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Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Drossen Dam
Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Gerald Zenz
Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Austria – Salzburg - Kaprun – Mooserboden Reservoir
Development
Electricity
Pumped Storage
Safe Operation
Flood Risk Reduction
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
SAFETY
Des
ign
Con
stru
ctio
n
Pre
pare
dnes
s fo
r em
erge
ncy
Rehabilitation
MaintenanceReduction of Losses
Sur
veill
ance
ATCOLD / Dam Safety Expert Seminar / Melbinger
NAME OF PRESENTATION COMES HERE ARIAL 24 PTS
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Gerald Zenz – TU Graz
Johannes Linortner - Pöyry Energy GmbH
Roman Kohler - Pöyry Energy GmbH Hydro
Bernhard Mayer - Pöyry Energy GmbH Hydro
Design & construction of Ermenek arch dam
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Ermenek - Double Curved Arch Dam
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Design – Construction - Measures
Grout CurtainHydraulic Head22bar
Drainage Curtain
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Concreting of Dam – Block Joint Grouting - Impounding
500.0
532.9539.9
551.1
564.4
574.1581.2
592.7
606.8615.9
620.4
624.6
500.00
550.00
600.00
650.00
700.00
01.01.2008
31.12.2008
31.12.2009
01.01.2011
EL
EV
AT
ION
/ K
Ot
[m]
WATER LEVEL versus TIME/ Zamana karşı Su SeviysiCONCRETE/BETON
REACHING 17° (Elevation reached in average)/17° YE ULAŞILMASI (bütünüyle tamamlanmış Kotlar)
REACHING 17° (Elevation completely f inished)/ 17° YE ULAŞILMASI (bütünüyle tamamlanmış Kotlar)
BLOCK JOINT GROUTNG: Start / BLOCK DERZİ EJEKSİYONU: Başlangıç
BLOCK JOINT GROUTNG: End / BLOCK DERZİ EJEKSİYONU: Bitiş
START OF IMPOUNDING:10.08.2009 -
10.03.2009 = CLOSURE OF T1/T1'in kaptılması
10.08.2009: CLOSURE OF T2 = START OF RISING OF WATER LEVEL
633
598
508
538
568
30.12.09
25.10.08
09.08.08
24.03.09
Work Suspention due to Financing Problems
66015.01.2012
Minimum Operation Water LevelMinimum Işletme Su Seviyesi
15.06.2009 = Injection T1/T1'in enjektion
11.03.09
27.07.09
02.04.09
15.12.09
26.04.09
03.06.09663
16.01.10
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Ermenek – Construction at Crest Elevation
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Pro
bab
ilit
y o
f F
ailu
re
Time of Usage - Years
Failure - Probability - Curve
Impounding
Design – BehaviorInconsistencies
Normal Operation
Ageing
ATCOLD / Dam Safety Expert Seminar / Melbinger
Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Bottom Outlet2 steel pipes through DamLength 37 mDiameter 1.3 mClosing Device: 2 slide gatesSpillway4 Dam Crest Overflow Sections Radial Gates 4x 8.0/8.0 mStilling Basin 106/66 mCapacity 1500 m³/s
Tsankov Kamak
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Tsankov Kamak during Construction
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Abutment Forces
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Model of Dam Abutment – System Behaviour
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Conservative Model - Keyblock Analysis
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Quality Assurance – During Execution of
Construction
– Rock Abutment (Geological Monitoring)
– Concrete Production / Surface / Core
– Grouting
– Temperature Distribution
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Tsankov Kamak during Impounding – August 2010
Forward for optimum useof Hydro Power
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Testing of Spillway
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Execution of Monitoring
Measurement Program
Program for Observation(Visual Inspection)
Testing of Equipment
Comparison of Results
Variation of Tests
Documentation of Results
Handover of gained results
Normal Operation Extraordinary Results
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Birecik - HEPP – 2500GWh
Commercial Operation
Dam Safety Monitoring
– Set in operation
– Impounding
– Annual Safety Assessment
– Experience for new projects
Water Pressure – Piezometer, Pressure Cell, Drainage Drillings
Water Seepage – Drainage Collection Channel; Measurement Weirs
Structural Behaviour – Extensometer, Plumpline, Joint Opening, Temperature
Geodetic Measurements – Settlements
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Monitoring - Uplift – During first years
Uplift Measurements – Foundation and Comparison with Design Assumptions
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Increased need of electricity
Huge increase of Energy Balance
Significant Change
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment 13.05.2012 PAGE 24VERBUND
The new world of demand and supply decoupling
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Storage– and Pumped Storage Power Plants
High efficiency and high reliability
Control capability - electricity produced if needed in the system
In Pumped-storage HPP – Taking out electric energy from the grid
Source: Prof. Brauner / TU Wien
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Entire Development in Rock
Power WaterwayØi 6.20 m, Length 4 kmDesign discharge 144 m3/s
Pressure Shaft Øi 4.80 m, Length 0.6 km
Cavern app. 50.000 m³
Road Construction for execution – 6 km with 5km of this road in of tunnel
Pumped Storage Limberg II
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Optimization of Surge Tank
Connections
– Lower Chamber – Pressure Shaft
– Lower Chamber – Inclined Shaft
– Upper Chamber – Inclined Shaft
Optimization of Surge Tank
Connection lower chamber – inclined shaft
Deaeration of lower chamber
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Lower Chamber – Pressure Shaft
Model Scale M=1:30
Observation of instationary oszillations
Emptying of upper chamber
De- and aeration of lower chamber
Verifcation of hydraulic losses
Simulation Turbine
Simulation Pressure Tunnel
Pressure Cells
Water Level Gauges
Physical Model of Surge Tank
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Permanent Information about Performance
Weather independent
Warning instantaneous
Continuous Data Series
No Reading errors
Special to consider
Complete Information (Visual Inspection Required)
Periodically Reading Manually
Plant Knowledge reduction
Expensive System
Special Knowledge required
System Errors possible
Continuously Remote Dam Monitoring
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS
Deformation of Dam with its environment
Total Deformation
General Verification for Plump line and extensometers
Observation about large scale deformations
Inspection if fixed points and measurement points are damaged
Clearing for Visibility
Visual Inspection
Dam Attendant
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
AUTH
ORI
TYD
AM O
WN
ER
ATCOLD / Dam Safety Expert Seminar / Melbinger
Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Austrian COMMISSION on DAMS
Established in the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry,Environment and Water Management
Experts within all dam related Sciences
Check of the Project in course of the Water Rights Procedure mandatory if H>15m, I>500.000 m3
mandatory if special/unusual methods of design/construction applied, or if difficult foundation conditions
Matters of general importance, fundamental questions (e.g. guidelines)
"Backbone" dam supervision (Permanent - Subcommittee)
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
The DAM SAFETY ENGINEER
Responsible for all issues of dam safety Normal operation Extraordinary events/incidents
Requirements ▪ Member of Technical Management Level in the (DSE+Deputies): Company
Dam Expert Familiar with the plant Reliable Appropriate Directive Power to take measures Appropriate availability
Comprehensive Liabilities - Dam Supervision
Comprehensive Liabilities as to Reporting Annual Safety Report (Safety assessment)
Need of Approval by the Water Authority!!!
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Theory – Dam Engineering
Dam safety general aspects
Concrete and embankment dams
Dam foundation and reservoir
Bottom outlets and spillways
Layout of instrumentation
Instrumentation devices
Visual inspection
Execution of measurements
Safety assessment
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Fill Dam - Durlassboden
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Fill Dam - Durlassboden
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Fill Dam - Durlassboden
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Concrete Dam - Kaprun
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Concrete Dam - Kaprun – Testing of Bottom Outlet
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Concrete Dam - Kaprun – Testing of Bottom Outlet
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
Design & Analysis
Dam Structures – Design – Analysis – Construction - Performance
Construction / Observation
Operation / Monitoring
Improving / Upgrading
Synergy &
Transfer of Know How
Recursive Process
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BEVOS 2012Dam Design, Surveillance and Safety Assessment
References
Austrian Committee on Large Dams – http://www.atcold.at
2nd Dam Experts Seminar – Kaprun 2005
Swiss Committee on Large Dams - http://www.swissdams.ch
Linortner J, Zenz G, Kohler R: Impounding Ermenek Reservoir – in German Water resources Management, 4 (2010)