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vMonitor Success Stories
06.indd 1 05/04/2011 4:33:11 PM
Technology Innovations & Industry Firsts
> vMonitor delivered the first
successful wireless remote ESP
well monitoring system in the
Middle East using GPRS technology,
the first system in ADCO delivering
data from ESP well to desktop.
> For Shell Gabon vMonitor made the
Radio transmission possible using
low power modules transmitting
over dense vegetation (25Mts trees)
for up to 6 miles. Antenna Tower
height was just 6 Mts to achieve
communication.
> To Shell Nigeria vMonitor delivered
a battery-powered long-range micro-
wireless sensor with a range of
over 5Km, which was a first in the
industry.
vMonitor delivered the first wireless sensor system ever installed in ADMA-OPCO. This is the first wireless SCADA system in ADMA capable of capturing data for wells over 20 Km in distance
> vMonitor delivered the first
functioning wireless battery
operated SCADA system in
Chevron Nigeria’s history.
> vMonitor delivered the first battery
powered flow meters in the industry
(Client: Chevron Nigeria).
> vMonitor delivered the first battery-
powered pipeline leak detection
system in the industry. (Client:
ExxonMobil Nigeria - Offshore
Operations)
> vMonitor delivered the first wireless
sensors in the industry capable of
output for valve control. vMonitor
managed to overcome serious
technical and logistic challanges (the
pipeline stations were scattered
throughout a very large area and
inside private properties) and
delivered the complete system in
less than 2 months. (Client: Pemex
Mexico).
vMonitor Success Stories
06.indd 2 05/04/2011 4:33:12 PM
Value Delivered to Clients
> Reduced well visits in some cases
by more than 90%
> Lowered automation systems cost
by more than 40%
> Reduced regular maintenance OPEX
by at least 25%
> Reduced production deferments by
3-5% annually
> Significantly reduced HSE risks due
to pipeline leakage
> Increased pipeline security and
environmental safety
> Theft prevention
> Increased data bandwidth by more
than ten folds
> Lowered operating cost by more
than 30%
> Real Time Well Diagnostics
> Improved Gas Lift optimization
> Petroleum Development Company of Oman (PDO), Oman
> Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Company (ADMA-OPCO), U.A.E.
> Zakum Development Company (ZADCO), U.A.E.
> Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Operations (ADCO), U.A.E.
> Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco), K.S.A.
> Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), Kuwait
> Shell Venezuela SA, Venezuela
> Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA)
> Petronas Carigali, Malaysia
> Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), Nigeria
> Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), Mexico
> Chevron Nigeria Limited, Nigeria
> Shell Gabon SA, Gabon
> Shell United States, U.S.A.
> Brunei Shell Petroleum Co (BSP), Brunei
> Sonatrach Petroleum Corporation BVI (SPC), Algeria
> Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), India
> Schlumberger
> Halliburton
> Baker Hughes
> Centragas
vMonitor Worldwide Customer Base - 59 Clients, 14 countries
06.indd 3 05/04/2011 4:33:12 PM
PDO has more than 2500 wells
operating in some the most challenging
production environments in the world.
Most wells are artificially lifted with very
high water cut. PDO’s production has
been gradually decreasing in the past
decade. New generation of automation
technology was needed to increase
production, reduce automation systems
cost and reduce operating cost. The
Oman Government imposed fees on all
licensed radio communication resulting
in millions of dollars of annual fees for
UHF radio communication network.
Only unlicensed radios operating at
less than 100 mW power were not
subject to this fee. PDO also wanted to
have ONE standard wireless Remote
Terminal Unit (RTU) to be installed on
most of its wells.
Project Scope: vMonitor delivered wireless RTUs and end-to-end Systems for all wells and pipeline facilities. The applications include:
> Water injection wells
> Gas lift wells
> Electrical Submersible Pumped (ESP) wells
> Progressive Cavity Pumps (PCP) wells
> Pipeline Block Valve Control Stations
> Gas Producer Wells
The project involved design of cluster wireless architecture with remote gateways, whereby multiple wells can communicate
to a single Gateway using low-power 2.4 GHz RTUs under 100 mW. The Gateways in turn communicate back to the central
stations using long-range wireless Ethernet radios.
Technology Innovation> A wireless RTU is designed to serve a majority of well applications.
> The most advanced cluster architecture in the industry with combination of short and long hop communication.
> Full capabilities for remote configuration of all equipment at well site.
Value Delivered: > Lowered automation systems cost by more than 40%
> Increased data bandwidth by more than ten folds.
> Lowered operating cost by more than 30%.
Client: Petroleum Development Company of Oman (PDO)
Client Challenges:
vMonitor Success Stories
06.indd 4 05/04/2011 4:33:13 PM
Technology Innovation: > A battery-powered long-range micro-wireless sensor with a
range of over 5Km, which is a first in the industry.
> Data from well to web is delivered over the SPDC Intranet and integrated with SPDC’s current IT system and Data Historian.
Value Delivered: > Reduced production deferment by 3-5% annually.
> Reduced operating cost of maintenance and well visits by 50%.
Client: Shell Nigeria(SPDC)
Client Challenges:Estimates were that SPDC was losing
more than 4-5% of its production
annually due to deferment caused by
well shutdown problems. None of the
wells were monitored. As a result,
when the wells shut down, there were
no means of predicting the problem
or even identifying and isolating the
wells that failed. Nigeria has one
the most challenging environments
for automation technology. The two
biggest problems that all operators
face in Nigeria are theft and vandalism.
Most, if not all, well automation surface
equipments require solar power, which
gets stolen and renders the equipment
useless. SPDC had tried a variety of
technologies for a number of years
without any success. The clear solution
required small low power (battery-
powered) wireless well monitoring
equipment.
Project Scope: vMonitor delivered full service to the Client by providing system design, installation, civil work and commissioning.
06.indd 5 05/04/2011 4:33:13 PM
Client: Shell Venezuela SA, Venezuela (SVSA)
Client Challenges:
Project Scope: vMonitor delivered complete SCADA system for Wells,
including Software, Hardware, Radio Architecture and
connectivity OPC to existent DCS System.
Among the applications we can highlight:
> Gas Lift Remote Control and Monitoring
> Down Hole Gauges Monitoring
> Electrical Submersible Pumped (ESP) Control
> Battery Operated RTU
> PLC Remote Control and Monitoring
> DCS and PI OPC Connectivity
The project involved the design of cluster wireless
architecture with remote gateways in order to gather data
from battery operated wells, as well as radio equipped
panels systems for Gas Lift control and PLC monitoring.
vMonitor has been offering SCADA System upgrades
every year as part of the support program to SVSA,
introducing new system features and innovation with
every version.
During the project execution vMonitor opened an office
locally to handle Latin American Systems and nearby
application with a response time to SVSA of 24 hours.
Shell Venezuela, at the time of the
project was operating at the South
Western side of Maracaibo Lake
and had one of the most important
concessions offered by PDVSA to
foreign companies. Having to deal
with the marginal low producers oil
fields, SVSA ran optimization software
for continual improvement of the
production. Reliable Battery operated
vMonitor solution was implemented
at the oil well facilities to ensure data
was sent to the SCADA system every
5 minutes. Safety concerns and control
needs to optimize Gas Lift Manifolds,
led to the application of remote control
using vMonitor’s SCADA system,
TotalAccess. At this time, all Gas
Lift Wells are controlled remotely by
the SCADA system using vMonitor
Telemetry system.
Technology Innovation: > A battery operated wireless J/O unit with
3 sensor connections that have very low power consumption and up to 2 years of continuous operation of the battery when the RTU is set to transmit every 5 minutes.
> Intranet based SCADA system as a Door opened to the wells and flexible connectivity to third party systems. including Shell proprietary Fieldware and Production Universe Software Solution.
> Remote control Valves with max. operation at latency of 2 seconds for 25 km links
Value Delivered: > Reduction of operating cost by more
than 20%. location, saving cost on transportation boats.
> Reduction of Operator intervention in Gas Valve location, saving cost on transportation boats.
> Production increase due to Optimization Data has been calculated at 15% of gross production.
vMonitor Success Stories
06.indd 6 05/04/2011 4:33:14 PM
Client: Shell Gabon (Gamba Field)
Client Challenges:
Project Scope: Remote Automation for 40 Gas lift wells, 2 ESP pumps and 3 Gas measurements using non-intrusive gas meters connected to
vMonitor’s hardware. Monitoring Process and diagnostic data on SCADA and interface to PI management system.
Project Execution:vMonitor delivered full service to the client by providing system design, installation, civil
work and commissioning. vMonitor executed the project under Shell supervision with no interruption in production while all
their wells were producing.
vMonitor executed the installation of equipment using a crew of 5 people including the supervisor. One single Gateway was
used to gather all data, using one repeater in the field for farther wells.
Gamba Field was one of the first Oil
fields to be explored in Gabon and
has been producing for more than
30 years. Fading of this reservoir has
been increasing in the past 10 years;
therefore, Shell Gabon was looking
for a way to control natural production
downgrade by monitoring integrity of
the wells. Ninety percent of the field
is Gas Lift Injection with compressors
and pipes running up to 15 km long.
Gas Lift Injection efficiency has been
a struggling part of operations with
downtime of compressors occurring
often. vMonitor implemented a
monitoring system to measure Gas
Lift Flow at the wells site and at 3
major branches of the transportation
pipes, making it possible for Shell to
understand their gas consumption
around the field. TOTALACCESS
SCADA Application was installed to
make all remote data available in PI.
Technology Innovation: > Radio transmission was possible using low power modules transmitting over dense
vegetation (25Mts trees) for up to 6 miles. Remote Antenna Tower height was just 6 Mts to achieve efficient communication.
> Automated data visibility from well to PI, going through TOTALACCESS SCADA System in the client network.
Value Delivered: > Reduced production deferrment by 3-5% annually.
> Reduced non-supervised shut down of wells.
> Improved Gas Lift Optimization
06.indd 7 05/04/2011 4:33:15 PM
ADCO had set aggressive production
increase goals of more than 40% over
the next five years. The production
increase would come as a result
of two major initiatives: new fields
development and increasing production
from existing fields. In order to increase
production from existing fields, ADCO
had launched a major initiative called
I-Field (Intelligent Field). Remote
well monitoring and control are key
requirements for ADCO in the I-Field
initiative, especially for wells with
Electrical Submersible Pumps. ADCO
tried to use Satellite based remote
monitoring systems for ESP wells, but
with limited success, so they turned
to vMonitor to deliver a more reliable
wireless remote operations solution.
Client: Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO)
Client Challenges:
Project Scope:vMonitor provided an end-to-end integrated wireless remote monitoring and control system for ESP wells, including hardware
and software in the office to monitor all parameters of the ESP pumps, generate daily reports, diagnostics and alarms. vMonitor
delivered the first successful wireless remote monitoring system for ADCO. The system is delivering daily reliable data on the
ESP wells.
Technology Innovation: vMonitor delivered the first successful wireless remote well monitoring system in the Middle East using GPRS technology, the first system in ADCO from well to desktop.
Value delivered:> Potential to increase production by more than 5%.
> Reduced well visits by more than 50%.
vMonitor Success Stories
06.indd 8 05/04/2011 4:33:15 PM
ADMA had faced a major challenge
in trying to increase production for
a number of years in its offshore
operation. Its fields have a large
number of Water Injection wells and
the reservoir engineers had never been
able to properly manage the injection
process since they did not have any
data from the Water Injection wells.
Several attempts had been made to
install wireless SCADA systems, but
they had always failed. The previously
installed systems were not reliable and
could not deliver data for distant wells
that were more than 20 Km or more
from the main platform.
Project Scope:vMonitor delivered the first successful Water Injection wireless remote monitoring system for ADMA. vMonitor provided
wireless sensors for monitoring well pressure, temperature and flow. The wireless sensors installed on wells deliver the
data to a data concentrator, which in turn transmits the data (over 20 Km in distance) to the main platforms where vMonitor
TOTALACCESS software receives and processes the data. The data from TOTALACCESS is then accessed via ADMA’s intranet
system.
vMonitor delivered end-to-end system including hardware and software.
Client: Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Company (ADMA-OPCO)
Client Challenges:
Technology Innovation: vMonitor delivered the first wireless sensor system ever installed in ADMA. This is the first wireless Telemetry system in ADMA capable of capturing data for wells over 20 Km in distance.
Value Delivered: > Water Injection data from wells will be critical to increasing
production.
> Reduced well visits by more than 60%.
06.indd 9 05/04/2011 4:33:16 PM
Chevron Nigeria was losing a lot
of oil production due to production
deferment. When wells shut down,
the operators lacked the capability
to identify which wells were shut
down, so they had to visit every well,
therefore required sending choppers to
every platform, which was extremely
costly and inefficient. Chevron could
not install any wireless SCADA system,
because historically solar panels were
stolen or sabotaged. So Chevron
needed a battery operated wireless
system to monitor the well pressure,
temperature and flow; and to check the
well status and be able to predict well
problems.
Project Scope:vMonitor delivered end-to-end system including hardware and software.
vMonitor provided battery powered wireless well monitoring system to monitor well
pressure, temperature and Gas Lift flow. The system transmits data every seven
minutes back to the main platform. The data is captured by vMonitor TOTALACCESS
and is integrated with Chevron’s SCADA system (Wonderware).
Client: Chevron Nigeria
Client Challenges:
Technology Innovation:> vMonitor delivered the first functioning wireless battery
operated SCADA system in Chevron Nigeria’s history.
> We delivered the first battery powered flow meters (Partial AGA) in the industry.
Value Delivered: > Potential to increase production by 7-10%.
> Significant reduction in downtime by identifying shut down wells.
vMonitor Success Stories
06.indd 10 05/04/2011 4:33:18 PM
ExxonMobil Nigeria has been a
major production and corporate HSE
compliance challenge. The Nigeria
offshore fields have a tremendous
potential to increase production.
However it was not possible to achieve
production increase without the ability
to monitor well operations. There were
also significant production losses due
to well shut down without any ability
to isolate the problem and predict
well failure. Furthermore, ExxonMobil
had set a goal to install pipeline leak
detection technology to meet certain
HSE objectives. However, ExxonMobil
had not been able to implement a
remote monitoring system since all
previous SCADA systems running on
solar panels had been subject to theft
and sabotage.
Project Scope: vMonitor delivered an end-to-end wireless battery-powered system for well remote
monitoring and pipeline leak detection. The system was installed on Nigeria’s
offshore operation. The objective of timely delivery of well pressure, temperature
was met. In addition, the system provides continuous pipeline leak information
using inlet and outlet pressure data.
Client: ExxonMobil Nigeria
Client Challenges:
Technology Innovation: This was the first battery powered pipeline leak detection system in the industry.
Value Delivered: > Potential to increase production by at least 3%.
> Significantly reduced HSE risks due to pipeline leakage.
06.indd 11 05/04/2011 4:33:19 PM
Saudi Aramco had put forward an
aggressive production increase plan to
achieve more than 12 million barrels
per day production within a few years.
This production increase was planned
to be achieved as a result of new field
development as well as implementation
of the I-Field strategy which called for
installation of smart well equipment,
like downhole smart well technology,
Downhole gauges and other advanced
well technology, as well as the
implementation of surface wireless
remote monitoring technology and
software in the office to integrate the
well data with reservoir and production
optimization software. At the time of
the project there were few wells being
remotely monitored or controlled in
Saudi Aramco.
Project Scope:vMonitor delivered in the Abqaiq oilfield a two-way
wireless remote operation system for well monitoring (and
in the future for well control). The system was integrated
with downhole gauges that monitor downhole pressure
and temperature. The Downhole gauges were provided by
two companies: Schlumberger and WellDymanics.
The vMonitor wireless RTUs integrate to the surface
system of the Downhole gauges and transmit the data
back to the office where vMonitor’s TotalAccess software
is installed. TotalAccess provides well data access
to various Aramco engineers (reservoir, production,
operations, etc.) on a continuous basis.
Client: Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco), K.S.A. - Abqaiq OIfield Well Monitoring
Client Challenges:
Technology Innovation: > vMonitor provided the ability to link to
various Downhole gauge systems from multiple vendors in a single integrated wireless system and software.
Value delivered:> Providing the enabling technology to
implement the next generation I-Field strategy which has the potential to increase production in the Abqaiq field by more than 10%.
vMonitor Success Stories
06.indd 12 05/04/2011 4:33:22 PM
Saudi Aramco Jeddah and Yanbu
refineries at the time of the project
had tank level monitoring systems,
however there was a need to
implement a redundant tank level
monitoring system to ensure a high
level of safety. The redundant system
had to be wireless and easy to integrate
with the current switch level system
and the DCS system already in place.
The technological challenge was that
the wireless system had to be battery
powered, but also report by exception
in case of an alarm. Reporting by
exception requires that wireless system
be continuously running in very low
power state in case of tank switch
level incoming. All battery operated
wireless systems traditionally could
not do reporting by exception because
it required the RTU to be continuously
powered, which depleted the battery
power supply.
Project Scope: vMonitor delivered wireless tank level monitoring systems to Jeddah and Yanbu refineries. vMonitor delivered the latest
generation of vMBus Micro units. These units are battery powered and able to report by exception.
Client: Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco), K.S.A. - Refinery Tank Level Monitoring
Client Challenges:
Technology Innovation: We delivered the first battery powered wireless system capable of reporting by exception.
Value Delivered: > Redundancy in safety.
> More than 75% in savings over conventional tank level monitoring systems
06.indd 13 05/04/2011 4:33:24 PM
Pemex’s longest pipelines stretch over
hundreds of kilometers in some of
the most difficult territories in Mexico.
There had been many incidents of theft
and sabotage in the pipelines in addition
to several operational issues which
had caused Pemex to lose billions of
dollars annually. Pemex was looking for
a new generation of wireless sensor
technology to monitor these remote
stations and to link the data into their
existing communication backbone.
Those wireless sensors were the only
way to implement such a system due
to the fact that they could not run
cables through these stations because
of the extended distances in those
rural locations and that some of those
stations were on private property.
Pemex also required the data from that
wireless system to be fully integrated
with existing Pemex SCADA through a
special Pemex Modbus protocol.
Project Scope: This project demonstrated vMonitor’s true capabilities to
deliver a complete system in an incredibly short period.
vMonitor delivered base stations with complete shelters
to receive data from the wireless sensors, integrated base
stations to Pemex existing communication backbone,
integrate the data with Pemex SCADA system through
Pemex Modbus protocol.
vMonitor mobilized an entire team to Mexico, and worked
flawlessly with the local contractor to deliver a functioning
system on time. vMonitor had to overcome serious
technical and logistic challenges since the pipeline stations
were scattered throughout a very large area and inside
private properties.
vMonitor delivered the complete system in less than 2
months.
Client: Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), Mexico
Client Challenges:
Technology Innovation:vMonitor delivered the first wireless sensors in the industry capable of output for valve control.
Value Delivered:> Increased pipeline security and
environmental safety
> Theft prevention
> Reduced visits to locations by more than 90%
vMonitor Success Stories
06.indd 14 05/04/2011 4:33:25 PM
Lyondell Tank farms had a hard-wired
monitoring system for High Level
alarms that was providing the alarming
information (and in some tanks also
the actual level reading) for years. This
hard-wired monitoring system had
presented failures and a project to
recondition it had been approved. The
problem arose due to the required time
span for the project completion: the
refinery operations could not be delayed
until the project was completed. They
required a monitoring solution that
could be deployed quickly and with a
high trust level.
Project Scope:vMonitor delivered a successful wireless monitoring system to Lyondell Refinery
in two phases. The system not only shows the High Level alarm, is also capable
of indicating the real battery voltage on each sensor and when a communication
failure has been detected between the master station and any of the remote high
level sensors.
Client: Liondell Refinery Tank Level Monitoring
Client Challenges:
Technology Innovation: A wireless sensor was designed around one of vMonitor Wireless J/O units capable of reading 2 analog inputs, 3 digital inputs, and configurable to work continuously ON or in a low power mode to save battery life.
Value Delivered:The client was able to monitor its high level alarms with a very economical system that was installed in short time (compared to the cost and time required to install a wired monitoring system).
06.indd 15 05/04/2011 4:33:28 PM
Shell US in Colorado has a large number of wells that
needed to be monitored. However due to the location of
these wells in the Rocky Mountains area, most wireless
systems would not work because of the mountain terrain
obscuration. Furthermore Shell required a low power
battery powered RTUs, because the snow cover would
render solar panels ineffective during the winter months.
Project Scope: vMonitor Supplied vMBusX-S battery powered RTUs and
OPC software interface to Yokogawa DCS. These units
have been functioning reliably now for several years.
Client: Shell United States
Client Challenges:
Technology Innovation: The first battery powered spread spectrum based
wireless system that could deliver data in such a
complex terrain
Value Delivered: > Timely well data
> No data is available on well production since
those were experimental wells
> Reduced well visits by 70%.
vMonitor Success Stories
06.indd 16 05/04/2011 4:33:30 PM
PDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela) had
started the process of Remote wells
automation more than 10 years ago,
and were continuously looking for
better ways to control Gas Lift Injection
at well head manifolds offshore in
Maracaibo Lake. Having to deal with
offshore constraints and limitations, the
most important challenge for PDVSA
had been to ensure accurate reading
and control of Gas Wells Injection,
where power is a limitation. For this
reason, vMonitor developed a Solution
RTU Flow computer that calculated
Gas flow based on AGA standards and
controled a valve injection actuator on
a timely basis. This means that the
control algorithm runs at interval times
configured by the user to save solar
energy as much as possible without
losing control over the process.
Project Scope: vMonitor delivered RTU Flow computers. Project was performed by a partner local
agent. Flow Calculation and control algorithm were developed based on customer
specifications and inputs of process specialists.
Client: Petroleos de Venezuela
Client Challenges:
Technology Innovation: > Flexibility to work under severe weather conditions on
NEMA 4x enclosure.
> Smart low power Flow computer with configurable execution algorithm for energy saving, even using external display and key pad function
> Sleep key pad mode.
Value Delivered: > Continuous control over process.
> Power savings running system on 40 Watt small solar panels.
> Improve Gas lift optimization
06.indd 17 05/04/2011 4:33:30 PM
vMonitor Overview
vMonitor is the worldwide technology leader
in wireless systems for remote operations
in the oil & gas, refineries, chemicals and
petrochemicals, power, water and waste
water industries.
vMonitor is based in Abu Dhabi, U.A.E with
branches in the United States, Oman, Kuwait
and India. We deliver the latest technology
enabling the Digital Oilfield to companies
around the world.
Since 2000, we have constantly advanced
our technology to engineer the most efficient
wireless and software solutions and provide
you with low cost alternatives to traditional
cabled systems.
We offer turn-key remote monitoring
and control solutions to a wide range of
applications: oil and gas wells (onshore &
offshore), water injection wells, gas lift, ESPs,
pipeline and refinery facilities.
By choosing vMonitor you get more than just
products, we begin by consulting, move into
designing the right technology and finally
integrating with the right software platform.
vMonitor saves your money by eliminating the
need to hire multiple companies. We give you
the best knowledge, the newest technology,
the most capable software with the rich
experience that comes with leadership.
End-to End Remote Monitoring Systems> Complete Solution:
• Hardware/Software/Historian/Wireless communication
> Onshore/Offshore Applications
> Remote Operations & Control
> Low Cost Business Model
> SCADA Telemetry
World’s Most Advanced Wireless Technology> World Smallest RTUs
> Longest Range Wireless Sensors
> Intelligent Processing
> Ultra Low Power
> Wireless SCADA
About vMonitor
06.indd 18 05/04/2011 4:33:31 PM
06.indd 19 05/04/2011 4:33:33 PM
United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 35427
Tel: + 971 2 676 7965
Fax: + 971 2 676 7956
Email: [email protected]
United States of America
4321 W Sam Houston Parkway
N #110 Houston, TX 77043
Tel: +1 713 467 3900
Fax: +1 713 467 3999
Email: [email protected]
www.vmonitor.com
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Copyright – vMonitor 2010. vMonitor, the vMonitor logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of vMonitor. The other names mentioned, registered or not, are the property of their respective companies. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. vMonitor reserves the right to revise or change this data at any time without further notice.
06.indd 20 05/04/2011 4:33:33 PM