vitamin c and the common cold

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Vitamin C and the Common Cold Written by: Corrie Cox DTC 422

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Page 1: Vitamin c and the common cold

Vitamin C and the Common Cold

Written by: Corrie CoxDTC 422

Page 2: Vitamin c and the common cold

Background

Vitamin C is aka ascorbic acid The human body cannot synthesize

vitamin C Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin In 1928 vitamin C was isolated In 1933 its structure was

determined

Page 3: Vitamin c and the common cold

Sources Vitamin C can be obtained through

Food or Supplements Food is the best source!

Parsley, broccoli, bell pepper, strawberries, oranges, lemon juice, papaya, cauliflower, kale, mustard greens, and Brussels sprouts

Supplements Do not consume more than 500mg/day

Page 4: Vitamin c and the common cold

Deficiency

Those at high risk Smokers, the elderly, and people who

consume large amounts of alcohol Symptoms of scurvy

Fatigue, bleeding gums, altered wound healing, and uncontrolled rupture of capillaries

Page 5: Vitamin c and the common cold

RDA and Overconsumption

RDA for Adults age 19 and older 90 mg/day for men 75 mg/day for women smokers additional 35 mg/day

Too much vitamin C can cause Nausea, vomiting, heartburn,

diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and headaches

Page 6: Vitamin c and the common cold

Vitamin C & Common Cold

May have a mild antihistamine effect Shortens symptoms/duration of a cold

Common source Orange juice

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Page 7: Vitamin c and the common cold

Vitamin C & Common Cold

Its role in fighting infection remains controversial

Read article below for more information http://www.independent.co.uk/life-styl

e/health-and-families/health-news/vitamin-c-does-not-protect-against-the-common-cold-457707.html

Page 8: Vitamin c and the common cold

Media Report

“Vitamin C does not protect against the common cold” Article published in The Independent Written by Jeremy Laurance

Unnecessary expense Beneficial supplement for

Skiers, marathon runners, and soldiers

Page 9: Vitamin c and the common cold

Media Report

More studies needed On children and effects of

pneumonia Avoiding the common cold

1. Take Echinacea (herbal remedy)2. Drink hot honey and lemon3. Avoiding shaking hands 4. Keep nose and face warm

Page 10: Vitamin c and the common cold

Scientific Evidence Review Article

“Examining the evidence for the use of vitamin C in the prophylaxis and treatment of a common cold”

Common cold is a nuisance to daily activities Vitamin C used in iron absorption, wound healing,

and collagen formation Its use in cold treatment inconclusive Role in production of neurotransmitters Role in improved glucose metabolism Ability to improve function of immune system

Page 11: Vitamin c and the common cold

Scientific Evidence

Thirty placebo controlled trial were reviewed 11,350 subjects Found no difference in the incidence

of the common cold Vitamin C supplements taken daily

Page 12: Vitamin c and the common cold

Scientific Evidence Meta-analyses

Six trials 642 marathon runners, skiers, and soldiers

Performing in sub artic conditions Experimental group

Took 200 > mg/day Results

50% reduction of development of common cold No difference in duration or severity of a cold Decrease in missed number of work/school days

for those taking vitamin C

Page 13: Vitamin c and the common cold

Scientific Evidence

Research Study “Sufficiently Important Difference for

Common Cold: Severity Reduction” Consumers choice of cold remedy Questionnaires 253 participants Conclusion

Preferred method in order: Vitamin C, Echinacea, zinc lozenge, and antiviral

Page 14: Vitamin c and the common cold

Scientific Evidence Research Study

Medical Specialists opinion Questionnaire

http://www.coldstudy.org/expectedbenefits/

Evaluate treatment based of 7 day cold Reduce duration/severity of cold

Results Medical Specialists felt cold remedies

offer limited benefits

Page 15: Vitamin c and the common cold

Scientific Evidence

Research Study “Immune-enhancing role of vitamin c

and zinc and effect on clinical conditions”

Improvement in the immune system from Vitamin C Zinc

Page 16: Vitamin c and the common cold

Scientific Evidence Research Study

“Mega-dose vitamin C in treatment of the common cold: a randomized controlled trial”

400 Students Eighteen Month Trial Four intervention arms Conclusion

No difference between experimental group and placebo group

Page 17: Vitamin c and the common cold

Scientific Evidence Correspondence

“Misleading Information on the Properties of Vitamin C”

Response to Cochrane Review Confusion

Between supplementation of vitamin C levels Claim

The claim that vitamin C cannot prevent of cure the common cold is premature and unjustifiable

Page 18: Vitamin c and the common cold

Conclusion Further research needed

On children Effects of pneumonia

Shortcomings Dietary intake of vitamin C Small number of subjects Lack of diversity in subjects Self reported data

Regarding duration and severity of cold

Page 19: Vitamin c and the common cold

References 1. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. Advanced Nutrition and

Human Metabolism. Fifth edition, Wadsworth Cenage Learning, 2009.

2. Heiner KA, Hart AM, Martin LG, Rubio-Wallace S. Examining the evidence for the use of vitamin C in the prophylaxis and treatment of the common cold. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2009; 21(5): 295-300.

3. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/vitamin-c-does-not-protect-against-the-common-cold-457707.html. Accessed October 2, 2009.

4. Barrett B, Harahan B, Brown D, Zhang Z, Brown R. Sufficiently important difference for common cold: severity reduction. Ann Fam Med. 2007; 5(3): 216-23.

Page 20: Vitamin c and the common cold

References 5. Barrett B, Endrizzi S, Andreoli P, Barlow S, Zhang Z.

Clinical significance of common cold treatment: professionals' opinions. WMJ. 2007; 106(8): 473-80.

6. Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH. Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006; 50(2): 85-94.

7. Audera C, Patulny RV, Sander BH, Douglas RM. Mega-dose vitamin C in treatment of the common cold: a randomized controlled trial. Med J Aust. 2001 ; 175(7): 359-62.

8. Hickey S, Roberts H. Misleading information on the properties of vitamin C. PLoS Med. 2005; 2(6): e168; quize217.

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