Vocabulary-use 5 words in 5 sentences

Gilded AgeIndustryEntrepreneurMonopolyCorporationStandard OilJohn D RockefellerParty BossPolitical machineTammany Hall/Boss TweedRobber Barron

LaborImmigrationUrbanizationEllis IslandAngel IslandChild laborLabor unions (AFL)Eugene DebsSamuel GompersHaymarket RiotsPullman strikeTenement houses

The Gilded Age in American History

1865-1896

GildPronunciation: gildFunction: Transition verb1: to overlay with or as if with a thin covering of gold2a: to give money to b: to given an attractive but often deceptive appearance to c archaic: to make bloodyGild-ed adjective

Why would an era be referred to as “Gilded?”

The Gilded AgeA Tale of Today

Book gave name to the era

Time of gaudy excess and a new class of wealth, political corruption and conquest of the West

By Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner

Washington Square North, New York City by Fernand Lungren

The Gilded Age ImpactRailroad buildingReconstruction of the SouthIndustrialization of the United StatesSettling of Western FrontierImmigration (the “New Immigrants”)Rise of large urban centers (big cities)Political Corruption

Era of the RailroadsTranscontinental Railroad completed on May 10, 1869.Railroad building triggered the industrial revolution

Railroad building required steel, oil and other resources provided by industry.Railroads connected the entire nation and eased travel

Aided the economic growth of the WestRailroad building provided employment for new immigrants

RailroadsRailroads were built by using cheap immigrant labor

IrishChinese

Railroads were built across Native American ancestral lands

Chinese Immigration PS Analysis

Read the primary sources and answer the corresponding questions.Answer the essay question at the end.

Prepare to present.Due EOC.

Warm Up

Use these words in five sentences:John D RockefellerParty BossPolitical machineTammany Hall/Boss TweedRobber Barron

Time: 7 minutes.

The Industrialization of America

United States becomes a world industrial powerRise of dominant railroad, steel and oil industries.Rise of Titans of Industry

Andrew CarnegieLeland StanfordJohn D. RockefellerCornelius Vanderbilt

Dynamic era of new inventions and commercial products

Light bulb, Kodak camera, typewriter etc.Thomas Edison

The Standard Oil Octopus

John D. Rockefeller’s company becomes a monopoly by destroying all competition and gaining favorable government policies.

IndustrializationCorrupt business practices Monopolies destroy competitionWorkers wages lowDangerous working conditions.Child labor, no restrictions.Labor Unions emerging, but lacked strength and viewed as radical

Knights of LaborAmerican Federation of Labor

New ImmigrationMillions of Europeans and Asians immigrate from 1860s to early 1920s. Immigrants come to escape poverty, old social orders and religious persecution and to find freedom and opportunity in America. New immigrants come from regions that had not supplied past immigrants, new cultural traditions added. America becomes the “Great Melting Pot”

The New ImmigrantsSettled in ethnic Ghettos and slums in American cities.Lived in overpopulated tenement houses.New immigrants worked jobs that paid the lowest wages and did the toughest work.Nativism reemerged in greater force in America

Nativism

The belief that NATIVE born Americans are superior to foreigners. Racist and xenophobic.Does this still exist today?

Captains of Industry or Robber Barons?

Read the secondary and primary sources.Answer the corresponding questions.

Due EOC.

Warm Up

Are the business men of the Gilded age truly “Captains of Industry” or are they “Robber Barons”? Explain/Justify why.2-3 sentences

Activity

Primary Source Analysis

Within your group, analyze the documents.Fill out the corresponding sheets.

Review of Primary Sources

Mullin

Exit Slip

Read innovation and industry cards and plot the data.Time: 15 minutes.

Warm Up

Labor definitions and phrase analysisDue EOC.

The Growth of the Cities

Cities became centers of American industry

New YorkBostonDetroitChicagoSt. LouisKansas City

America boasted some of the largest cities in the worldCities became cultural centers.

UrbanizationCities were overcrowdedPeople lived in slumsTenement houses were overcrowded

Unsanitary living conditionsDisease rampant

Crime rampantPolitical bosses controlled city politicsCity governments were corrupt and mismanagedCities were dirty, filthy and trash-infested

Photographs by Jacob Riis, a Danish immigrant who became a reformer through journalism & photojournalism

Social Darwinism

Philosophy stated that only the strongest and the fittest would survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die. 

Entrepreneur vs. Philanthropist

Entrepreneur: a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.

Philanthropist: a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.

Patents vs. Monopolies

Patent: set of exclusive rights granted by the gov to an inventor for a limited period of time in exchange for a the production of that good.

Monopolies: the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service

2 paragraph essay and labor terms

Use source analysis packet.Citing at least 4 of the sources, answer the following question in 2 paragraphs:“What factors helped promote America’s huge industrial growth during the period from 1860 to 1900?”Due EOC.

Complete the labor union definitions and questions.

Vocabulary

Key Content Terms: laissez-faire, social Darwinism, Sherman Antitrust Act, capitalism.

Social Studies Terms: capital, patents, monopoly, trust, entrepreneur, philanthropist

The Rise of Industry

Mullin

Bessemer Process

The first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel.Named after its inventor.

Horizontal Integration vs. Vertical Integration

Horizontal Integration: The combining of many firms engaged in the same type of business into one large corporation

Vertical Integration: A single company owns and controls the entire process from raw materials to the manufacture and sale of the finished product

Laissez-faire

A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

Sherman Antitrust Act

First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting

A Trust is an entity created to hold assets for the benefit of certain persons or entities, with a trustee managing the trust (and often holding title on behalf of the trust).

Capitalism vs. Capital

Capitalism: an economic system in which individuals and corporations, not the government, own production and profit. Strict noninterference of the government in business affairs. 

Capital: buildings, machinery, tools, and other goods that create products or services for the people.

Activity

Complete Industrial Revolution fill in the blank.Complete political cartoon analysis.

Due EOC

Warm Up

Use the following words in five sentences.

capital, patents, monopoly, trust, and entrepreneur.

New Growth

Mullin

Settlement of the West

Railroad building connects farmers in West with Eastern marketsLand availability on the Great Plains for farmingCattle ranching and mining industries thrive in the WestGrowth of Western cities.Golden Age of the Cowboy

Homestead Act

A special act of Congress (1862) that made public lands in the West available to settlers without payment, usually in lots of 160 acres, to be used as farms.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxaJY8UZxn4

Dawes Act

Adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship.

“Move On!”

Has the native American no rights that the naturalized American is bound to respect?

Conquering the Western Frontier

Seizing lands from Native Americans; Forcing Indians onto reservations; Indian WarsRailroad scheme to possess the best available lands; Railroads take advantage of farmers & set high shipping rates.

Conquering the Western Frontier.

Farmers took large acreages of land to produce enough crop to make a profit; Lands of Great Plains difficult to farm; farmers interests not addressed by the government.Conflict between farmers and ranchers over land use.Lawlessness throughout. Cattle & Mining boom towns

Activity

Read and analyze the two primary sources about the Dawes Act.Answer the corresponding questions.

Answer the discussion questions in complete sentences.Due EOC.

Activity

Read and answer the Homestead Steel Crisis.Answer your role as a union leader.

Then in two paragraphs, research why Walmart is anti-union. Do you think this is good or bad? Explain why.

Warm Up

Define tenement houses? What is the equivalent of modern day tenement houses present today?

What is the populism?What is the Pullman Strike?Who is Eugene Debs?

Conclusion of the Gilded Age

Mullin

Politics in the Gilded AgeAge of Republican presidents

One Democrat, twice removed. Grover Cleveland.

Political promise for African AmericansFarmers seeking a voice in the political system

National Grange & Populists

Government aid to railroad and industrial growthKey issues were monetary system, the tariff and civil service reform.

The “forgettable” presidents & political corruption

Ineffective presidential leadershipPolitical corruption and scandals

Era of Good Stealings

Government ties to big business

No regulation of business practicesKickbacks to political officials

Failure to secure goals of reconstructionTreatment of Native AmericansFarm protest from South and West fail to uniteEmergence and end of Populism

Impact of the Gilded Age on United States History

Prepared the United States for its future as

an imperial power.

Settlement of the West and the closing of the frontier, turned the attention of the nation to

newer frontiers- overseas territories.

Influx of new immigrants added new ingredients into

American culture.

The descendants of these new immigrants would be future leaders and major personalities in the United States.

The growth of American industry would help make the United States

a global industrial power and further the engine of economic

progress of the 20th century.

The corrupt business and political practices of the era

called for reform.

The discrimination against African

Americans, Native

Americans, new immigrants, and women lead to a greater call for

civil rights

protections.

The Gilded Age set the stage for the Emergence of

Modern America.

The Gilded Age laid the foundation for the United States of the 20th Century, a SUPERPOWER!

PS Analysis

Read the PS about the Pullman Strike. Answer the corresponding questions.

Reflect how the strike is itself a reflection of the untamed beast of big businesses of the Gilded Age.Prepare to present.Due EOC.

Activity and Essay

List the pros and cons of the Gilded Age.Essay: Was the development of the Gilded Age good for the United States? Explain why/why not.5 PARAGRAPHS.GIVE SPECIFIC EVIDENCEUse your notes.

Today

The test is THIS WEDNESDAY and that it will cover both Reconstruction and the Gilded Age.

Test will consist of multiple choice, matching, and short answer.

For short answers, you must be thoughtful and specific. Include at least TWO facts/evidence to support your answers.

Students are to define terms and answer at least 2 essay questions by the end of class.