vital signs
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 11
Vital Signs
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Chapter Outline
• INTRODUCTION• BODY TEMPERATURE• PULSE• RESPIRATION• BLOOD PRESSURE• DOCUMENTATION• EVERYDAY ETHICS• FACTORS TO TEACH THE PATIENT
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Introduction
I. Patient Preparation and Instruction
II. Dental Hygiene Care Planning
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Body Temperature
I. Indications for Taking the TemperatureII. Maintenance of Body TemperatureIII. Methods of Determining TemperatureIV. Care of Patient with Temperature
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Figure 11-1, A-D
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Pulse
I. Maintenance of Normal Pulse– Normal pulse rates– Factors that influence pulse rate
II. Procedure for Determining Pulse Rate
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Figure 11-2 Arteries of the Arm
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Figure 11-3 Determination of Pulse Rate
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Respiration
I. Maintenance of Normal Respirations– Normal rate– Factors that influence
II. Procedures for Observing Respirations
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Blood Pressure
I. Components of Blood Pressure– Systolic pressure– Diastolic pressure
II. Factors that Influence Blood Pressure– Maintenance of blood pressure– Factors that increase blood pressure– Factors that decrease blood pressure
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Blood Pressure con’t
III. Equipment for Determining BP• Mercury sphygmomanometer• Aneroid sphygmomanometer• Electronic sphygmomanometer• Wrist or finger devices• Stethoscope
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Three Sizes of BP Cuffs
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IV.Procedure for Determining BP
• Prepare patient• Apply cuff• Locate radial pulse• Determine maximum inflation level• Position the stethoscope• Deflate the cuff gradually
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figure 11-6 Blood Pressure Cuff Position
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Figure 11-7 Forearm Properly supported
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FIGURE 11-8 A: Proper placement of the earpieces for the stethoscope. B: Improper
placement of the earpieces
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Figure 11-9 Correct Stethoscope Endpiece Placement, Away from Cuff and in
Contact with Skin.
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V. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
• HBP of > 140/90 is associated with cardiovascular diseases, stroke, kidney failure, and premature death
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VI. Blood Pressure Follow-Up Criteria
• Dental personnel have an obligation to advise and refer
• Vital signs • Recheck within 1 year • Lifestyle modifications
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Documentation
• Carefully documented medical history• Remind patient of importance of
medication compliance• If anesthesia, include in care plan
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Factors to Teach the Patient
• The importance of having a blood pressure determination at regular intervals
• Encourage regular continuing use of prescription drugs • Encourage healthy lifestyle changes • Tobacco cessation• Drug and/or alcohol counseling• Exercise• Healthy dietary habits