Vocabulary Skill

Lecture One

Tasks Today

Confusing Words

Word-memorizing Methods

1. adopt, adapt, adjust

2. arise, arouse, rise, raise

3. effective, efficient, sufficient

4. economic, economical

5. considerable, considerate, considering

6. ashamed, shameful, shameless

7. intensive, extensive, intense

8. successful, successive

9. like, alike, likely

10.attain, maintain, sustain, retain, contain

11.affect, effect, perfect, infect

12.progress, proceed, precede, proceeding, preceding

13.transport, transmit, transform, transplant

14.explore, exploit, explode

15.continual, continuous, constant, consistent

16.density, intensity, popularity, prosperity

17.dismissal, disposal, survival

1. adopt, adapt, adjust

2. arise, rise, arouse, raise

3. effective, efficient, sufficient

形近异义词accustom oneself to…

vi. vt.

effect efficiency

4. economic, economical

5. considerable, considerate, considering

6. ashamed, shameful, shameless

7. intensive, extensive, intense

8. successful, successive

9. like, alike, likely

同源词economy

considershame

tense

success

like

10.attain, maintain, sustain, retain, contain

11.affect, effect, perfect, infect

12.progress, proceed, precede, proceeding, preceding

同根词tain, ten 包括，拿

fect, fac, fic, fact 做

ceed, cede, cess 行，移动

13.transport, transmit, transform, transplant

14.explore, exploit, explode

15.continual, continuous, constant, consistent

16.density, intensity, popularity, prosperity

17.dismissal, disposal, survival

同缀词re-, com-, con-, pre-

–ly, -al, -tive, -sive, -a(i)ble

poseposition

composecompositiondecompose

decomposableindecomposable

indecomposabilitychemically-composed

be composed of

词根词缀记忆法

分类归纳记忆法1. 同族归类

plus minus times by

add subtract multiply divide by

addition subtraction multiplication division

addition

2. 相关归类lambvenisonvealsteakbeefchickenmuttonpork

animal

calfcowoxdeerchickenpigsheeplamb

3. 同反义归类反义归类 : object

agree

approve

favor

accept

consent

endorse

stand by

be for

逻辑联想记忆法1. 词义联想记忆 cocky

2. 音近形似联想 aboard—abroad—board—broad

3. 谐音联想 chaos, sting

4. 新旧单词对照联想 hatch: catch, match, watch

fire: hire, tire, entire, retire, wire

Thank you !

考查重点 语义关系 搭配关系 逻辑关系 语法关系

解题思路 运用词汇语法知识 运用篇章技巧

词汇语法填空

阅读理解、写作

2. 篇章技巧篇章主旨大意篇章逻辑关系词汇同现复现篇章类型结构

一切细节为主题服务

1. 词汇语法近义、形近词辨析固定的词组短语特定的句子结构主谓、动宾、偏正搭配

词汇辨析固定搭配

语法知识 虚拟语气复合句（定语、状语从句）

2. 篇章技巧篇章主旨大意篇章逻辑关系词汇同现复现篇章类型结构

比较对照型程序型段落时间型段落

篇章主旨大意篇章逻辑关系词汇同现复现篇章类型结构

逻辑转承词上下文语义

2. 篇章技巧

同现

复现

语义场修饰因果原词同近反义词同源词上下义词

篇章主旨大意篇章逻辑关系词汇同现复现篇章类型结构

2. 篇章技巧

2. 篇章技巧篇章主旨大意篇章逻辑关系词汇同现复现篇章类型结构

把握文章的内容确定逻辑转承语寻找同复现信息

答题步骤通读全文，抓住主题。寻找线索，初选答案。回头补缺，核实选择

同现复现，词汇辨析固定搭配，不可忘记瞻前顾后，注意逻辑巧用语法，正确答题

作业1.p.38 － 41 易混词 I, II, III2.完形填空课后练习3.同根、同源、同缀单词的分类4.自学 p.5-6 的 73 组近义词5.24 组近义词造句或者组搭配

The most effective way: learning vocabulary in context

One of the most challenging and beneficial aspects of vocabulary acquisition is using context in order to clarify the meaning of a word or phrase. But how to obtain the meanings of unknown words through recognizing and applying context clues. Here four types of context clues will be introduced:

1) Definition/Explanation Clues Sometimes a word's or phrase's meaning is explained immediately following its use. 

Example 1:

“Etymology, which is the study of the origin of words, finds many teachers taking the bull by its horns ( 不畏艰难） when unraveling the mysteries of vocabulary studies."

2)Restatement/Synonym Clues Sometimes a challenging word or phrase is clarified in simpler language. Example 2: "Lou felt as though she had been sent to the doghouse when Louisa admonished her for fighting at school.“ Because the phrase "being sent to the doghouse" means being punished, admonish could mean to disapprove or to scold.

3)Contrast/Antonym Clues Sometimes a word or phrase is clarified by the presentation of the opposite meaning somewhere close to its use. Look for signal words when applying context clues.

Example 3: "Lou thought that her mother's recovery was futile, but Oz remained faithful to the course of his mother's restored health.“

The signal word but tells the reader that an opposite, contrasting thought is occurring. Consequently, futile must mean the opposite of remaining faithful to the course; therefore, it must mean giving up.

4 ） Inference/General Context Clues Sometimes a word or phrase is not immediately clarified within the same sentence. The reader must look for clues within, before, and after the sentence in which the word is used. Example 4: "Dementia almost overcame Lou when she stepped off the train at Rainwater Ridge and felt crazy as she realized how different her new life would be.” Dementia can be defined as being insane because the phrase "crazy " indicates insanity. Therefore, words in context are more vivid and specific. Learning how to guess words you don't know is an important skill. Nobody wants to look every word up in a dictionary! If you learn how to guess the unfamiliar words in sentences, then you won't have to read with your dictionary open all the time and it will be easier for you to remember some frequently-used words.

Example 1 The snake slithered through the grass. He was hunting. What does appease probably mean? A) stopped moving (X) 'Through' means there is some movement. B) slept in the grass (X) The sentence above says he is hunting. Snakes don't sleep

when they hunt. C) ate something (×) The sentence above says he is hunting. Snakes don't eat when

they are hunting. They eat AFTER they hunt. D) moved or traveled (√) 'Through' means that there is movement.

Example 2 I'm really hungry! That apple didn't appease my hunger. I want a sandwich

now. What does appease probably mean? A) frustrate B) increase C) satisfy

D) confuse

Example 3 The thought of eating a rat is abhorrent to most people. What does

abhorrent probably mean? A) fun, lively B) horrible

C) delicious, tasty D) sweet, sugary

√

√

Example 4 Petra has so many friends because she is a gregarious person. What does gregarious probably mean? A) introverted, self-contained B) shy, quiet C) friendly, outgoing

D) rude, hostile Example 5 The lovely egret is in danger of extinction because clothing

manufacturers use their long, beautiful tail feathers to make ladies' hats. What is an egret? A) a small childB) a type of food C) a sound a tiger makes D) a type of bird

Example 6 I can't believe it! Right in the middle of our conversation, Peter

turned around abruptly and walked out of the room! What does abruptly probably mean? A) formallyB) slowly, in no hurry C) suddenly, without noticeD) quietly, in an unusual manner

√

√

√

Example 7 After the harvest, we had an abundant amount of apples. We

made apple pie, apple sauce, and apple juice because we had so many apples! What does abundant probably mean? A) a shortageB) not enough C) very redD) plentiful

Example 8 When Sara was sick, her voice was almost inaudible. We

couldn't hear what she was trying to say clearly. What does inaudible probably mean? A) very loud, easy to hearB) very soft, hard to hear C) very strange, uncommon D) very shy, introverted

Example 9 The hill was too arduous for us to climb. We had to walk our

bicycles up the hill. What does arduous probably mean? A) tall, sharpB) fun, excitingC) easy, not challenging D) difficult, steep

√

√

√

Example 10 Hurricanes and tornadoes are treacherous. Only a very foolish

person would go out during that kind of weather. What does treacherous probably mean? A) exciting B) dangerous C) delirious D) safe

Example 11 If you don't conquer your fears, they will beat you.

Using the antonym clue, the word conquer in this sentence means

A. lose B. win C. talk about D. forget

Example 12 Although Mary was willing to play in the snow, Jack was

reluctant because he was so cold.Using the antonym clue, the word reluctant in this sentence means

A. ready B. willing C. not willing D. excited√

√

√

Example 13 The cat scuttled quickly around the room without lying

down at all. In this sentence, the word scuttled meansA. ran B. walked C. sneaked D. crawled

Example 14 The smell from the refrigerator was very foul, but the

freezer smelled fresh. In this sentence, the word foul meansA. bird B. unpleasant C. free D. helpful

Example 15 He is considerate, unlike his mean sister. In this

sentence, the word considerate means A happy B fun C. nice

(√)

(√)

(√)