vocabulary list 1. trait- a feature inherited from parents, e.g. eye color 2. chromosome- strand of...
TRANSCRIPT
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Vocabulary List
• 1. Trait- a feature inherited from parents, e.g. eye color
• 2. Chromosome- strand of DNA inherited from parents, located inside nucleus
• 3. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid
• 4. Gene- piece of DNA that codes for a trait
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DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid
1. List the phases of mitosis?
2. List the four classes of biological molecules
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Components & Structure of DNA• In Interphase __________ replicates so
that _______________ can occur.• In mitosis we discussed the _________
dividing.• Now we are going to learn about
chromosome composition. (Composition = _______________).
• Chromosomes consist of genes.• Genes: sequence of DNA that codes for a
particular _________ to be formed, which will give you your __________.
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Structure of DNA• DNA consists of nucleotides.• Nucleotides have three components:
1. Pentose sugar: deoxyribose
2. Phosphate molecule
3. Nitrogen base (molecule that contains nitrogen)• Adenine• Guanine• Cytosine • Thymine• BONDING OF BASES• A-T (2 HYDROGEN BONDS)• C-G (3 HYDROGEN BONDS)
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• DNA is a double helix (twisted ladder)
• The sides =sugar and phosphate.
• The steps = N bases
• Draw this and circle a nucleotide.
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QOD 3-15-11 Draw and State a relationship between touching words
?Gene
Chromosome
Nucleotid
e
DNA
?Transcription
Translation
Inheritance
Trait
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DNA Math
• If A always bonds to __, and C always bonds to __, then we can calculate the % of each base pair in a strand of DNA.
• e.g. If there is 16% Adenine in a strand of DNA, calculate the % of:– ____%T
– ___%G– ___%C
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DNA Math: Calculate the % of all fouor base pairs if:
• 1. G=15%
• 2. T=20%
• 3. A=10%
• 4. G=14%
• 5. C=22%
• 6. T=32%
• 7. C=28%
• 8. A=13%
• 9. T=42%
• 10. A=36%
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What are the Eight Criteria for something to be Living?
• 1. Reproduction• 2. Growth and Development• 3. Energy Use• 4. Response to Environment• 5. Homeostasis• 6. Evolution• 7. Organization• 8. Inheritable Info
• Fire, dirt, air, heart, animal, plant, sun, heart
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QUIZ TOMORROW• 1. Draw this strand of DNA.
• 2. Calculate %– A = 12%– T =– C =– G =
• 3. Fill-in-the-Blank– Feature inherited from parents– Strand of DNA– Piece of DNA that codes for a
trait– Spell DNA
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DNA Marshmallow Model• 4-5 per group• 40 nucleotides: 10A, 10C, 10G, 10T• Assemble into a double helix.
• Exit Slip: Place your model on a piece of paper with a key and your name.
• Structure=20 points• Labeling=20 points
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1-7-12
• What is a nucleotide?• What are the three components of a nucleotide?
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DNA Extraction Lab & Lab Report
• Complete the lab and begin your lab report.
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DNA & Complementary Base Pairing• Adenine and Thymine
always bond together with two hydrogen bonds.
• Cytosine and Guanine always bond together with three hydrogen bonds.
• Overall DNA is described as a double helix (twisted ladder)
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Flashback of DNA &Traits
• In Interphase DNA _______________ so that a copy can be given to each new ____________ cell.
• DNA codes for our individual _____ by coding for particular ____________.
• DNA codes for these proteins using the nucleic acid known as __ __ __.
• RNA differs from DNA in 3 ways:– Single stranded– Uracil not thymine– Ribose not deoxyribose.
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EOC Level 1
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Relate the words in the drawing below.
?Gene
ChromosomeNucleo
tide
DNA
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Vocabulary List #1: Semester 2• 1. Gene- segment of chromosome/DNA that codes for a
particular trait.
• 2. mRNA- type of RNA that copies the DNA in the
nucleus
• 3. tRNA- type of RNA that attaches amino acids and has
an anti-codon.
• 4. Transcription- process of mRNA made from the DNA
• 5. Translation- process of protein being made based off
the mRNA
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• 6. Codon- 3 base pairs on the mRNA
• 7. Anti-codon- 3 base pairs on the tRNA
• 8. Ribosome- organelle that makes proteins
• 9. Amino acid- monomer of a protein
• 10. Chromosome-strand of DNA in the nucleus
• 11. Mutation- DNA that has become changed
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Transcription Looks Like…
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DNA & RNA Working Together
• Transcription – the process that DNA strands become separated, and mRNA copies one of the strands.
• Notice mRNA is being made from DNA, and complimentary base pairing except with uracil.
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Translation
• Translation- occurs in the ribosome.– Takes the mRNA from the nucleus, tRNA from the
ribosome and makes a protein.
– PROTEINS = YOUR TRAITS
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Bell Ringer 1-13-14
Relate the
Following Terms
Gene
DNA mRNA
Transcription
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Transcription and Translation MovieT & T Movie
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1-14-14 Level 2
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mRNA tRNA Protein• mRNA is made in the ____________, and then
travels to the ______________, and attaches to a ___________ so protein formation can occur.
• Translation- term used to describe mRNA and tRNA creating a protein.
• The monomer of a protein is an ______ _____, and these are coded for by codons and anti-codons.
• A codon is a _ letter sequence on the _____strand.• Each codon matches to an _______ , and an
amino acid is linked together.• The amino acids link together to form a ____ which
gives you your ________.
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Let’s Practice
• DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation
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Expectations:
• Protein Lab Paper Due
• Test Tomorrow: Vocabulary, Math, DNA
• Extra Credit if Signed
• Today: MUTATIONS
• mRNA: G G C U A A C A G C C C
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1-21-14• 1. Where is mRNA synthesized?
• 2. How many nitrogen bases comprise a codon?
• 3. tRNA will match its ____ _____ to the _____ on the mRNA strand, and link the correct ____ acid to make the correct protein.
• 4. The process that makes mRNA is called _________, and occurs in the __________.
• 5. The process that makes proteins is called____, and occurs in the _________.
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If the mRNA codon is AUG which amino acid will it deliver?
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Mutations• When DNA is being copied during ___________,
sometimes it makes mistakes.• ______________ are changes in the genetic
material.• Two Types of Mutations:
– 1. Point Mutations– 2. Chromosomal Mutations
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Bellringer 1-27-14
• PREDICT what will happen to an individual if their mRNA goes from:
• Original mRNA: A U G C A G U C C U G A
• Mutated mRNA: A U G U A A C C U A A G
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MutationsPoint Mutations 4 types
• One nucleotide is inserted, deleted, or substituted.
• Silent- no change• Missense- one amino
acid is changed.• Nonsense- stop codon is
inserted where it shouldn’t be
• Frameshift- entire amino acid sequence changes
Chromosomal Mutations
• Deletion- entire piece of a chromosome is missing
• Duplication- two of the same gene are on the same chromosome.
• Inversion- gene is inserted upside down.
• Translocation- gene from one chromosome is put on the wrong one.
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Figure 12.19 Chromosomal Mutations (A, B)
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Point Mutations Frameshift Mutations
Kabuki’s disease 1:32,000- caused by framshift & nonsense
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Exit Slip 1-22-13: Name the processes taking place below. (there are 3)
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DNA and Criminology Reading
• Why do scientists use 13 different loci (locations) to DNA fingerprint someone?
• When the article talks about “DNA evidence” what are they referring to?
• Do you think DNA evidence is accurate enough to incarcerate or exonerate someone?
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Assignment• Read 12.1, 12.2• Answer questions on 294,296, and
299• Begin constructing a paper model
of DNA• Color Code:
– Deoxyribose= purple– Phosphate= black– Adenine= blue– Thymine= yellow– Cytosine= brown– Guanine= green
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Assignment
• In 1970 a man was accused of killing his beloved wife. All that was gathered at the crime scene was a bloody knife he was holding, and some unidentified hairs on his wife’s body. He maintains his innocence, and has contacted you a DNA expert to help exonerate him from prison.
• Can you help him?– Use your knowledge of DNA base pair sequencing.– Outline the steps you will take to help him repeal his
case.
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Early Investigation of DNA
• Scientists knew that DNA:• 1. Genes carried genetic information from
one generation to another.• 2. Genes used DNA to code for an
individual’s traits.• 3. Genes had to be easily duplicated,
since each time a cell divides (mitosis) the DNA was copied as well.
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Vocabulary Week #2• 1. codon- sequence of 3 nitrogen bases
on mRNA• 2. anti-codon- sequence of 3 nitrogen
bases on tRNA• 3. mRNA- made in the nucleus, copy of
DNA strand• 4. tRNA- located in ribosome, makes the
amino acid chain based off of mRNA
• 7. Transcription- process that a DNA strand become separated, and mRNA copies one of the DNA strands.
• 8. Translation- process of mRNA being decoded resulting in protein formation.
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DNA Terms
• DNA has a twisted ladder shape known as _________ _______
• ___ (#)bonds hold adenine to thymine
• ___ (#) bonds hold cytosine to guanine
• __________, ___________, & __________ make up a nucleotide.
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Semi-conservative Replication
• DNA replicates in the __ phase of _____________.
• DNA replicates by a process known as semi-conservative replication.
• One old and one new strand results.
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Model Semi- Conservative Replication
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• DNA RAP• DNA Replication• AP DNA Rep.
-12 minutes
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Bellringer 1-10-13: Graded Today
• 1. What is the relationship between the structure of DNA and the traits you inherit?
• Hint: Think about the nitrogen bases.
• 2. Predict the consequence of your traits if your DNA becomes damaged.
• TEST TOMORROW
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Vocab Week #3• 1. transcription- takes place in the nucleus;
mRNA synthesized from DNA
• 2. translation- takes place in ribosome; tRNA present, protein synthesized
• 3. cell- smallest unit of life
• 4. synthesis- process of making something
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• 5. nucleotide- monomer of DNA: consists of phosphate, deoxyribose, & nitrogen base
• 6. amino acid- monomer of proteins – a.a +a.a +a.a = protein
• 7. RNA- ribonucleic acid: consists of ribose, phosphate, & nitrogen base (has U not T)
• 8. mRNA vs. tRNA-
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Exit Slip 3-28-11: Name the processes taking place below. (there are 3)
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Which terms don’t belong? Justify
• Amino Acid Deoxyribose Nucleus• Protein Phosphate mRNA• Nucleotide Protein tRNA
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Christmas Graphing
• The average American will spend: $704.18Category Amount
Friends 68.23
Coworkers 21.06
Other 23.39
Cards 26.53
Candy 96.76
Flowers 18.23
Decorations 46.73
Kids 403.26