SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES

Vocabulary and

Key Question Review

Directions Click Slide Show Click From Current Slide Read these directions then click. For each slide the definition or clues to

the vocabulary word will show up Click once more AFTER you’ve read the

definition and guessed the word you think is being defined.

Key Questions at the end are from memory, no answer included. Use your book to check your answers.

gas

No definite shape No definite volume Particles move very fast and free to go

where they want

liquid

No definite shape Definite volume Can flow Particles are free to move from place to

place

solid

Definite shape Definite volume Particles are in a fixed position and

packed close together.

Crystalline solid

Particles are arranged in a regular, repeated pattern

Has a specific, or distinct, melting point

Amorphous solid

Particles not arranged in a repeated pattern

Does not have a specific, or distinct, melting point

Glass and rubber are examples of this type of solid

Surface tension

The liquid molecules have an inward pull or force that brings them closer together on the surface

fluid

This is another name for a liquid “substance that flows”

pressure

The force of a gas’s outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container

Measured in Newton’s/meter squared …N/m2

Measured in Pascals, Pa 1 N/m2 = 1 Pa

viscosity

A liquid’s resistance to flowing

melting

Change in state from a solid to a liquid The solid is gaining thermal energy

Melting point

The temperature when melting occurs Specific for different substances Table salt is solid at room temperature

but mercury is not because each have a different ___________ _____________.

freezing

The change from a liquid to a solid The particles are losing thermal energy

vaporization

The change in state from a liquid to a gas Evaporation and boiling are two

examples of vaporization

evaporation

when vaporization takes place only on the surface of a liquid

boiling

When vaporization takes place both below and at the surface level of a liquid

Hint: You do this to water to cook pasta

Boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid boils

Condensation

The change in state from a gas to a liquid You can see this process happen on your

mirror after a shower or the dew on the grass in the morning

Sublimation

Occurs when the particles on the surface of a solid gain enough energy to form a gas.

Skips the liquid state Examples: solid air freshener, dry ice

Charles’s Law

This principle states that when the temperature of a gas at constant pressure is increased, its volume increases. The same principle is applied to if the temperature is decreased, the volume is decreased.

Example: Temperature

Pressure same

Volume

Directly proportional

When a graph of two variables form a straight line.

When the temperature and volume both increase

Charles’s Law demonstrates this

Boyle’s Law

This principle states that when the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is increased, its volume decreases. The same principle is applied to if the pressure is decreased, the volume is increased.

Example: Temperature same

Pressure

Volume

Inversely proportional

When two variables do the opposite thing Boyle’s Law demonstrates thisExample: If the pressure increases, the volume decreases

Key QuestionsClick through to see all questions.

Use your textbook to check your answer after trying to answer from memory.

How do you describe a solid? How do you describe a liquid? How do you describe a gas? What happens to the particles of a solid as it melts? What happens to the particles of a liquid as it

vaporizes? What happens to the particles of a solid as it sublimes? How are the pressure and temperature of a gas

related? How are volume and temperature of a gas related? How are pressure and volume of a gas related? *Bonus*: Show someone you know this video. Now describe to him/her what change of state is happening inside the water heater. Describe to him/her how the temperature, volume, and pressure are related to cause the outcome.