vocal pedagogy articulatory anatomy. filter every structure in the vocal tract above the vocal folds...
TRANSCRIPT
Vocal pedagogy
Articulatory anatomy
Filter Every structure in the vocal tract above
the vocal folds acts in some way as a filter for the sound produced at the glottis.
Structures may change the shape of the tract or act as resonators for the sound
These factors make the voice individual.
Cranial bones Cranial bones cover the brain and give
protection. They may appear solid ut many have air filled cavities called sinuses.
Sinuses have poor blood, nerve and vascular supply. They are common sites for infection. Mucous from the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary sinuses drain into the nasal cavities
Sphenoid and ethmoid bones These are central to the skull The ethmoid lies directly inform of the
sphenoid The sphenoid is associated with the
functions of sight, hearing and smell
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Mandible U shaped bone which forms the lower
jaw Only movable bone in the facial
skeleton Many muscle attach to it Articulates with the cranium at the
temporomandibular joint TMJ allows opening/closing, sideto side
and front/back movement of jaw for speech, chewing and facial expression
Mandible
Maxilla Forms the upper jaw, roof of the
mouth, lateral walls of the nose, part of eye sockets and attachment of upper teeth
The maxillary sinuses are the largest of the cranial and facial sinuses
Maxilla
Velo-pharyngeal port Passage between the oropharynx
and the nasopharynx. Controlled by the muscles of the
velum/soft palate which are all considered extrinsic except the muscle of the uvula
Muscles of palatal movement
Elevators Levator veli palatini (from temporal
bone) Musculus uvulae (NB uvula itself has
very few muscle fibres) Depressors
Palatoglossus (anterior faucial pillar) can lower palate or left tongue
Palatopharyngeus (posterior faucial pillar) 4 functions relating to swallowing
Muscles of palatal movement Tensors
Tensor veli Palatini- dilates the eustacian tube and tenses and flattens the soft palate
Tongue The tongue is used for chewing
and swallowing but has also been developed for speech
It can depress, flatten, extend/retract, curl sides and curl tip.
With each change in shape there is a change in the acoustic characteristics of the vocal tract.
Divisions of tongue
Intrinsic muscle of tongue Superior longitudinal
Elevates, assists retraction, moves tip Inferior longitudinal
Pulls tip down, assist retraction Transverse
Pulls side edges to midline Vertical
flattens
Intrinsic muscle of tongue
Extrinsic muscle of tongue Genioglossus
Retract, protudes,depresses Styloglossus
Raises tongue tip up and back Hyoglossus
Pulls sides down and back Palatoglossus/glossopalatine
Lowers palate or elevates base of tongue
Extrinsic muscle of tongue
Muscle of face Contribute to facial expression,
chewing and articulation Greatest affect on vocal tract is the
movement of the lips Interaction with nearly a dozen
other paired muscles gives rise to a wide range if movements
Muscle of face
Muscles of pharynx Important in swallowing Affect the filter/shape of vocal
tract and velo-pharyngeal opening Three fan shaped constrictors
Muscles of pharynx
Oral and Pharyngeal cavity