vitamin d: neonatal health - nutrition foundation of...
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Vitamin D: Neonatal Health
Dr Siddharth Ramji Director ‐ Professor, Dept of Neonatology , Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi.
C Ramachandran Memorial Lecture , Nutrition Foundation of India , New Delhi 26.11.2015
Vitamin D Deficiency
• VD insufficiency 25‐49 nmol/L (10‐19 ng/mL) • VD deficiency <25 nmol/L (< 10 ng/mL) IOM, USA
• VD insufficiency 50‐75 nmol/L (20‐30 ng/mL) • VD deficiency <50 nmol/L (< 20 ng/mL) Endocrine Society, USA
Burden of VDD: Mother & Newborn
Vitamin D level
(nmol/L)
Americas Europe Eastern Mediterranean
SE Asia W. Pacific
Mother <50 64 57 46 87 83
<25 9 23 79 - 13
Newborn <50 30 73 60 96 54
<25 14 39 - 45 14
Sarif R, et al. Matern Child Nutr, Sept 15, 2015
Vitamin D status in LBW neonates (Delhi)
Age Outcomes LBW NBW
Birth VDD 87.3% 88.6%
Raised PTH 63.6% 41.4%
12‐15 weeks
VDD 60.6% 71.6%
Raised PTH 45.7% 49.3%
Clinical Rickets 13.4% 4.9%
Aggarwal R, et al J Trop Pediatr 2012,58:446-50 VDD <15 ng/mL(37.5 nmol/L)
VDD in Pregnancy and Neonatal outcomes
Outcomes
SGA OR: 1.85 (1.52‐2.26)
Birth weight (g) ‐130.9 (‐186.69 to ‐75.14)
Aghajafari F, et al, BMJ, 2013;346:f1169)(Systematic Review & Meta-analysis)
Vitamin D and SGA: Ethnic variation
U‐shaped relationship in white American women, not in non‐white women
Bodnar LM, J Nutr, 2010
Vitamin D: Maternal-Neonatal correlation
Thomas SDC et al, BMJ Open 2011,1:e00
Seasonal influence Higher in summer than winter
Vitamin D Forms
1: 25(OH)D2 2: 25(OH)D3 3: 3‐epi‐25(OH)D2 4: 3‐epi‐25(OH)D3 5: 1α (OH)2D3
A: Maternal B: Neonatal
Karras et al, Nutrtion Journal, 2015,12:77
Vitamin D: Neonatal Respiratory function
Vitamin D impacts fetal and neonatal lung development
• Positive effect on: Type II alvelolar cell, fibroblast proliferation, surfactant synthesis and alvelolarization.
• Implications for RDS and BPD in newborn
Lykkedegn S, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015,308:L587-602
(Systematic Review)
Vitamin D: Neonatal Respiratory function
VDD Alters Airway epithelial Cell (AEC) response
• Maternal VDD associated with greater IL‐10 release after stimulation withTNF‐α / IL‐1β or house dust mite stimulation
• Implications for reactive airway disease
Miller DR et al. Clin Exp Allergy,2015:45:920-7
Vitamin D: Neonatal Respiratory function
VDD increases respiratory morbidity in preterms • increased oxygen requirement • Increased duration PPV during delivery room resuscitation • Increased duration of mechanical ventilation in NICU
Onwuneme C, J Pediatr, 2015:166:1175-1180
Vitamin D: Neonatal Respiratory function • Lower Vitamin D levels in neonates with TTNB • No association with severity of TTNB Konca C, Horm Res Paediatr, 201481:397-401
• RDS more common with severe VDD (28%) compared to mild‐moderate deficiency (14%)
Ataseven F Int J Vit Nutr Res,2013;83:232-7
• VDR Fok 1 genotype polymorphism increases risk for BPD (OR: 4.1, 95% CI 1.08‐15.6)
Koroglu OA Pediatr Res,2014;76:171-6
Vitamin D: Innate immunity
VDD affects Toll Like receptor induced antimicrobial response
Valencia P, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:1835-43
Vitamin D: Immune status
Cord Blood immune status
Implications for increased risk of allergy and asthma
Chary VA, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2015;148:194-201
Deficient Insufficient Suficient
B cells(CD23/21) 0.35% 0.22% 0.15%
Treg cell 0.63% 1.05% 1.75%
Vitamin D: neonatal Sepsis
Early Onset Sepsis Control Vitamin D (ng/mL) 22.2 (8.6) 36.2 (19.0)
Cetinkaya M, J Perinatol, 2015;35:39‐45
Vitamin D: Metabolic consequences
• VDD: Higher risk of neonatal hypocalcemia
• VDD not elated to metabolic bone disease in preterms
• Cord Vitamin D positively correlated with neonatal Fat mass Gondang K, Eur J Endocrinol 2014;170:6098-17
Maternal VDD: Long term Risk in Offspring
VDD at 18 weeks pregnancy (Australian cohort) • Impaired lung function at 6 yrs • Neurocognitive difficulties at 10 yrs • Eating disorders in adolescence • Lower peak bone mass at 20 yrs Hart PH Pediatrics, 2015;135:e167-73