vocabulary review ch 32 – intro to animals. a multicellular, heterotrophic organism that lacks...
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Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview
Ch 32 – Intro to Ch 32 – Intro to AnimalsAnimals
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A multicellular, heterotrophic organism that lacks cell walls and
that is usually characterized by
movement and sexual reproduction; a member
of Kingdom Animalia
Animal
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An animal that has a backbone;
includes mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians, and fish
Vertebrate
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An animal that does not have a
backbone
Invertebrate
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The evolutionary adaptation of a
cell, organ, organism, or
population for a particular function
or environment
Specialization
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The process of taking in food
Ingestion
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The cell that results from the
fusion of gametes; a fertilized egg
Zygote
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The structural and functional
specialization of cells during an
organism’s development
Differentiation
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An animal that at some stage in its life cycle has
a dorsal nerve, a notochord, and
pharyngeal pouches; examples include
mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and
some marine lower forms
Chordate
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In the embryos of all chordates and in many
adult chordates, a firm, flexible rod of
tissue that is located in the dorsal part of
the body
Notochord
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A neural tube dorsal to the
notochord
Dorsal nerve cord
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One of the lateral sac that branch from the pharynx of chordate
embryos and that may open to the outside as gill slits in adult fishes
and invertebrate chordates
Pharyngeal pouch
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A body arrangement in which parts that lie on opposite
sides of a central line are identical
Symmetry
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A body plan in which the parts of an animal’s body are organized in a
circle around a central axis
Radial symmetry
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Lying on or near the back
Dorsal
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The lower or abdominal part of
an organism
Ventral
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The front part of a body or structure
Anterior
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In animals with bilateral
symmetry, refers to the end of the
body that is opposite the head;
rear
Posterior
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A condition in which two equal halves of a body mirror each other
Bilateral symmetry
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The concentration of nerve tissue
and sensory organs at the
anterior end of an organism
Cephalization
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One of the layers of tissue that develop in the embryos of all animals except
sponges
Germ layer
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The division of the body of an
organism into a series of similar
parts
Segmentation
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A hard, external, supporting
structure that develops from the
ectoderm
Exoskeleton
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In aquatic animals, a respiratory structure that consists of many
blood vessels surrounded by a
membrane that allows for gas exchange
Gill
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A type of circulatory system in which the
circulatory fluid is not contained entirely
within vessels; a heart pumps fluid through
vessels that empty into spaces called sinusesOpen
circulatory system
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A circulatory system in which the heart circulates blood through a network
of vessels that form a closed loop; the blood
does not leave the blood vessels, and materials
diffuse across the walls of the vessels
Closed circulatory
system
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An organism that has both male and
female reproductive
organs
Hermaphrodite
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An independent and immature form of an
organism that is morphologically
different from the adult form
Larva
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An internal skeleton made of
bone and cartilage
Endoskeleton
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One of the 33 bones in the spinal column (backbone)
Vertebra
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The outer, protective
covering of a body, a body part,
an ovule, or a sporangium
Integument
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The central organ of the respiratory system in which oxygen from the air is exchanged with carbon dioxide
from the blood
Lung
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One of the organs that filter water and wastes
from the blood, excrete products as
urine, and regulate the concentration of
certain substances in the blood
Kidney
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A compound that improves the
quality of the soil to produce plants
Fertilization
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In biological development, a
series of cell divisions that
occur immediately after an egg is
fertilizedCleavage
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The stage of an embryo before
gastrulation
Blastula
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The transformation of the blastula into
the gastrula or the formation of the embryonic germ
layersGastrulation
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The embryo in the stage of
development after the blastula; contains the
embryonic germ layers
Gastrula
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The primitive gastric cavity of an
embryo
Archenteron
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An opening that develops in the
blastula
Blastopore
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The outermost of the three germ layers of an embryo that develops into the epidermis and epidermal tissues, the
nervous system, external sense organs, and the
mucous membranes lining the mouth and anus
Ectoderm
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An animal that can generate body heat
through metabolism and can maintain a constant
body temperature despite temperature changes in
the animal’s environment
Endoderm
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In an embryo, the middle layer of cells that gives rise to muscles,
blood, and various systems
Mesoderm
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An animal that lacks a coelom, or
body cavity
Acoelomate
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The type of body cavity, derived from the
blastocoel and referred to as a “false body cavity,” that forms between the
mesoderm and the endoderm in rotifers and
roundworms
Pseudocoelom
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A body cavity that is completely lined by mesoderm and that contains the internal organs of
an animal
Coelom
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An organism whose embryonic blastopore
develops into the mouth, whose coelom arises by schizocoely, and whose embryo has determinate
cleavage
Protostome
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An organism whose embryonic blastopore develops into an anus,
whereas its mouth develops from a second opening at the opposite end of the archenteron; usually characterized by
an embryo that undergoes indeterminate,
radial cleavageDeuterostome
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The method of coelom formation in protostomes in
which the embryonic
mesoderm splits into two layers
Schizocoely
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In deuterostomes, the method of
coelom formation in which the embryonic mesoderm develops from pouches within
the archenteron
Enterocoely