Vital Sign Vital Sign Muhammad Muslih Muhammad Muslih

1. Temperature

2. Respiratory

3. Pulse

4. Blood pressure

Consist :

Age-Related variations in normal vital sign

Blood Pressure

(mmHg)

Pernafasan

(x/mnt)

pulse

(x/mnt)

Suhu (oC) Umur

73/55 30 – 60 80 – 180 36.8 (ax) Newborn

90/55 20 – 40 80 – 140 37.7 (re) 1 – 3 yr

95/55 15 – 25 75 – 120 37 (Or) 6 – 8 yr

102/62 15 – 25 75 – 110 37 (Or) 10 yr

102/80 15 – 20 60 – 100 37 (Or) Teens

120/80 12 – 20 60 – 100 37 (Or) Adults

120/80 – 160/95 12 - 20 60 - 100 36 (Or) > 70 yr

TEMPERATURE • Temperature can be measured is several

different ways:

• Oral with a glass, paper, or electronic thermometer (normal 98.6F/37C)

• Axillary with a glass or electronic thermometer (normal 97.6F/36.3C)

• Rectal or "core" with a glass or electronic thermometer (normal 99.6F/37.7C)

• Aural (the ear) with an electronic thermometer (normal 99.6F/37.7C)

• Of these, axillary is the least and rectal is the most accurate.

normal oral temperature is 97 to 99.9 degrees F (36.1 to 37.7 degrees C)

Pulse

• Carotid: in neck, medial to and below angle of jaw

• Radial: ventral wrist proximal to base of thumb

• Brachial: antecubital fossa, medial to biceps tendon

• Femoral: in groin, just medial to quadriceps

• Popliteal: middle of popliteal fossa; knee flexed 30 degrees

• Posterior tibial (PT): posterior to medial malleolus, in ankle

• Dorsalis pedis (DP): dorsal foot, lateral to extensor hallucis longus

RESPIRATORY

• Bradypnea: rate under 12: coma, medications, deep sleep

• Tachypnea: rate over 20: anxiety, heart or lung disease, pain

• Hyperpnea: rate over 20 and deep: exercise, anxiety, metabolic

• Sighing: normal if occasional; anxiety if frequent

• Cheyne-Stokes: drugs, CNS damage

• Kussmaul: rapid, deep, labored: metabolic acidosis

• Stridor: harsh, high-pitched inspiration: Danger: airway obstruction

BLOOD PRESSURE

• Place bell of stethoscope (diaphragm is acceptable) over brachial artery

• Rapidly pump the cuff to 20 to 30 mm Hg above palpable systolic pressure

• Release pressure in the cuff by 2 to 3 mm Hg per second and listen for Korotkoff sounds, including systolic (first) and diastolic (last)

• Record as systolic/diastolic. Check in both arms the first time you check a patient's blood pressure. It may differ by 10 mm Hg or more.

• If the sounds continues to zero, record diastolic blood pressure as the point when sounds become muffled (phase 4) over zero: e.g. 130/70/0, or just as 130/70.

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