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Software-Defined Data Center

Module 2

2-2


VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Course Introduction


Creating Virtual Machines

VMware vCenter Server

Configuring and Managing Virtual Networks

Configuring and Managing Virtual Storage

Virtual Machine Management

Access and Authentication Control

Resource Management and Monitoring

High Availability and Fault Tolerance

Host Scalability

Patch Management

Installing vSphere Components

You Are Here

2-3



VMware vSphere® software suite is based on many components with

which a vSphere administrator should be familiar. You must

understand the following vSphere concepts and best practices:

The basic concept of virtualization, VMware ESXi™, and the virtual

machine

The fundamental vSphere components and how vSphere can be

used in your software-defined data center

How the VMware vSphere® Client™ and VMware vSphere® Web

Client are used to administrate and manage vSphere

environments

Importance

2-4



Lesson 1: Introduction to the Software-Defined Data Center

Lesson 2: vSphere Client

Lesson 3: Overview of ESXi

Module Lessons

2-5



Lesson 1:

Introduction to the Software-Defined Data

Center

2-6



By the end of this lesson, you should be able to meet the following

objectives:

Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures

Describe the benefits of using virtual machines

Describe how vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and disks

Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud and the software-defined data center

Learner Objectives

2-7



Data Center Physical Infrastructure

Fibre Channel

Storage

Fibre

Channel Ethernet

NFS

Storage

iSCSI

Storage Network

Applications

Operating System

Physical Host

2-8



Introducing the Virtual Infrastructure

Hypervisor

ESXi Host

Fibre

Channel

Fibre Channel

Storage

Ethernet

NFS

Storage

iSCSI

Storage

Network

Virtual

Machines

2-9



Physical and Virtual Architecture

virtual architecture

x64 architecture

vSphere

physical architecture

x64 architecture

operating system

application

2-10




vSphere and the Software-Defined Data Center

vSphere

Pooled Storage

Pooled Computing

Pooled Networking and Security

Automation

Virtual Data Center 2

Data Center Services

Virtual Data Center 1

Data Center Services

2-11



Reasons to Use Virtual Machines

Easy to relocate:

Encapsulated into files

Independent of physical hardware

Easy to manage:

Isolated from other virtual machines

Insulated from hardware changes

Provides the ability to support

legacy applications

Allows servers to be consolidated

Virtual machine Physical machine

Difficult to relocate:

Moves require downtime

Specific to physical hardware

Difficult to manage:

Requires physical maintenance

Hardware failures cause downtime

Hardware has limitations:

Hardware changes limit application

support

Servers are physically individual

2-12



Resource Sharing

vSphere

x64

architecture

2-13



x64 architecture

operating system

application

CPU Virtualization


x64 architecture

vSphere


2-14



Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage

physical architecture virtual architecture

x64 architecture

operating system

x64 architecture

vSphere

application

1GB 2GB 8GB

2-15



Physical and Virtual Networking


vSphere


x64 architecture

operating system

application

virtual switch

x64 architecture

2-16



Physical File Systems and vSphere VMFS

physical architecture virtual architecture

x64 architecture

operating system

application

x64 architecture

vSphere

x64 architecture

vSphere

NTFS, ext3, UFS VMFS

2-17



Encapsulation

VM 1

VM 2

VM 3

Datastore (VMware

vSphere® VMFS or NFS)

2-18



VMFS

Linux/UNIX

Windows

File-System Layouts

C: D: E:

/

usr etc opt

/

vmfs

Local

VM 1

VM 2

VM 3

VM 4

SAN

volumes

2-19



hybrid

cloud

Installing vSphere creates a

virtual infrastructure.

Your virtual machines

run in this virtual

infrastructure.

VMware® vCloud Director®

enables you to create a

cloud.

Third-party providers can

host public or private

clouds.

VMware® clouds empower

you to run your virtual

machines in a private,

public, or hybrid cloud to fit

your business needs.

How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing

private

cloud

public

cloud

2-20



Individual departments or internal corporate organizations (divisions) are able

to deploy and manage IT infrastructure through virtual systems as needed.

IT capabilities are provided as a service, over an intranet, in the enterprise, and

behind the firewall.

About Private Clouds

Gizmo

division

Widget

division

Human

Resources

Sales

enterprise private cloud

Internet Advantages

Self-service provisioning

Elasticity of resources

Rapid and simplified provisioning

Secured multitenancy

Improved use of IT resources

Better control of IT budgets

2-21



Advantages

A cloud service provider hosts general IT operations for multiple businesses.

IT resources are provided as a service over the Internet.

A public cloud is similar to a utility or an Internet service provider.

About Public Clouds

company

A

company

B

cloud service provider

company

C

Public clouds have all of the advantages of a private cloud:

• Customer management of IT

• Rapid and flexible deployments

• Efficient and cost-effective deployments

• Secure IT assets

Customer companies no longer have IT as an ongoing overhead expense.

2-22



Some cloud-based assets are accessible internally over an intranet.

Some cloud-based assets are accessible externally over the Internet.

Companies first move applications and data to their private cloud.

Companies can reap additional cost savings by moving to an externally accessible cloud.

Applications are transitioned by using software that meets open standards.

About Hybrid Clouds

App

Loads App

Loads

App

Loads

Hybrid

Cloud

Private

Clouds

Public

Clouds

Bridge Management Management

vSphere vSphere

2-23



VMware Complete Cloud Infrastructure & Management Suite

Management and Automation

Network / Security

Compute

vCloud Automation Center

vCenter Operations Management Suite

IT Business Management Suite

NSX

vCloud Networking and Security

Storage / Availability

Virtual SAN

vCenter Site Recovery Manager

vCenter Server and vCloud Director

vSphere

2-24



You should be able to meet the following objectives:

Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures

Describe the benefits of using virtual machines

Describe how vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and disks

Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud and the software-defined data center

Review of Learner Objectives

2-25



Lesson 2:

vSphere Client

2-26




objectives:

Identify the user interfaces used with ESXi and VMware® vCenter™

Download and install the vSphere Client

Describe the navigation panes in the vSphere Client

Learner Objectives

2-27



User Interfaces

vSphere Client

vSphere Web Client

ESXi

host

your

desktop

vCenter

Server

2-28



vSphere Client is an

interface that you use to

connect remotely to

VMware® vCenter Server™

or an ESXi host from a

Windows system.

To download the vSphere

Client:

Use the VMware vCenter Server Installer.

Download the client from the vCenter Server system or an ESXi host.

• Internet access is required.

Downloading vSphere Client

Download the

vSphere Client to a

supported Windows

system.

Point to the vCenter

Server or ESXi host.

2-29



In the vSphere Client login

window, enter the following:

Host name or IP address of

ESXi host or vCenter Server

User name

Password for that user

(Optional) Use your Windows

session credentials.

Using vSphere Client

2-30



vSphere Client: Configuration Tab

2-31



Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration

2-32



Use vSphere Client to view logs.

Viewing ESXi System Logs

Export system

logs to an archive

file:

Send to VMware support.

2-33



Viewing Licensed Features

XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX

2-34



Install student desktop components

1. Access Your Student Desktop System

2. Install the vSphere Client

Lab 1: Installing VMware vSphere GUIs

2-35




Identify the user interfaces used with ESXi and VMware® vCenter™

Download and install the vSphere Client

Describe the navigation panes in the vSphere Client


2-36



Lesson 3:

Overview of ESXi

2-37




objectives:

Describe ESXi architecture

Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host

View ESXi settings:

• Processor and memory configuration

• Licensing

• NTP client

• DNS and routing

• Security profile

Identify user account best practices

Learner Objectives

2-38



ESXi has the following availability and features:

Available for purchase with vSphere 5.5 or as a a free version that can be downloaded

High security

• Memory hardening

• Kernel module integrity

• Trusted platform module

Small disk footprint

Installable on hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, or diskless hosts

ESXi

2-39



Physical and Virtual Architecture

VMware hypervisor –

VMkernel

VMM VMM VMM VMM VMM

Web Client

vCenter Server

vSphere Client

vCLI

(scripting)

vSphere API/DSK CIM

(hardware mgmt)

2-40



The direct console user interface (DCUI) is similar to the BIOS of a

computer with a keyboard-only user interface.

Configuring ESXi

2-41



The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following:

Set a root password (complex passwords only).

Enable or disable lockdown mode:

• Limits host management to vCenter Server and user root access to DCUI only

Configuring ESXi: root Access

2-42



The DCUI allows you to modify network settings:

Host name

IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway)

DNS servers

Configuring ESXi: Management Network

2-43



The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following:

Configure keyboard layout.

View support information.

View system logs.

Enable troubleshooting services, when required.

Configuring ESXi: Other Settings

2-44



Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a

client-server protocol used to

synchronize a computer’s clock to a

time reference.

NTP is important:

For accurate performance graphs

For accurate time stamps in log messages

So that virtual machines have a source to synchronize with

An ESXi host can be configured as an NTP client.

It can synchronize time with an NTP server on the Internet or your corporate NTP server.

ESXi as an NTP Client

NTP

server

NTP

client

NTP

server

NTP

server

ESXi host

NTP client uses

UDP over port 123

to communicate

with NTP server.

2-45



The DNS and Routing link enables you to apply these settings:

Host name and domain

DNS server addresses and search domains

Default VMkernel gateway

Network Settings: DNS and Routing

2-46



On ESXi hosts:

Remote clients are prevented from accessing services on the host.

Local clients are prevented from accessing services on remote hosts.

Unless configured otherwise, daemons will start and stop with the ESXi host:

• For example, DCUI or NTP server

Remote Access Settings: Security Profile

2-47



You should implement the following user account best practices:

Strictly control root privileges to the ESXi host.

Use the vSphere Client to manage the ESXi host.

Ideally, use vCenter Server – and thus vCenter Server user accounts – to manage hosts.

ESXi User Account Best Practices

2-48



Configure an ESXi host

1. Connect to an ESXi Host with the vSphere Client

2. View the Host Hardware Configuration

3. Configure the DNS and Routing Information for an ESXi Host

4. Configure an ESXi Host as an NTP Client

5. Configure an ESXi Host to Use the Directory Services

Lab 2: Configuring VMware ESXi

2-49




Describe ESXi architecture

Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host

View ESXi settings:

• Processor and memory configuration

• Licensing

• NTP client

• DNS and routing

• Security profile

Identify user account best practices


2-50



Using virtual machines solves many data center problems.

Virtual machines are hardware independent.

Virtual machines share the physical resources of the ESXi host on which they reside.

A virtual machine is a set of files that are easy to transfer and back up.

Virtual machine files are encapsulated into a folder and placed on a datastore.

ESXi runs directly on the host.

vSphere abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and networking for virtual machine use.

Questions?

Key Points

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