation and reduction36 - Redox systems (half-cells)37 - Balancing oxidation-reduction equations38 - Important oxidizing and reducing agents39 - Redox reactions in galvanic cells40 - Electrode potentials41 - Oxidation-Reduction potentials42 - Calculations based on the nearest equation43 - Conclusions drawn from the tables of oxidation-reduction potentials44 - Equilibrium constant of oxidation-reduction reactions

H - Solvent Extraction45 - The distribution or partition law46 - The application of solvent extraction in qualitative analysis

II - Experimental Techniques Of Qualitative Inorganic Analysis1 - Introduction2 - Dry reactions3 - Wet reactions4 - Semimicro apparatus and semimicro analytical operations5 - Micro apparatus and microanalytical operations6 - Spot test analysis

III - Reactions Of The Cations1 - Classification of cations (metal ions) into analytical groups2 - Notes on the study of the reactions of ions3 -First group of cations: Lead(II), Mercury(I), and Silver(I)4 - Lead, Pb5 - Mercury, Hg - (I)6 - Silver, Ag7 - Second group of cations: Mercury(II), Lead(II), Bismuth(III), Copper(II), Cadmium(II), Arsenic(III) and (V), Antinomy(III) and (V), and Tin(II) and (IV)8 - Mercury, Hg - (II)9 - Bismuth, Bi10 - Copper, Cu11 - Cadmium, Cd12 - Arsenic, As - (III)13 - Arsenic, As - (V)14 - Special tests for small amounts of arsenic15 - Antimony, Sb - (III)16 - Antimony, Sb - (V)17 - Special tests for small amounts of antimony18 - Tin, Sn - (II)19 - Tin, Sn - (IV)20 - Third group of cations: Iron(II) and (III), Aluminium, Chromium(III) and (VI), Nickel, Cobalt, Manganese(II) and (VII), and Zinc21 - Iron, Fe - (II)22 - Iron, Fe - (III)23 - Aluminium, Al24 - Chromium, Cr - (III)25 - Oxoanions of group III metals: Chromate and Permanganate26 - Cobalt, Co27 - Nickel, Ni28 - Manganese, Mn - (II)29 - Zinc, Zn30 - Fourth group of cations: Barium, Strontium, and Calcium31 - Barium, Ba32 - Strontium, Sr33 - Calcium, Ca34 - Fifth group of cations: Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, and Ammonium35 - Magnesium, Mg36 - Potassium, K37 - Sodium, Na38 - Ammonium ion, NH4+

IV - Reactions Of The Anions1 - Scheme of classification2 - Carbonates, (CO3)-23 - Hydrogen carbonates, (HCO3)-14 - Sulphites, (SO3)-25 - Thiosulphates, (S2O3)-26 - Sulphides, S-27 - Nitrites, (NO2)-18 - Cyanides, CN-19 -Cyanates, OCN-110 - Thiocyanates, SCN-111 - Hexacyanoferrate(II) ions, [Fe(CN)6]-412 - Hexacyanoferrate(III) ions [Fe(CN)6]-313 - Hypochlorites, OCl-114 - Chlorides, Cl-115 - Bromides, Br-116 - Iodides, I-117 - Fluorides, F-118 - Nitrates, (NO3)-119 - Chlorates, (ClO3)-120 - Bromates, (BrO3)-121 - Iodates, (IO3)-122 - Perchlorates, (ClO4)-123 - Borates, (BO3)-3, (B4O7)-2, (BO2)-124 - Sulphates, (SO4)-225 - Peroxodisulphates, (S2O8)-226 - Silicates, (SiO3)-227 - Hexafluorosilicates (Silicofluorides), [SiF6]-228 - Orthophosphates, (PO4)-329 - Pyrophosphates, (P2O7)-4, and Metaphosphates, (PO3)-130 - Phosphites, (HPO3)-231 - Hypophosphites, (H2PO2)-132 - Arsenites, (AsO3)-3, and Arsenates, (AsO4)-333 - Chromates, (CrO4)-2, and Dichromates, (Cr2O7)-234 - Permanganates, (MnO4)-135 - Acetates, (CH3COO)-136 - Formates, (HCOO)-137 - Oxalates, ((COO)2)-238 - Tartrates, (C4H4O6)-239 - Citrates, (C6H5O7)-340 - Salicylates, (C6H4(OH)COO)-1 or (C7H5O3)-141 - Benzoates, (C6H5COO)-1 or (C7H5O2)-142 - Succinates, (C4H4O4)-243 - Hydrogen Peroxide, H2O244 -Dithionites, (S2O4)-245 - Special tests for mixtures of anions

V - Systematic Qualitative Inorganic Analysis1 - Introduction2 - Preliminary tests on non-metallic solid samples3 - Preliminary tests on metal samples4 - Preliminary tests on liquid samples (samples in solution)5 - Preliminary tests on insoluble substances6 - Dissolution of the sample7 - Examination of the insoluble residue8 - Separation of cations into groups9 - Separation and identification of the group I cations (silver group)10 - Separation of the group II cations into groups IIA and IIIB11 - Separation and identification of group IIA cations12 - Separation and identification of group IIB cations13 - Removal of interfering ions before the precipitation of the group III cations14 - Separation and identification of group IIIA cations15 - Separation and identification of group IIIB cations16 - Separation and identification of group IV cations17 - Identification of group V cations18 - Preliminary tests for and separation of certain anions19 - Confirmatory tests for anions

VI - Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis1 - Introduction2 - The study of reactions of cations and anions on the semimicro scale3 - Systematic analysis on the semimicro scale. General considerations4 - Preliminary tests on the semimicro scale5 - Testing for anions in solution on the semimicro scale6 - Confirmatory tests for anions on the semimicro scale7 - Special tests for mixtures of anions on the semimicro scale8 - Preparation of solution for cation testing on the semimicro scale9 - Separation of cations into groups on the semimicro scale10 - Separation and identification of group I cations on the semimicro scale11 - Separation of groups IIA and IIB and separation and identification of group IIA cations12 - Separation and identification of group IIB cations on the semimicro scale13 - Separation and identification of group IIIA cations on the semimicro scale14 - Separation and identification of group IIIB cations on the semimicro scale15 - Separation and identification of group IV cations on the semimicro scale16 - Identification of group V cations on the semimicro scale17 - Modification of separation procedures in the presence of interfering anions18 - Separations by paper and thin layer chromatography. General introduction19 - Apparatus and technique for chromatographic separations20 - Procedures for selected chromatographic separations

VII - Reactions Of Some Less Common Ions1 - Introduction2 - Thallium, Tl - (I)3 - Thallium, Tl - (III)4 - Tungsten, W - Tungstate5 - Separation and identification of group I cations in the presence of thallium and tungsten6 - Molybdenum, Mo - Molybdate7 - Gold, Au - (III)8 - Platinum, Pt9 - Palladium, Pd10 - Selenium, Se - Selenites, (SeO3)-211 - Selenium, Se - Selenates, (SeO4)-212 - Tellurium, Te - Tellurites, (TeO3)-213 - Tellurium, Te - Tellurates, (TeO4)-214 - Separation and identification of group II cations in the presence of Molybdenum, Gold, Platinum, Palladium, Selenium, and Tellurium15 - Vanadium, V - Vanadate16 - Beryllium, Be17 - Titanium, Ti - (IV)18 - Zirconium, Zr19 - Uranium, U20 - Thorium, Th21 - Cerium, Ce - (III)22 - Cerium, Ce - (IV)23 - Separation of group II cations in the presence of Titanium, Zirconium, Thorium, Uranium, Cerium, Vanadium, Thallium, and Molybdenum24 - Lithium, Li25 - The Borax bead test in the presence of less common cations

VIII - An Abbreviated Course Of Qualitative Inorganic Analysis1 - Introduction2 - Reactions of cations and anions3 - Systematic analysis. General consideration4 - Preliminary tests on solutions5 - Testing for anions in solutions6 - Confirmatory tests for anions7 - Special tests for mixtures of anions8 - Separation and identification of cations in solution9 - Modifications in the presence of anions of organic acids, fluoride, and phosphate

IX - Appendix1 - Relative atomic masses of the elements2 - Reagent solutions and gases3 - Solid reagents4 - Solubilities of salts and bases in water at 18C5 - Logarithms6 - Antilogarithms7 - Concentrated acids and bases8 - Periodic table of the elements

Index