CURRICULUM VITAE

Name:

William Clayton Norman, Ph.D.Associate Professor Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism ManagementClemson University263 Lehotsky HallClemson, South Carolina 29634-0735864.656.2060 (voice)864.617.3582 (cell)864.656.2226 (fax)wnorman@clemson.edu

Education:

Doctor of Philosophy, 1995, Division of Recreation, Park and Leisure Services, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Dissertation: The Influence of Perceived Constraints on the Generic Travel Decision.

Master of Science, 1987, Department of Park and Recreation Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Plan B: A Descriptive Profile of Michigan's Bed and Breakfast Industry.

Bachelor of Science, 1980, Department of Forest Resources (Recreation Resource Management), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Associate of Applied Science, 1978, Itasca Community College, (Pre-Forestry), Grand Rapids, Minnesota.

Professional Training:

Teaching Assistantships:

1988-1990, Teaching Assistant, Division of Recreation, Park and Leisure Studies, University of Minnesota.

1982-1983, Teaching Assistant, Department of Park and Recreation Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.

R esearch Assistantships:

1989 (summer), Research Assistant, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.

1988 (summer), Research Assistant, Tourism Center, University of Minnesota Extension Service, St. Paul, Minnesota.

1987-1988, Research Assistant, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.

1983-1984, Research Assistant, Department of Park and Recreation Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.Academic Appointments:

August 2010 to Present, Associate Professor, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina. Appointment: Teaching (100%).

July, 2006 to July 2010, Associate Professor, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina. Appointment: Teaching (74%), Public Service Activity – Research (26%).

May, 2001 to July, 2006, Associate Professor and Director, Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute (RTTI), Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina. Appointment: Teaching (38%), RTTI (36%), Public Service Activity – Research (26%).

August, 1995 to May, 2001, Assistant Professor and Director, RTTI, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina. Appointment: Teaching (38%), RTTI (36%), Public Service Activity – Research (26%).

September, 1992 to July, 1995, Marketing Specialist, Tourism Research and Resource Center, University of Wisconsin-Extension, Madison, Wisconsin.

January, 1991 to June, 1992, Instructor, Leisure Studies Program, Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North

September, 1984 to August, 1986, Instructor, Recreation Program, Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Ferris State College, Big Rapids, Michigan.

Honors and Awards:

Professional:

2006, J. Desmond Slattery Professional Marketing Award. Presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association's Annual Conference, Dublin Ireland, June 16, 2006. Project Title:

Norman, W. C., Jodice, L. & Condrasky, M. South Carolina Shrimp "Sea" the Difference brochure

2000, Best Research Paper Award, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s 31st Annual Conference, Burbank, California, June 13, 2000. Title of paper:

Petrick, J. F., Morais, D. D., & Norman, W. C. (2000). An examination of the determinants of entertainment vacationers’ intentions to revisit.

1999, Best Research Paper Award, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s 30 th Annual Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, June 22, 1999. Title of paper:

Frauman, E., Norman, W. C., & Martin, B. S. (1999). The efficacy of mindfulness in the market segmentation of nature tourists.

1997, Visiting Scholar Award, National Tourism Foundation, Lexington, Kentucky.

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College:

2010, Award of Excellence in Graduate Student Advising/Mentoring, College of Health, Education and Human Development, Clemson University.

Supervised Graduate Students:

2010, NTA Luray Caverns Graduate Research Scholarship, $3,000. Tourism Cares, Canton, MA. Title of Proposal:

Lacher, R. G. (2010). Sustainable certifications in the cruise industry: A stated preference choice modeling based study of consumer demand.

2008, NTA Luray Caverns Graduate Research Scholarship, $3,000. Tourism Cares, Canton, MA. Title of Proposal:

Ying, T. (2008). Segmenting tourist market based on visitors’ destination culturalconsumption patterns.

2006, Best Student Paper Award, Southeast Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Research Symposium, March 28, 2006. Title of Paper:

Wooten, M. H. & Dixon, A. W. (2006). The sport and museum connection: Assessing spectator satisfaction at a golf tournament using museum research.

2005, Best Student Paper Award, Southeast Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Research Symposium, March 21, 2005. Title of Paper:

Shenoy, S. (2005). Culinary tourism.

2000, Masters Student Research Award, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s 31st Annual Conference, Burbank, California, June 13, 2000. Title of thesis:

Ross, S. D. (1999). The use of conjoint analysis in the development of a new interpretive center.

Editorial Boards:

2006 to Present, Member, Editorial Review Board, Journal of Travel Research.

1999-Present, Member, Journal of Quality Assurance in Tourism and Hospitality.

2004-2008, Member, Editorial Board, Advances in Hospitality and Leisure.

1997, Associate Editor, Special issue on Resource acquisition in natural resources, recreation and tourism management in the Journal of the Academy of Park and Recreation Administration.

Membership and Service in Professional Societies:

1989-2010, Travel and Tourism Research Association, Board of Directors (2000-2003).

1991-2010, National Recreation and Park Association, SPRE-TTRA Liaison (1998-2002).

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Major Research Interests:

Regional tourism planning Rural tourism development Community tourism marketing Leisure travel decision making Constraints to leisure travel Special interest tourism (i.e., culinary tourism, agritourism, sport tourism & nature-based

tourism) The social, cultural and economic impact of tourism The American Vacation

Publications:

Articles (Refereed):

Dixon, A. W., Backman, S., Backman, K., & Norman, W. (submitted). Expenditure based segmentation of sport tourists. Journal of Sport and Tourism.

Draper, J., Woosnam, K. M., & Norman, W. C. (in press). Tourism use history: Exploring a new framework for understanding residents’ attitudes toward tourism. Journal of Travel Research.

Chancellor, H.C., Norman, W. C, Farmer, J., & Coe, E.E. (in press). Tourism organizations and land trusts: A sustainable approach to natural resource conservation? Journal of Sustainable Tourism.

Woosnam, K. M., & Norman, W. C. (in press). Measuring residents’ emotional solidarity with tourists: Scale development of Durkheim’s theoretical constructs. Journal of Travel Research.

Wooten, M. H. & Norman, W. C. (2009). Using the ratings grid in tourism/event management. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(3) 347-360.

Woosnam, K. M., Norman, W. C. & Ying, T. (2009). Exploring the theoretical framework of emotional solidarity between residents and tourists. Journal of Travel Research, 48, 245-258

Jodice, L. and Norman, W. (2008). Seafood Tourism. In Luck, M. ed. Encyclopedia of Tourism and Recreation in Marine Environments. CABI International, UK.

Kleiber, D., McGuire, F. A.., Aybar-Damali, B. & Norman, W. (2008). Having more by doing less: The paradox of leisure constraints in later life. Journal of Leisure Research, 40, 343-359.

Wooten, M. H. & Norman, W. C. (2008). Differences in art festival visitors based on level of past experience. Event Management, 11(3) 109-121.

Deale, C., Norman, W., & Jodice, L.W. (2008). Marketing locally harvested shrimp to South Carolina coastal visitors: The development of a culinary tourism supply chain. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology. 6(1), 5-23.

Kyle, G. T., Absher, J. D., Norman, W., Hammitt, W. E., & Jodice, L. (2007). A modified involvement scale. Leisure Studies, 26(4): 399–427.

Kyle, G. T, Norman, W., Jodice, L., Graefe, A., & Marsinko, A. (2007). Segmenting anglers

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using their consumptive orientation profiles. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 12(2) 115-132.Loda, M. D., Norman, W. C., & Backman, K. F. (2007). Advertising and publicity: Suggested

new applications for tourism marketers. Journal of Travel Research, 45, 259-265.

Daniels, M. J., Loda, M. D., & Norman, W. C., (2005). Always on my mind: recall of daily travel occurrences. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 18(3), 1-10.

Loda, M. D., Norman, W. C., & Backman, K. F. (2005). How potential tourists react to mass media marketing: advertising versus publicity. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 18(3), 63-69.

McGuire, F. A., Norman, W. C., & O’Leary, J. (2005). Leisure constraints in the young old, old old and oldest old. Advances in Hospitality and Leisure, 1, 25-42.

Wang, Y., Norman, W. C., & McGuire, F. A. (2005). Travel constraints among mature visitors to Wisconsin’s Northwoods. Tourism Review International, 8, 263-279.

Daniels, M. J., Norman, W. C., & Henry, M. S. (2004). Estimating income effects of a sport tourism event. Annals of Tourism Research, 31, 180-199.

Frauman, E., & Norman, W. (2004). Mindfulness as a tool for managing visitors to tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 381-389.

Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2003). Estimating the economic impacts of seven regular sport tourism events. Journal of Sport Tourism, 8, 214-222.

Frauman, E., & Norman, W. (2003). Managing visitors via “mindful” information services: one approach in addressing sustainability. Journal of Parks and Recreation Administration, (21)4, 87-104.

Ross, S., Norman, W., & Dorsch, M. (2003). The use of conjoint analysis in the development of a new recreation facility. Managing Leisure: An International Journal, 8, 227-244.

McGehee, N. G., & Norman, W. C. (2001). Alternative tourism as impetus for consciousness-raising. Tourism Analysis, 6(3/4) 239-251.

Norman, W. C., Daniels, M. J., McGuire, F. A. & Norman C. A. (2001). Whither the mature market: An empirical examination of heterogeneity versus homogeneity in the travel motivations of neo-mature and veteran mature markets. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure, 8(3/4) 113-130.

Petrick, J. F., Morais, D. D., & Norman, W. C. (2001). An examination of the determinants of entertainment vacationers? intentions to visit. Journal of Travel Research, 40(1) 41-48.

Petrick, J. F., Backman, S. J., Bixler, R. Norman, W. C. (2001). Analysis of golfer motivations and constraints by experience use history. Journal of Leisure Research, 33, 56-71.

Bignon, V. N., Hammitt, W. E., & Norman, W. C. (1999). French perceptions and images of the United States as a destination country. Tourism Analysis, 3, 159-171.

Klenosky, D. J., Frauman, E., Norman, W. C., & Gengler, C. E. (1999). Nature-based tourists’ use of interpretive services: A means-end investigation. Journal of Tourism Studies, 9 (2), 26-36.

Frauman, E., Norman, W. C., & Klenosky, D. J. (1998). The application of means-end theory to understanding visitors within a nature-based interpretive setting: A quantitative and qualitative

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comparison of methods. Tourism Analysis, 2, 161-174.Sheppard, A. G., Norman, W. C., Grove, S. J., McLellan, R. W., & McGuire, F. A. (1998).

Lasting service products: Satisfaction, repurchase intention and long term experience. Tourism Analysis, 2, 207-212.

Wood, M. E., Norman, W., Frauman, E. & Toepper, L. (1996). The Green Evaluation Program: Preliminary results from a pilot ecotourism monitoring program for nature tour operators. Yale Forestry & Environmental Studies Bulletin, 99, 211-231.

Articles (Not Refereed):

Kibler, T., Norman, W. C., & Ross, S. (September, 1999). S.C. Lacking Nature? Some Tourists Think So. Woodall’s Campground Management, 30 (9), 7.

Norman, W. (1996). A perspective on recreational use of South Carolina rivers. South Carolina River News. 2(3), 1-2.

Norman, B. (1993). What are some ways to generate positive word-of-mouth communication from current visitors to the community? In Koth, B., Kreag, G., & Robinson, M. (Compilers), Q & A about rural tourism development (p. 108). St. Paul, Minnesota: Tourism Center, University of Minnesota.

Norman, B. (1993). How can rural communities get travelers off the interstate and major highways and into their town? In Koth, B., Kreag, G., & Robinson, M. (Compilers), Q& A about rural tourism development (pp. 112-113). St. Paul, MN: Tourism Center, University of Minnesota.

Norman, W. C., Lime, D. W., & Roggenbuck, J. W. (1989). New directions in river resource management: A look at agency-outfitter partnerships. Western Wildlands: A Natural Resources Journal, 15(3), 18-23.

Book Chapters:

Wooten, M. H. & Norman, W. C. (2008). Chapter 12: The meaning of special events. In Woodside, A. & Martin, D. (Eds.), Tourism management: analysis, behavior and strategy. Oxfordshire, United Kingdom: CABI.

McGuire, F. A., & Norman, W. C. (2005). Chapter 6: Leisure, constraints, and ageing. In Jackson, E. (ed.). Constraints to leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.

Book Review:

Pearce, P. L., Moscardo, G. & Ross, G. F. (1996). Tourism Community Relationships. Tarrytown, New York: Pergamon for the 1998 volume of Schole, A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation and Evaluation.

Technical and Research Reports:

Harrill, R. (2010). A development and economic impact study of the South Carolina National Heritage Corridor: A roadmap for economic development. Technical report submitted to the South Carolina National Heritage Corridor, 197 pp. University of South Carolina-Clemson University Tourism Research Partnership and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Travel & Tourism Industry Center. (Member).

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Wooten, M. H., Norman, W. C., McGuire, F. A. & Ahn, Y. J (2010). Senior Travel Program of Florence County, SC Parks and Recreation Department. Technical report submitted to Florence County Parks and Recreation Department, 62 pp. The University of North Carolina at Pembroke and Clemson University.

Norman, W. C., Ying, T. & Chen, X. (2010). Thoroughbred Country tourist conversion and destination branding study, 37 pp. Technical report submitted to the Lower Savannah Council of Governments. Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Goetcheus, C., Hallo, J. C., McGee, J. A., McGehee, N., Norman, W. C., Oh, C. O (2009). Rocky Knob sustainable tourism centerpiece project: final report. 194 pp. Technical report submitted to Blue Ridge Heritage Incorporated. Virginia Polytechnic and State University and Clemson University.

Woosnam, K. M. & Norman, W. C. (2008). Identifying with tourists: Examining the emotional solidarity of Beaufort County, South Carolina residents with tourists in their community, 12 pp. Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC.

Woosnam, K., Jodice, J. W., Norman, W. C. (2008). South Carolina marine recreational fishing needs assessment for prioritizing extension, outreach and research, Project report for the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, 125 pp. Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Norman, W. C., Kyle, G., Marsinko, A., & Jodice, L. W. (2006). The development and implementation of a strategic tourism marketing plan for fishing and boating on South Carolina’s Santee Cooper Lake, 81 pp. Project survey report for the Santee Cooper Counties Promotion Commission and the Recreational Boating and Fishing Foundation. Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Jodice, L. W., Norman, W. C., Condrasky, M. Howell, D., Shenoy, S., McElroy, K. E., Dayton, M., & Wooten, M. (2006). Developing the shrimp-tourism relationship through a combination of culinary research, chef training and Tourist Education, 73 pp. Final report for the Guland South Atlantic Fisheries Foundation. Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Norman, W. C., Kyle, G. Marsinko, A. & Jodice, W. (2005). Santee Cooper Country visitor survey, 20 pp. Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Rozier, S. A. J., Backman, K. F. & Norman, W. C. (2005). Analysis of Charleston tourists and their motives and intentions of visiting Berkeley County, 71 pp. Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Rozier, S. A. J., Backman, K. F. & Norman, W. C. (2005). Analysis of Berkeley County tourists, 79 pp. Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Norman, W. C. & Shenoy, S. (2005). The Fran Hanson Discovery Center: A visitor profile and enquiry into the theme and efficacy of its purpose: Executive Summary, 9 pp. Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

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Norman, W. C. and Wooten, M. (2004). A profile of visitors to the South Carolina Botanical Gardens: Visitation to the Devotion of the Sunflower and the nature-based sculpture program, 50 pp. Report submitted to South Carolina Botanical Garden and the South Carolina Arts Commission. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Clemson, University.

Norman, W. C., Henry, M. S., & Rice, R. D. (2002). Final report: A comprehensive analysis of the current and potential economic impact of sport tourism in South Carolina, 5 pp. Submitted to South Carolina Commission on Higher Education. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Chancellor, H. C. & Norman, W. C. (2002). A 2001 summer profile of visitors to Jackson County, North Carolina. Report presented to Jackson County Travel and Tourism Authority, Cullowhee, North Carolina, 60 pp. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Henry, M. S., & Norman, W. C. (2002). Economic impact of a multi-purpose soccer complex in Rock Hill, South Carolina, 43 pp. Submitted to City of Rock Hill Parks, Recreation and Tourism, Rock Hill, South Carolina. Clemson, SC: Regional Economic Development Research Laboratory and Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Clemson University.

Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2002). The impact of the 2001 Big League World Series, 16 pp. Clemson, S.C.: Recreation Travel & Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2002). The impact of the 2001 Carolinas Golf Association Senior Amateur Championship, 8 pp. Clemson, S.C.: Recreation Travel & Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2002). The impact of the 2001 Soccer Six National Championships, 6 pp. Clemson, S.C.: Recreation Travel & Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2002). The impact of the 2001 St. Giles Youth Soccer Classic., 17 pp. Clemson, S.C.: Recreation Travel & Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2002). The impact of the 2001 Colonial Cup Horse Races., 2 pp. Clemson, S.C.: Recreation Travel & Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2001). The impact of the 2001 Cooper River Bridge Run, 35 pp. Clemson, S.C.: Recreation Travel & Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2001). The impact of the 2001 NSA Girls Fastpitch World Series, 30 pp. Clemson, S.C.: Recreation Travel & Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2001). The impact of the 2001 Palmetto Tennis Championships, 9 pp. Clemson, S.C.: Recreation Travel & Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, Clemson University.

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Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2001). The impact of the 2001 Southeast Regional Championship Regatta, 4pp. Clemson, S.C.: Recreation Travel & Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Norman, W. C. & Petrick, J. F. (1999). The Myrtle Beach Entertainment Holiday inquiry conversion study July 1997 - June 1998: final report. Report prepared for Myrtle Beach Entertainment Holiday, Myrtle Beach, SC, 29 pp. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Backman, S. J., Backman, K. F., Henry, M., Norman, W. C., Daniels, M. J., & Petrick, J. F. (1999). The impact of the 1999 MCI Classic - The Heritage of Golf. Report prepared for the Heritage Classic Foundation, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, 109 pp. Clemson, SC: Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Recreation Travel and Tourism Institute and Regional Economic Development Research Laboratory, Clemson University.

Bacon, R., Kibler, T., & Norman, W. C. (1999). Final Report: Implementation andevaluation of a nature-based tourism packaging - business model. Reference: TR97.033-7319-02. Report prepared for the National Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute, Portland Oregon, 76 pp. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Martin, B., Norman, W. C., McClinton, T., Ross, S., Krout, J. & McMillan, W. (1998). A profile of visitors to National Estuarine Research Reserves: implications for interpretive programs. Report prepared for The Sanctuaries and Reserves Division, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce, Silver Spring, Maryland, 90 pp. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Martin, B. S., Norman, W. C., & Ross, S. D. (1998). Proposed Edisto Island interpretive center report. Report prepared for The Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce, Silver Spring, Maryland, 38 pp. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Norman, W. C., & Neidermeyer, M. N. (1997). 1997 South Carolina Upcountry travel survey: An analysis of Discover Upcountry Carolina Association inquirers. Report prepared for the Discovery Upstate Carolina Association, Greenville, South Carolina. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Norman, W. C., Frauman, E., Toepper, L., & Sirakaya, E. (1997). Green evaluation program and compliance of nature tour operators. Report prepared for The Ecotourism Society, North Bennington, Vermont, USA. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (1997). Results of the Upstate South Carolina state parks interpretive services visitor study. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Norman, W. C., Petrick, J., & Smyth, N. (1997). A profile of visitors to Region I of the South Carolina Heritage Corridor. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

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Marcouiller, D. W., Anderson, A., & Norman, W. C. (1996). Trout angling in Southwestern Wisconsin and implications for regional development. (Staff Paper). Madison, WI: Center for Community Economic Development, University of Wisconsin-Extension.

Hamilton, S. M., Marcouiller, D. W., & Norman, W. C. (1996). The Merrimac Ferry: A study of rider behavior and attitude (Staff Paper 96.1). Madison, WI: Center for Community Economic Development, University of Wisconsin-Extension.

Norman, W. C., & Kibler, T. (1995). South Carolina nature-based tourism program. Report for the National Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute, Portland, OR, 100 pp. Clemson, SC: Recreation, Travel and Tourism institute, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., Malinovsky, J. & Norman, W. (1995). Service quality and nature-based enterprises assessment. Report for the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC and the National Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute, Portland, OR, 25 pp. Clemson, SC: Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., Malinovsky, J. & Norman, W. (1995). Regional Nature-based tourism brochure advertising assessment. Report for the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC and the National Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute, Portland, OR, 24 pp. Clemson, SC: Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., Malinovsky, J. & Norman, W. (1995). Community resident assessment of nature-based tourism. Report for the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium Charleston, SC and the National Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute, Portland, OR, 13 pp. Clemson, SC: Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

Norman, W. C., & Hamilton, S. (1995). 1994 Lac du Flambeau area tourism marketing research study (Staff Paper 95.1). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Extension, TourismResearch and Resource Center.

Norman, B., & Marcouiller, D. (1994). Expenditure patterns of School of the Arts at Rhinelander Participants (Staff Paper 94.14). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Tourism Research and Resource Center.

Christensen, P., & Norman, W. C. (1994). Southeastern Wisconsin recreation andculture study (Staff Paper 94.13). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Tourism Research and Resource Center.

Norman, W. C., Hamilton, S., & Marcouiller, D. (1994). A profile of visitors to the 1993 Experimental Aircraft Association Convention (Staff Paper 94.12). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Tourism Research and Resource Center.

Norman, B., Friese, G., & Hamilton, S. (1994). Madeline Island Ferry Line passenger study: analysis and report of findings (Staff Paper 94.11). Madison, WI: University ofWisconsin-Extension, Tourism Research and Resource Center.

Fieber, P. C., & Norman, W. C. (1994). The involvement of Wisconsin park and recreation agencies in tourism (Staff Paper 94.10). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Tourism Research and Resource Center.

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Norman, W. C., Larkin, K, & Hamilton, S. (1994). A profile of canoers on the Kickapoo River, Summer 1993 (Staff Paper 94.9). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Tourism Research and Resource Center.

Norman, B., Hamilton, S., & Janke, J. (1994). A study of tubing on Wisconsin's Apple River during the Summer of 1993 (Staff Paper 94.8). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Tourism Research and Resource Center.

Norman, W. C., Marcouiller, D., & Hamilton, S. (1994). A profile of visitors to the 1994 Wisconsin State Fair (Staff Paper 94.6). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Tourism Research and Resource Center.

Van Koningsveld, R., Norman, W. C., & Marcouiller, D. W. (1994). Eagle watchers along the Wisconsin River: Survey results from the Winter of 1993-1994 (Staff Paper 94.3). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Tourism Research and Resource Center.

Norman, W. C. (1990). The Midwestern summer vacation travel market: An analysis ofsummer vacation involvement, motives and constraints. Unpublished report for the Minnesota Office of Tourism, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Koth, B. A. & Norman, W. C. (1990). Minnesota bed and breakfast market: A guest profile. Research Summaries, Number 3. Tourism Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Roggenbuck, J. W., Lime, D. W., Norman, W. C., & Berger, J. L. (1989). New River Gorge National River: Exploring the potential partnership role of river outfitters in managing public rivers. Research/Resources Management Report 39. National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Lime, D. W., Roggenbuck, J. W., Norman, W. C., & Berger, J. L. (1989). Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area: Exploring the potential partnership role of river outfitters in managing public rivers. Research/Resources Management Report 40. National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Lime, D. W., Roggenbuck, J. W., Norman, W. C., & Burger, J. L. (1989). Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River: Exploring the potential partnership role of river outfitters in managing public rivers. Research/Resources Management Report 41. National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Norman, W. C. (1989). A Market analysis of Minnesota's bed and breakfast guests. Research Report. The University of Minnesota Tourism Center, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Mahoney, E. M., Norman, W. C., & Peterson, J. (1986). A study of Michigan's bed andbreakfast. Research Report. Department of Park and Recreation Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.

Mahoney, E. M., & Norman, W. C. (1986). A study of Michigan's bed and breakfast industry, 1984 through 1986. Research Report. Department of Park and Recreation Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.

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Miscellaneous Products:

____________ (2005). South Carolina Shrimp “Sea” the Difference. Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute and Gulf & South Atlantic Fisheries Foundation.

____________ (2005). South Carolina Shrimp “Sea” the Difference: Information and Practical Advice for Chefs. Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute and Gulf & South Atlantic Fisheries Foundation.

____________ (1999). South Carolina’s Upcountry: Mountains, Mills and Memories. Region I, South Carolina National Heritage Corridor.

____________ (1999). Jocassee Gorges: A Partnership in Conservation. Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service and South Carolina Department of Natural Resources.

____________ (1998). South Carolina Adventures: Nature-Based Packages. South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Association.

____________ (1997). The South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Directory and Listing of the South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Association Members. South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Association.

____________ (1997). South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Association’s web site (http://nbta.scenic.net).

Proceedings:

Jodice, L., Norman, W. C., Carpio, C., Lacher, G., & Oh, C. O. (2010). Assessing tourist demand for traditional coastal dependent businesses on the South Carolina Coast. Proceedings of the Coastal Society 22nd International Conference, Wilmington, North Carolina.

Huang, W. J., Hallo, J. C., Norman, W. C., McGehee, N. G., & McGee, J. (2010). To plan or not to plan: serendipitous vs. organized travel. 41st Annual Conference Proceedings, Lake Orion, Michigan: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Lacher, R. G., Oh, C. O., Norman, W. C., & Jodice, L. J. (2010). Tourism and local character in South Carolina: a stated preference based demand analysis. 41st Annual Conference Proceedings, Lake Orion, Michigan: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Song, H. J., Lee, C. K., & Norman, W. C. (2010). Influential factors on Korean casino visitor’s gambling intention: an application of the model of goal-directed behavior. 41st Annual Conference Proceedings, Lake Orion, Michigan: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Woosnam, K. M, & Norman, W. C. (2009). Scale development and factor structure confirmation of constructs within Durkheim's theoretical framework of emotional solidarity. 40th Annual Conference Proceedings, Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Ying, T., Shenoy, S., & Norman, W. C. (2008). Classifying food tourists: a comparison of three approaches. 39th Annual Conference Proceedings, Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

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Dixon, A., Norman, W. C. & Backman, K. F. (2007). Expenditure-based segmentation of sport tourists. 38th Annual Conference Proceedings, Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Wooten, M. H. & Norman, W. C. (2007). Uncovering the symbolic meaning of a cultural special event. 38th Annual Conference Proceedings, Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Jodice, L.W. and Norman, W. (2007). Interest in “virtual” and “real” shrimp related experiences among coastal and shrimp festival tourists in South Carolina, USA. In Proceedings of the 5th Coastal & Marine Tourism Congress, Auckland, New Zealand.

Jodice, L.W., W.C. Norman, S. Shenoy and K. Woosnam. (2006). Preferences for local caught shrimp among coastal tourists in South Carolina. In Proceedings of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET) 2006 Conference, Rebuilding Fisheries in an Uncertain Environment, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.

Loda, M. D., & Norman, W. C. (2006). Testing a conceptual framework for the study of persuasive communication in tourism marketing. 37th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

McElroy, K., Norman, W. C., & Jodice, L. W. (2006). The effects of trip characteristics on new product development: An application in South Carolina of new shrimp-related tourism products. 37th

Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Woosnam, K.M., Norman, W.C., & Larkin, K.W. (2006). The social construction of place attachment among residents in a gateway community: A case study of Isle au Haut, Maine. 37th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Jodice, L.W., Norman, W. C., & Shenoy, S. (2005). Is The Coastal Tourist Still Looking For A Local Seafood Experience? Paper in Proceedings of Coastal Zone 2005: Balancing on the Edge, New Orleans, Louisiana (poster presentation).

Chancellor, C., & Norman, W. C. (2005). Land Trusts and Tourism Organizations: AFirst Step Toward Determining their Collaboration Potential. 36th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Daniels, M. J., Norman, W. C., & Lawton, L. J. (2005). Sport Tourism across the Lifespan. 36th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Ismert, M., McElroy, K., Norman, W. & Jodice, L. (2005). Behavior segmentation of coastal visitors and the relationship to the five phases of the travel experience: Results from the South Carolina coastal shrimp and tourism project. 36th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Rozier, S. A. J., Norman, W., & Backman, K. F. (2005). The affect of trip patterns on visitors’ potential to take a side trip. 36th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Shenoy, S., Norman, W. & Jodice, L. (2005). The discriminating taste of culinary tourists. 36th

Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

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Wooten, M., Shenoy, S. Norman, W. & Jodice, L. (2005). The Effect of setting and object on visitor experience: The case of the Beaufort Shrimp Festival. 36th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Loda, M. & Norman, W. C. (2004). The persuasive effect of integrating advertising and publicity on a tourism destination. 35th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Chancellor, H. C., Post, C. J., & Norman, W. C. (2003). A decision assisting GIS model: an Aid to tourism resource protection. 34th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Martin, B., Thomas, M., Ibarra, S. & Norman, W. (2003). The Cullowhee Jazz Festival: A University Sponsored Festival. 34th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Wooten M. H., & Norman, W. C. (2003). The affect of seasonality on the South Carolina Artisans Center. 34th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Chancellor, H. C., & Norman, W. C. (2002). Testing the efficacy of trip patterns to explain visitors to a rural mountain county. Abstracts of the 2002 Symposium on Leisure. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Tampa, Florida.

Daniels, M. J., Norman, W. C., & Henry, M. S. (2002). A comparison of social accounting matrix modeling techniques for estimating the personal income distribution effects of a sport tourism event across different household income levels. 32nd Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Daniels, M. J., Norman, W. C., & Henry, M. S. (2002). Occupation-based modeling as a means of assessing the income effects of sport tourism. Abstracts of the 2002 Symposium on Leisure. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Tampa, Florida.

Daniels, M. J., Norman, W. C., & Henry, M. S. (2002). Alternatives for estimating the impacts of a tourism event across host county income groups. Proceedings of the 2002 IMPLAN Users Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (2002). Why should a mindful visitor be distinguished from other visitors at nature-based destinations? Abstracts of the 2002 Symposium on Leisure. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Tampa, Florida.

Loda, M. D., Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C., (2002). Always on my mind: recall of daily travel occurrences. 32nd Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (2001). Conceptualizing a mindful visitor to nature-based destinations and their support for sustainable resource management practices. Abstracts of the 2001 Symposium on Leisure. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Denver, Colorado.

Daniels, M., Henry, M., Norman, W. Backman, S., & Backman, K. (2001). Determining the relative economic impacts of a large sport tourism event. Abstracts of the 2001 Symposium on Leisure. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Denver, Colorado.

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Lankford, S., Williams, A., Pfister, R., Lankford, J, & Norman, W. (2001). An exploratory study of the impacts of tourism on outdoor recreation experiences. Abstracts of the 2001 Symposium on Leisure. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Denver, Colorado.

Norman, W. C., McClinton, T., & Martin, B. (2001). Segmenting wildlife tourists using Shackley’s wildlife watching model. 32nd Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Daniels, M. J. & Norman, W. C., (2001). Uncertainty reduction theory: A means of exploring travel Information seeking. 32nd Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Marsinko, A., Norman, W., & McClinton, T. J. (2001). A comparison of tourists and locals to National Estuarine Research Reserve sites. Proceedings of the 2000 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, Bolton Landing, New York. General Technical Report, USDA Forest Service.

Norman, W. C., Daniels, M., & Pelletier, C. R. (2000). An examination of leisure constraints and self-efficacy across the leisure career of amateur alpine skiers. Abstracts from the 2000 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Phoenix, AZ.

Frauman, E. & Norman, W. C. (2000). Mindfulness, motives and Information services: an activity-based segmentation of tourists. 31st Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Petrick, J. F., Morais, D. D., & Norman, W. C. (2000). An examination of the determinants of entertainment vacationers’ intentions to revisit. 31st Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Norman, W. C., McClinton, T. J., & Martin, B. (1999). A profile of visitors to national estuarine research reserves: implications for interpretive programs. Proceedings of the 1999International Symposium on Coastal and Marine Tourism. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Sea Grant.

Norman, W. C., & Carlson, M. N. (1999). An investigation of the seeking-escaping theory as a segmentation tool in tourism marketing. 30th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Frauman, E., Norman, W. C., and Martin, B. S. (1999). The efficacy of mindfulness in the market segmentation of nature tourists. 30th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Ross, S. D., Norman, W. C., & Martin, B. (1999). The application of conjoint analysis in nature-based tourism product development: A case study of a proposed interpretive center in South Carolina’s ACE Basin. 30th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Lee, C., Allen, L., Backman, K., & Norman, W. C. (1999). Determinants of tourist attachment to selected destinations: the influences of selected variables on destination attachment. 30th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Shepard, A. G., Norman, W. C., Grove, S. J., McLellan, R. W., & McGuire, F. A. (1999). Dissimilar intention to revisit: Pre-vacation differences among similarly satisfied vacationers. 30th Annual Conference Proceedings. Boise, Idaho: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

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Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (1999). Mindful visitors and nature-based destinations. Abstracts from the 1999 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Nashville, Tennessee.

Norman, W. C., Pelletier, C. R., & McGuire, F. A. (1998). The role of perceived constraints and self-efficacy in the intentions of downhill skiers. Abstracts from the 1998 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Miami, Florida.

Petrick, J. F., Backman, S. J., Norman, W. C., & Bixler, R. D. (1998). Analysis of golfer motivations and constraints by experience use history. Abstracts from the 1998 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Miami, Florida.

Kibler, T., Norman, W. C., & Ross, S. (1998). Assessing the image of South Carolina as a nature-based tourism destination brand: A case study. 29th Annual Conference Proceedings. Lexington, Kentucky: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Backman, K. F., Petrick, J., Backman, S. J., & Norman, W. C. (1998). Branding of public outdoor recreation: An examination of Cleveland Metropark’s golf courses. 29th Annual Conference Proceedings. Lexington, Kentucky: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Frauman, E., Norman, W. C., & Klenosky, D. (1997). The application of means-end theory to understanding interpretive service users. Abstracts from the 1997 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Klenosky, D., Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (1997). A means-end analytic approach to understanding the factors influencing tourist choice behavior. 28th Annual Conference Proceedings. Lexington, Kentucky: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Shepard, A. G., Norman, W. C., & Grove, S. J., McLellan, R. W., & McGuire, F. A. (1997). Tourism as a lasting service product. Abstracts from the 1997 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Norman, W. C., Harwell, R., & Allen, L. R. (1997). The role of recreation on the quality of life of residents in rural communities in South Carolina. In Developments in Quality-of-Life Studies: Proceedings of the First Conference of the International Society of Quality-of-Life Studies - Volume 1. Charlotte, North Carolina.

Lee, C., & Norman, W. C. (1996). An application of the family life cycle to understanding tourism behavior and attitudes. Abstracts from the 1996 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Kansas City, Missouri.

Shepard, A. G., & Norman, W. C. (1996). Time and Time again?: An examination of vacation satisfaction and intention to re-visit. Abstracts from the 1996 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Kansas City, Missouri.

Norman, W. C. (1995). Perceived constraints: A new approach to segmenting the vacation travel markets. Abstracts from the 1995 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, San Antonio, Texas.

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Norman, W. C., Fieber, P. C., & Clements, C. J. (1994). The involvement of parks and recreation in the community tourism system: The case of Wisconsin municipal park and recreation providers. Abstracts from the 1994 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Norman, W. C. (1994). The role of tourism in local public park and recreation agencies. Travel and Tourism Research Association 25th Annual Conference Proceedings. Wheat Ridge, CO: Travel and Tourism Research Association.

Norman, W. C. (1992). An investigation of the relationship between leisure constraints and the recreation specialization of current participants. Abstracts from the 1992 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Norman, W. C. (1991). The influence of constraints on the generic decision of whether or not to take a summer vacation trip. Abstracts from the 1991 Symposium on Leisure Research. NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Baltimore, Maryland.

Norman, W. C. (1991). Factors influencing Midwesterners' decision to take a summer vacation trip. In B. Koth , G. Kreag, & J. Sem (Eds.). First Minnesota Tourism, Travel and Recreation Research Forum (pp. 23-30). Bloomington, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Extension Tourism Center.

Norman, W. C. (1990). The affect of constraints on vacation travel decisions. Proceedings of the 11th Annual CenStates TTRA Conference, Des Moines, Iowa.

Presentations and Invited Lectures:

Conference Paper and Poster Presentations (Refereed):

Ahn, Y. J, Wooten, M. H., Norman, W. C., & McGuire, F. A. (Accepted). Travel benefits and adaptive strategies among senior travelers. Paper to be presented in the Leisure Research Symposium at the 2010 National Recreation and Park Association Congress, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Jodice, L., Norman, W. C., Carpio, C., Lacher, G., & Oh, C. O. (2010). Assessing tourist demand for traditional coastal dependent businesses on the South Carolina Coast. Paper presented at 22nd International Conference of the Coastal Society in Wilmington, North Carolina, June 13-16, 2010.

Loda, M., & Norman, W. C. (2010). What's the buzz: web or publicity? Poster presented at the American Marketing Association Advanced Research Techniques Forum in San Francisco, California, June 19, 2010.

Huang, W. J., Hallo, J. C., Norman, W. C., McGehee, N. G., & McGee, J. (2010). To plan or not to plan: serendipitous vs. organized travel. Paper presented at the 41st Annual Conference of the Travel and Tourism Research Association, San Antonio, Texas, June 20-22, 2010.

Lacher, R. G., Oh, C. O., Norman, W. C., & Jodice, L. J. (2010). Tourism and local character in South Carolina: a stated preference based demand analysis. Paper presented at the 41st Annual Conference of the Travel and Tourism Research Association, San Antonio, Texas, June 20-22, 2010.

Song, H. J., Lee, C. K., & Norman, W. C. (2010). Influential factors on Korean casino visitor’s gambling intention: an application of the model of goal-directed behavior. Paper presented at 41st Annual Conference of the Travel and Tourism Research Association, San Antonio, Texas, June 20-22, 2010.

Goetcheus, C., Hallo, J., McGee, J., McGehee, N., Norman, W., & Oh, C. O (2010). Place-base

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tourism along the Blue Ridge Parkway: A two county study at Rocky Knob. Paper presented at Imagining the Blue Ridge Parkway for the 21st Century, Part 1: History, Scenery, Conservation, and Community in Boone, North Carolina, April 22-24, 2010.

Parker, J., McGuire, F. A., & Norman, W. C. (2009). Family summer vacation trips and academic achievement among first graders: Results from a national study. Paper presented at 2009 National Vacation Matters Summit, Seattle, Washington.

Woosnam, K. M., Draper, J., & Norman, W. C. (2009). Now that we are here: From vacationer to resident in two South Carolina counties. Paper presented at 2009 National Vacation Matters Summit, Seattle, Washington.

Woosnam, K. M, & Norman, W. C. (2009). Scale development and factor structure confirmation of constructs within Durkheim's theoretical framework of emotional solidarity. Paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association's Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Norman, W. C., Ying, T., & Chen, X. (2008). Thoroughbred Country Tourist Conversion and destination branding study. Paper presented at 2008 the International Society for the Study of Recreation Management, Burlington, Vermont.

Draper, J. & Norman, W. C. (2008). Oconee County, South Carolina Resident Vision, Attitude and Tourism Strategy Priority Study. Paper presented at 2008 the International Society for the Study of Recreation Management, Burlington, Vermont.

Holladay, P. J., Schmalz, D. L., & Norman, W. C. (2008). Reels, Remingtons, and reputations: stereotypes of anglers and hunters. Poster presented at 2008 the International Society for the Study of Recreation Management, Burlington, Vermont.

Ying, T., Shenoy, S., & Norman, W. C. (2008). Classifying food tourists: a comparison of three approaches. Paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association's Annual Conference, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Jodice, L.W. (2007). Seafood and Tourism: What are we talking about? Presentation in the Seafood and Tourism Workshop at the 5th Coastal & Marine Tourism Congress, Auckland, New Zealand.

Woosnam, K. & Norman, W. C. (2007). Demand for tourism in a transitioning rural South Carolina area: The case of Union County, South Carolina. Paper presented at the Southeast Travel & Tourism Research Association’s 2007 Tourism Research Symposium & Annual Meeting, Biloxi, Mississippi.

Dixon, A.W., Draper, J., Norman, W.C., Backman, S., Backman, K., & Brookover, R. (2007). Segmenting sport tourists by days attended: Implications for event management and marketing. Paper presented at the Southeast Travel & Tourism Research Association’s 2007 Tourism Research Symposium & Annual Meeting, Biloxi, Mississippi.

Jordan, E., Chancellor C. & Norman, W. C. (2007). Who is a Tourists? A Comparison of Straight Line and Driving Distances. Illustrated paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association's Annual Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada.

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Dixon, A., Backman, S., Norman, W., Backman, K. & Brookover, R. (2007). Expenditure-based segmentation of sport tourists. Paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association's Annual Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada.

Chancellor, H. C. & Norman, W. C. (2007). Tourism entities and land trusts’ current collaboration efforts. Paper presented at the Leisure Research Symposium at the 2007 National Recreation and Park Association Congress, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Wooten, M. H. & Norman, W. C. (2007). Uncovering the symbolic meaning of a cultural special event. Paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association's Annual Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada.

Wooten, M. H., & Norman, W. C. (2007). Analysis of symbolic meanings of a special event. Paper presented at National Park and Recreation Association conference, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Wooten, M. H., & Norman, W. C. (2007). The meaning of special events. Paper presented at 5th Bi-Annual Symposium of Consumer Psychology of Tourism, Hospitality, and Leisure. Charleston, South Carolina.

Jodice, L. W., Norman, W. C., & Shenoy, S. (2006). Preferences for local caught shrimp among coastal tourists in South Carolina. Paper presented at the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade’s 13 Biennial Conference, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.

Kyle, G., Wynveen, C., Absher, J., & Norman, W. (2006). Assessing the contribution of the physical Environment to place bonding. Paper presented at the 2006 Leisure Research Symposium of the Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Seattle, Washington.

Loda, M. D., & Norman, W. C. (2006). Testing a conceptual framework for the study of persuasive communication in tourism marketing. Illustrated paper presented at the 37th Annual Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA) Conference, Dublin, Ireland.

McElroy, K., Norman, W. C., & Jodice, L. W. (2006). The effects of trip characteristics on new product development: An application in South Carolina of new shrimp-related tourism products. Paper presented at the 37th Annual Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA) Conference, Dublin, Ireland.

Woosnam, K.M., Norman, W.C., Jodice, L.W., & Shenoy, S. (2006). Shrimp and the seafood tourist: Results from the 2004 South Carolina Coastal Tourism Survey. Paper presented at the 12th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management (ISSRM) Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Woosnam, K. M., Norman, W. C., & Larkin, K. W. (2006). The social construction of place attachment among residents in a gateway community: A case study of Isle au Haut, Maine. Illustrated paper presented at the 37th Annual Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA) Conference, Dublin, Ireland.

Draper, J., Shenoy, S., & Norman, W. C. (2006). Segmenting agritourists: implications for marketing and collaborative partnerships. Paper presented at Southeast Travel and Tourism Research Association Conference, Sarasota, Florida.

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McElroy, K., Norman, W. C., Jodice, L. W., & McGehee, N. (2006). Coastal Agritourism: Case Studies in Integrating the Gulf and South Atlantic Shrimp Industry with Tourism. Poster presented at the Southeastern Recreation Research Conference (SERR). Wilmington, North Carolina.

McElroy, K., Woosnam, K., Arsal, I., Norman, W. (2006). Collaborative tourism planning: An application of shrimp tourism across multiple coastal regions in South Carolina. Paper presented at Southeast Travel and Tourism Research Association Conference, Sarasota, Florida.

Woosnam, K. M., Jodice, L. W., & Norman, W. C. (2006). Building collaborative capacity among South Carolina marine recreational fishing stakeholders. Poster presented at the 28th Annual Southeastern Recreation Research (SERR) Conference, Wilmington, NC.

Wooten, M., & Norman, W. C. (2006). A big ol’ party of southern hospitality: Socialization as a motive to attend the Kentuck Festival of the Arts. Poster presented at the 28th Annual Southeastern Recreation Research (SERR) Conference, Wilmington, NC.

Chancellor, C., & Norman, W. C. (2005). Land Trusts and Tourism Organizations: AFirst Step toward Determining their Collaboration Potential. Paper presented at the 2005 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Daniels, M. J., Norman, W. C., & Lawton, L. J. (2005). Sport Tourism across the Lifespan. Poster presented at the 2005 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Ismert, M., Norman, W. C., & Jodice, L. (2005). Identifying and using tourism market niches: Results for the South Carolina coastal shrimp and tourism project. Paper presented at Southeast Travel and Tourism Research Association Conference, Biloxi, Mississippi.

Ismert, M., McElroy, K., Norman, W. & Jodice, L. (2005). Behavior segmentation of coastal visitors and the relationship to the five phases of the travel experience: Results from the South Carolina coastal shrimp and tourism project. Paper presented at the 2005 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Jodice, L.W., W.C. Norman, and S. Shenoy. (2005). Is the coastal tourist still looking fora local seafood experience? Paper presented at Coastal Zone 2005: Balancing on the Edge, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Kyle, G., Norman, W. C. & Jodice, L. (2005). Segmenting anglers using their place meaning profiles. Paper presented at the 2005 Southeastern Recreation Research Conference, Savannah, Georgia.

McElroy, K., Norman, W. C., & Jodice, L. (2005). The role of shrimp in the coastal visitor’s travel experience: Implications for the travel and tourism Industry. Paper presented at Southeast Travel and Tourism Research Association Conference, Biloxi, Mississippi.

Rozier, S. A. J., Norman, W., & Backman, K. F. (2005). The affect of trip patterns on visitors’ potential to take a side trip. Paper presented at the 2005 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Shenoy, S., & Norman, W. C. (2005). Culinary tourist: empirical evidence. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Culinary Tourism, San Francisco, California.

Shenoy, S., Norman, W. & Jodice, L. (2005). The discriminating taste of culinary tourists. Paper

20

to be presented at the 2005 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Shenoy, S., Norman, W. C., Jodice, L. (2005). What is the coastal tourist looking for in a local seafood experience? Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Culinary Tourism, San Francisco, California.

Wooten, M., Shenoy, S. Norman, W. & Jodice, L. (2005). The Effect of setting and object on visitor experience: The case of the Beaufort Shrimp Festival. Paper presented at the 2005 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Loda, M. D., & Norman, W. C. (2004). The communicative effect of message presentation and sequencing. Paper presented at the 2004 National Communication Association Annual Convention.

Loda, M. D., & Norman, W. (2004). The persuasive effect of integrating advertising and publicity on a tourism destination. Paper presented at the 2004 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Norman, W., Jodice, L., & Shenoy, S. (2004). A profile of the seafood tourist. Paper presented at the International Culinary Tourism Association Conference in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Norman, W., Shenoy, S., & Jodice, L. (2004). A profile of the seafood tourist. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Society and Management in Keystone, Colorado.

Wooten, M. Norman, W., & Backman, K. F. (2004). Sculpture as tourism: An investigation of the South Carolina Botanical Garden's nature-based sculpture-program. Poster presented at the Southeast Recreation Research Conference in Charleston, South Carolina.

Chancellor, H. C., Post, C. J., & Norman, W. C. (2003). A decision assisting GIS model: an Aid to tourism resource protection. Poster presented at the 2003 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri.

Martin, B., Thomas, M. Ibarra, S. & Norman, W. (2003). The Cullowhee Jazz Festival: A University Sponsored Festival. Poster presented at the 2003 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri.

Wooten M. H., & Norman, W. C. (2003). The affect of seasonality on the South Carolina Artisans Center. Poster presented at the 2003 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri.

Norman, W. C., Backman, S., & Backman, K. (2002). The changing face of tourism economic impact analysis. Paper presented at the 2002 National Extension Tourism Conference, Traverse City, Michigan.

Norman, W. C., & Backman, K. F., (2002). The Clemson University Sustainable Agritourism Project. Poster presented at National Extension Tourism Conference, Traverse City, Michigan.

Chancellor, H. C,, & Norman, W. C. (2002). Testing the efficacy of trip patterns to explain visitors to a rural mountain county. Poster presented at the 2002 Leisure Research Symposium of the Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Tampa, Florida.

Chancellor, H. C., & Norman, W. C. (2002). Modeling travel patterns of tourists to natural attractions in Western North Carolina. Paper presented at the Ninth Sixth International Symposium on

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Society and Resource Management, Bloomington, Indiana.

Chancellor, H. C., & Norman, W. C. (2002). An analysis of the travel patterns of nature based tourists to Western North Carolina. Poster presented at the Southeast Recreation Research Conference, Athens, Georgia.

Daniels, M. J., Norman, W. C., & Henry, M. S. (2002). A comparison of social accounting matrix modeling techniques for estimating the personal income distribution effects of a sport tourism event across different household income levels. Paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, Washington, D.C.

Daniels, M. J., Norman, W. C., & Henry, M. S. (2002). Occupation-based modeling as a means of assessing the income effects of sport tourism. Paper presented at the 2002 Leisure Research Symposium of the Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Tampa, Florida.

Daniels, M. J., Norman, W. C., & Henry, M. S. (2002). Alternatives for estimating the impacts of a tourism event across host county income groups. Paper presented at the 2002 IMPLAN Users Conference. New Orleans, LA.

Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (2002). Why should a mindful visitor be distinguished from other visitors at nature-based destinations? Paper presented at the 2002 Leisure Research Symposium of the Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Tampa, Florida.

Loda, M. D., Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C., (2002). Always on my mind: recall of daily travel occurrences. Poster presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, Washington, D.C.

Loda, M. D., Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2002). Tourism marketing: Investing in the best information sources. Poster presented at the Southeast Recreation Research Conference, Athens, Georgia.

Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (2001). Conceptualizing a mindful visitor to nature-based destinations and their support for sustainable resource management practices. Paper presented at the 2001 Symposium on Leisure Research of the Congress for Recreation and Parks, Denver, Colorado.

Daniels, M., Henry, M., Norman, W., Backman, S., & Backman, K. (2001). Determining the relative economic impacts of a large sport tourism event. Poster presented at the 2001 Symposium on Leisure Research of the Congress for Recreation and Parks, Denver, Colorado.

Lankford, S., Williams, A., Pfister, R., Lankford, J, & Norman, W. (2001). An exploratory study of the impacts of tourism on outdoor recreation experiences. Poster presented at the 2001 Symposium on Leisure Research of the Congress for Recreation and Parks, Denver, Colorado.

Norman, W. C., McClinton, T., & Martin, B. (2001). Segmenting wildlife tourists using Shackley’s wildlife watching model. Paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, Ft. Myers, Florida.

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Daniels, M. J. & Norman, W. C., (2001). Uncertainty reduction theory: a means of exploring travel Information seeking. Paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, Ft. Myers, Florida.

Chancellor, H. C, & Norman, W. C. (2001). Ashepoo, Combahee, Edisto (ACE) Basin National Estuary Research Reserve visitors: Who are they and what are their activity and educational interests? Paper presented at the Southeast Recreation Research Conference, Asheville, North Carolina.

Norman, W. C., Daniels, M., & Pelletier, C. R. (2000). An examination of leisure constraints and self-efficacy across the leisure career of amateur alpine skiers. Paper presented at the 2000 Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Phoenix, Arizona.

Frauman, E. & Norman, W. C. (2000). Mindfulness, motives and Information services: an activity-based segmentation of tourists. Paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Burbank, California.

Marsinko, A., Norman, W., & McClinton, T. J. (2000). A comparison of tourists and locals to National Estuarine Research Reserve sites. Paper presented at the Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, Bolton Landing, New York.

Petrick, J. F., Morais, D. D., & Norman, W. C. (2000). An examination of the determinants of entertainment vacationers’ intentions to revisit. Paper presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Burbank, California.

Daniels, M. J., & Norman, W. C. (2000). Serious leisure scale development and testing. Paper presented at the Southeast Recreation Research Conference, Charleston, South Carolina.

Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (1999). Mindful visitors and nature-based destinations. Paper presented at the 1999 Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Nashville, Tennessee.

Norman, W. C., & Carlson, M. N. (1999). An investigation of the seeking-escaping theory as a segmentation tool in tourism marketing. Paper presented at Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Frauman, E., Norman, W. C., & Martin, B. S. (1999). The efficacy of mindfulness in the market segmentation of nature tourists. Paper presented at Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Ross, S. D., Norman, W. C., & Martin, B. (1999). The application of conjoint analysis in nature-based tourism product development: A case study of a proposed interpretive center in South Carolina’s ACE Basin. Paper presented at Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Lee, C., Allen, L., Backman, K., & Norman, W. C. (1999). Determinants of tourist attachment to selected destinations: The influences of selected variables on destination attachment. Poster presented at Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

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Sheppard, A. G., Norman, W. C., Grove, S. J., McLellan, R. W., & McGuire, F. A. (1999). Dissimilar intention to revisit: Pre-vacation differences among similarly satisfied vacationers. Poster presented at Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Ross, S. D., Norman, W. C., & Martin, B. (1999). The application of conjoint analysis in the development of interpretive centers. Paper presented at the Southeastern Recreation Research Conference, Gatlinburg, Tennessee.

Norman, W. C., McClinton, T. J., & Martin, B. (1999). A profile of visitors to national estuarine research reserves: implications for interpretive programs. Paper presented at the 1999 International Symposium on Coastal and Marine Tourism, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (1999). Mindful visitors and sustainable resource management practices. Paper presented at the Southeastern Recreation Research Conference, Gatlinburg, Tennessee.

Kibler, T., Norman, W. C., & Ross, S. (1998). Assessing the image of South Carolina as a nature-based tourism destination brand: A case study. Poster presented at the 1998 Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Ft. Worth, Texas.

Norman, W. C., Harwell, R., & Allen, L. R. (1997). The role of recreation on the quality of life of residents in rural communities in South Carolina. Paper presented at the First Conference of the International Quality of Life Studies, Charlotte, North Carolina.

Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (1997). Examining the differences between day trippers and overnight travelers to Upstate South Carolina State Parks: Implications for interpretive services. Paper presented at the 1997 Southeastern Recreation Research Conference, Charleston, South Carolina.

Frauman, E., Norman, W. C., & Klenosky, D. (1997). The application of means-end theory to understanding interpretive service users. Paper presented at the 1997 Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Klenosky, D., Frauman, E., & Norman, W. C. (1997). A means-end analytic approach to understanding the factors influencing tourist choice behavior. Paper presented at the 1997 Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Norfolk, Virginia.

Shepard, A. G., Norman, W. C., & Grove, S. J., McLellan, R. W., & McGuire, F. A. (1997). Tourism as a lasting service product. Paper presented at the 1997 Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Norman, W. C., Backman, S. J., Marcouiller, D. W., & Hamilton, S. (1996). A comparison of a special event’s visitors by membership in the sponsoring organization: The need for developing distinct marketing strategies. Paper presented at the Festivals and Events Research Symposium of the IFEA Convention, Orlando, Florida.

Norman, W. C. & Frauman, E. (1996). Green evaluations, a monitoring system for nature tour operators: A case study. Paper presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, University Park, Pennsylvania.

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Frauman, E. & Norman, W. C. (1996).Utilizing the means-end chain theory: A response to Knapp’s call for a credible theoretical model of behavior modification. Paper presented at the 1996 National Interpretor’s Workshop, Billings, Montana.

Lee, C., & Norman, W. C. (1996). An application of the family life cycle to understanding tourism behavior and attitudes. Paper presented at the 1996 Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Kansas City, Missouri.

Marcouiller, D. W., Norman, W. C. Anderson, A., & Stoecker, A. (1996). Valuing management attributes of a trout fishery resource: A case study of Southwestern Wisconsin. Paper presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, University Park, Pennsylvania.

Shepard, A. G., & Norman, W. C. (1996). Time and Time again?: An examination of vacation satisfaction and intention to re-visit. Paper presented at the 1996 Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Kansas City, Missouri.

Wood, M. E., Norman, W., Frauman, E. & Toepper, L. (1996). The green evaluation program: Preliminary results from a pilot ecotourism monitoring program for nature tour operators. Paper presented at The Ecotourism Equation: Measuring the Impacts, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Norman, W. C. (1995). Perceived constraints: A new approach to segmenting the vacation travel market. Paper presented at the 1995 Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, San Antonio, Texas.

Marcouiller, D., Norman, W., Green, G., Deller, S., Sumathi, N. R., & Erkilla, D. (1995). Information and regional choice in recreational housing. Paper presented at the Mid-Continent Regional Science Association Annual Meetings, St. Louis, Missouri.

Norman, W. C., Fieber, P. C., & Clements, C. J. (1994). The involvement of parks and recreation in the community tourism system: The case of Wisconsin municipal park and recreation providers. Paper presented at the 1994 Symposium on Leisure Research of the NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Norman, W. C., Fieber, P. C., & Larkin, K. W. (1994). The role of tourism in local public park and recreation agencies. Poster presentation at the Travel and Tourism Research Association 25th Annual Conference, Bal Harbour, Florida.

Norman, W. C. (1992). An investigation of the relationship between leisure constraints and the recreation specialization of current participants. Paper presented at the Research Symposium of the 1991 NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Norman, W. C. (1991). The influence of constraints on the generic decision of whether or not to take a summer vacation trip. Paper presented at the Research Symposium of the 1991 NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Baltimore, Maryland.

Norman, W. C. (1991). Integrating recent advances in leisure constraints research into the leisure, recreation, park, and tourism curriculum. Paper presented at the 1991 NRPA Congress for Recreation and Parks, Baltimore, Maryland.

Norman, W. C. (1990). The affect of constraints on vacation travel decisions. Paper presented at 11th Annual CenStates TTRA, Des Moines, Iowa.

25

Norman, W. C. (1985). A profile of Michigan bed and breakfast lodging establishments. Paper presented at Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, East Lansing, Michigan.

Invited Presentations:

Norman, W. (2010). It’s all about me and all about we. Presentation to be made at the Northeast Georgia Mountains Travel Association’s Winter Chautauqua. Dillard, Georgia. March 14-15, 2010.

Norman, W. (2010). Should my research agenda be set by people complaining in the newspaper? Position statement to be presented at the Southeastern Recreation Research conference in Greenville, South Carolina, February 21-23, 2010.

Norman, W. C. (2010). Agritourism research: The Clemson campus connection. Invited presentation at the Agritourism Workshop. January5-6, 2010, Columbia, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (2009). Education in motion. Invited panelist at the Southeast Tourism Society Fall Meeting. September 10, 2009, Atlanta, Georgia.

Norman, W. C. (2008). Current trends in politics, travel and vacation habits. Invited Presentation at the Carolina Regional Meeting of the American Resort Development Association. September 22, 2008, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (2005). Regional tourism. Presentation at the South Carolina Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects’ Annual Conference, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.

Norman, B. & Jodice, L. (2005). Understanding the South Carolina Coastal Visitor: An overview of research, 1995-2005. Presentation to the Managing Visitor Use in Coastal and Marine Protected Areas, Charleston, South Carolina.

Norman, B. (2004). Agri-tourism. Presentation to Ag in the Classroom Teacher Institute, Greenville, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (2003). Who are agritourists? The key to marketing agritourism products and experiences. Presentation at Virginia Governor’s Conference on Tourism, Tyson’s Corners, Virginia.

Norman, W. C. (2002). An examination of the economic impact of sport tourism events in South Carolina. Presentation at Sports Summit 2002, Charleston, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (2002). The tourism industry. Presentation at the 2002 U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course, Clemson, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (2002). Agri-tourism. Presentation at the Sustainable Agriculture, Forestry and Horticulture Futures Conference, Clemson University, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (2001). The tourism industry. Presentation at the 2001 U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course, Clemson, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (2000). The tourism industry. Presentation at the 2000 U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course, Clemson, South Carolina.

26

Norman, W. C. (2000). The need for a comprehensive analysis of the current and potential economic impact of sport tourism in South Carolina. Presentation at the meeting of South Carolina’s Sports Development Office, Columbia, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C., McClinton, T. J., & Martin, B. (2000). Segmenting wildlife watchers: implications for the nature-based tourism industry. Presentation at the Nature-based Tourism Opportunities Workshop, Georgetown, South Carolina.

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Norman, W. C. (1999). Tourism: Ways and Means. Presentation at the 1999 U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course, Clemson, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (1999). The travel experience and tourism management: Perspectives from modern works of fiction and nonfiction. Presentation at Clemson University’s Roy and Marnie Pearce Center for Communication End of the Semester Symposium.

Norman, W. C. (1999). Peaches and beaches: The relationship between tourism and peach growers and roadside market owners. Presentation at the National/Southeastern Peach and National Roadside Market Convention, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (1999). The future of roadside markets–Panel discussion. Panelist at the National/Southeastern Peach and National Roadside Market Convention, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (1998). Ag-tourism as a diversification strategy. Presentation at theCarolina Exotic Mushroom Association. Saluda, South Carolina.

Norman, C. A., Norman, W. C., & Bixler, R. D. (1998). Professors are from Pluto, practitioners are from earth: A practical guide for improving communication and getting what you want in your research. Paper presented at the 1998 NCPRS/SCRPA Joint Conference, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Ross, S. & Norman, W. C. (1998). Research on the proposed Edisto Island Interpretive Center. Presentation at South Carolina Department of Natural Resources public hearing, Edisto Beach State Park, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (1998). Ag-tourism as a diversification strategy. Presentation at the Southeastern In-service Training on Stone Fruits. Edgefield, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (1998). The tourism industry. Presentation at the 1998 U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course, Clemson, South Carolina.

Backman, K. F., Petrick, J., Backman, S. J., & Norman, W. C. (1998). Branding of public outdoor recreation: An examination of Cleveland Metropark’s golf courses. Panel presentation at the 1998 Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Ft. Worth, Texas.

Norman, W. C. (1998). Recommendations on the development of North Carolina StateUniversity’s Cooperative Extension Service Outreach and Research Program and the North Carolina Center for Rural Tourism Development. Presentation at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (1997). The tourism industry. Presentation at the 1997 U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course, Clemson, South Carolina.

Kibler, T., Norman, W. C., & Marshall, W. (1997). Nature and agriculture based tourism. Presentation at the 1997 Agriculture and Natural Resource Workshop, Clemson, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (1996). Keynote Speaker and Group Facilitator, Fall River, Massachusetts Chamber of Commerce Travel and Tourism Retreat, Fall River, Massachusetts.

Norman, B. (1996). A community approach to nature-based tourism. Paper presented at 1996 Recreation in Small Communities (RISC) Conference, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Norman, B., Kibler, T., & Mullis, C. (1996). Nature-based tourism: the total package. Presentation at the 4th Annual Nature-based Tourism Conference, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Wicks, B. & Norman, B. (1996). Evaluating your festival or special event. Presentation made at the 1996 Festival and Event Managers’ Workshop, Clemson, South Carolina.

Backman, S. & Norman, B. (1996). Profiling the nature lover. Presentation made at the Developing Naturally Workshop, Clemson, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (1995). The tourism industry. Presentation at the 1995 U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course, Clemson, South Carolina.

Norman, W. C. (1995). The importance of Native American culture in vacation destination selection. Paper presented at the Tourism Association of New Mexico's Tourism Research Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Norman, W. C., & Fieber, P. C. (1993). Tourism and your community agency. Paper presented at the Wisconsin Park and Recreation Association Annual Conference, Madison, Wisconsin.

Norman, W. C. (1990). Factors influencing Midwesterners' decision to take a summervacation trip. Paper presented at Minnesota Tourism, Travel and Recreation Research Forum, Bloomington, Minnesota.

Norman, W. C. (1988). Findings from the University of Minnesota's bed and breakfast market research project. Paper presented at Minnesota State Bed and Breakfast Conference, Stillwater, Minnesota.

Research Grants:

Pre-Proposal:

2010, Southwest in the Southeast: The Impact of the Arrival of Southwest Airlines in South Carolina. Proposal submitted to the Greenville Chamber of Commerce. Co-Principal Investigators: David Barkley (Applied Economics) and Anne Dunning (Planning and Landscape Architecture). Co-investigators: Mark Henry (Applied Economics) and William Norman (PRTM). Amount requested: $250,038.

Submitted:

2010, Public Transportation’s Statewide Return on Investment and Ability to Meet the Needs of South Carolina’s Key Economic Development Sectors. Proposal submitted to the South Carolina Department of Commerce. Principal Investigator: David Hughes (Applied Economics). Co-investigators: Ronnie Chowdhury (Civil Engineering), David Barkley and Mark S. Henry (Applied Economics), and Jeffrey Hallo and William Norman (PRTM). Amount requested: $366,534.

Funded:

2009-10, Development of an Action plan to Increase Sustainable and Regionally Appropriate use of Natural and Historic Resources in Union County, South Carolina. United States Forest Service. $90,000. Co-Principal Investigators: Jeffrey Hallo, William Norman and Robert Brookover.

2008-10, Pee Dee Regional Agritourism Initiative. United States Department of Agriculture, RBEG Grant # #005 46-039-576000254. $96,866. Principal Investigator: Blake Lanford. Co-Investigators: Dr. David Lamie, Dr. Robert Brookover, Laurie Jodice and Dr. William Norman.

2009, Tourism Product Development Plan for Pickens County, South Carolina. Pickens County Office of Special Programs, $15,000. Co-principal Investigators: William C. Norman and Robert Brookover.

2008-09, Building Sustainable Community-Based Economic Development and Management Linkages between Traditional Coastal-Dependent Business and South Carolina’s Recreation and Tourism Industry. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, $101,103. Co-Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and David Hughes.

2008-2009, Sustainable Tourism Destination/Centerpiece Project for Floyd and Patrick Counties in Southwestern Virginia in the Rocky Knob Area Associated with the Blue Ridge Parkway. United States National Park Service and Blue Ridge Heritage, Inc., $266,202. Co-Principal Investigators: Dr. Nancy G. McGehee (Virginia Tech) and Dr. Jeffrey Hallo (Clemson University).

2007-08, Oconee County Resident Survey. Oconee County, SC. $6,000. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

2007-08, Thoroughbred Country Tourist Conversion and Destination Branding Study. Lower Savannah Council of Governments. $14,000. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman

2006-07, Recreation Resource Management Competency-Improvement Project. USDA Forest Service, $46,978.14. Co-Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and Dr. Brett Wight.

2006, Economic Impacts of a proposed Cycling Center in Rock Hill, South Carolina, Rock Hill Dept of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, $10,000. Co-Principal Investigators: W. C. Norman and M. S. Henry.

2005-06, South Carolina Marine Recreational Fishing Needs Assessment for Prioritizing Extension/ Outreach and Research, South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium. $10,000. Co-Principal investigators: William C. Norman and Laurie Jodice.

2005-06, Economic Impacts of a Proposed Velodrome in Rock Hill, South Carolina, Rock Hill Dept of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, $5,000. Co-Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and Mark S. Henry.

2004-06, A Study of the Economic Impact of the MCI Heritage, Heritage Classic Foundation, $48,340. Principal Investigator: Sheila J. Backman, Co-investigators: William C. Norman, Kenneth F. Backman, Robert Brookover and Mark Henry (Applied Economics and Statistics).

2003-05, Santee-Cooper Fishing Tourism Marketing Study, Recreation Boating and Fishing Foundation and Santee-Cooper Country, $27,230. Co-Principal Investigators: William C. Norman, Laurie Jodice, Gerard Kyle and Alan Marsinko (Department of Forestry).

2003-04, Shrimp and Culinary Tourism, Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Foundation, $41,000. Co-Principal Investigators: Laurie Jodice, Johnny MacGregor (Department of Food Science) and Marge Condrasky (Department of Food Science).

2003-04, Shrimp and Tourism in South Carolina, National Marine Fisheries Resources (NOAA), Part of the $400,000 Clemson University South Carolina Shrimp Fishery Assistance Project, $50,781.00. Co-Principal Investigators: William C. Norman Laurie Jodice.

2003-04, Lower Berkeley County Tourism Marketing Study, Charleston Area Convention and Visitors Bureau, $6,750. Co-Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and Kenneth F. Backman.

2003-04, Lower Berkeley County Nature-based Tourism Marketing Study, Alcoa, $10,000. Co-Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and Kenneth F. Backman.

2003-04, Fran Hanson Discovery Center: A Visitor Profile and Inquiry into Theme and Efficacy of Its Purpose, South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, $6,315. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

2003-04, Fran Hanson Discovery Center: A Visitor Profile and Inquiry into Theme and Efficacy of Its Purpose, Mountain Lakes Region, South Carolina National Heritage Corridor. $4,000. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

2003-04, A marketing and economic analysis of visitors to the South Carolina Botanical Gardens’ Nature-Based Sculpture Program, $3,000. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

2002-03, Economic Impact of an Eight Field Multi-Purpose Soccer Complex in Rock Hill, South Carolina, Rock Hill Dept of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, $3,000. Co-Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and Mark S. Henry.

2001-02, A comprehensive analysis of the current and potential economic impact of sport tourism in South Carolina, South Carolina Commission on Higher Education, $80,000. Co-principal Investigators: William C. Norman, Mark S. Henry and R. Don Rice.

2001, A profile of tourists to Jackson County, North Carolina, Jackson County Travel and Tourism Authority, $6,500. Principal Investigators: Charles Chancellor and William C. Norman.

1999-2000, A study of the economic impact of the MCI Classic–Heritage of Golf. Heritage Classic Foundation and South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, $40,000. Principal Investigator: Sheila J. Backman, Co-investigators: Kenneth F. Backman, Cathy Claussen, Mark Henry and William C. Norman.

1998, A study of potential visitors to the proposed Edisto Island Interpretive Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) through South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, $10,000. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

1997-98, A profile of visitors to National Estuarine Research Reserves: Implications for interpretive programs, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) through South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, $24,500. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

1997-98, Myrtle Beach Entertainment Holiday inquirer conversion study, Myrtle Beach Entertainment Holiday, $15,000. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

1996-98, Implementation and evaluation of a nature-based tourism packaging business model, National Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute through South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, $47,644. Principal Investigators: Tamela Kibler and William C. Norman.

1996-97, Discover Upcountry South Carolina Travel Survey, Discover Upcountry Carolina Association and South Carolina (DUCA), South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, $6,667. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

1995-96, Green evaluations study, The Ecotourism Society, North Bennington, Vermont, $3,000. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

1995-96, 1995 Merrimac Ferry passenger study, Mid-State Associates and Wisconsin Department of Transportation, $6,145. Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and David. W. Marcouiller.

1994-96, Lac du Flambeau tourism marketing research study, Lac du Flambeau Governor's Area Promotion Committee, Minocqua, Wisconsin, $20,000. Principal Investigator: William. C. Norman.

1994-95, A profile of visitors to the 1994 Wisconsin State Fair, Wisconsin State Fair Commission, West Allis, Wisconsin, $11,869. Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and Sue Hamilton.

1994-95, A Profile of visitors to the 1994 Dane County Fair, Dane County Fair Commission, Madison, Wisconsin, $5,000. Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and Sue Hamilton.

1993-94, A profile of visitors to the 1993 Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) Convention, Experimental Aircraft Association, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, $11,091. Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and David W. Marcouiller.

1993-94, A profile of visitors to the EAA Air Adventure Museum, Experimental Aircraft Association, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, $4,186. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

1993-94, A study of tubing on Wisconsin's Apple River, Terrace Tubes, Somerset, Wisconsin, $3,644. Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and James Janke.

1993, A Study of Madeline Island Ferry Line Passengers, Madeline Island Ferry Line Company, La Pointe, Wisconsin, $1,457. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

Intramural Research:

2006-07, Identifying with tourists: Examining the emotional solidarity of Beaufort County, South Carolina residents with tourists in their community, $6,994, College of Health, Education, and Human Development 2007 Summer Research Support Program, Clemson University.

1998, The Travel Experience and Tourism Management: Perspectives from Modern Works of Fiction and Nonfiction. Pearce Center for Professional Communication, Clemson University, $3,000. Principal investigator: William C. Norman.

1997, The Development of Ag-Tourism in Region I of the South Carolina Heritage Corridor: A Pilot project for examining the relationship between agriculture and tourism in South Carolina, South Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, $10,000. Principal Investigator: Grant Cunningham, Co-investigators: William C. Norman and Wendy Marshall.

1994-95, Southwestern Wisconsin trout fishing and economic impact survey, Kickapoo Valley Project-University of Wisconsin System, $6,060. Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and David W. Marcouiller.

1993-94, A profile of canoers on the Kickapoo River, Kickapoo Valley Project, University of Wisconsin System, $6,584. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

Unfunded Graduate Student Research:

2009-10, An investigation of the tourism business networks in Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston Area Convention and Visitor Bureau, South Carolina. Principal Investigator: Tianyu Yong.

1996-97, Upstate South Carolina State Park interpretive visitor study, South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, Principal Investigators: Eric Frauman.

1996-97, An examination of the affect of constraints and self-efficacy on downhill skiers, Eldora Ski Area, Nederland, Colorado, Principal Investigator: Carl R. Pelletier.

1993-94, The Involvement of Wisconsin Parks and Recreation Agencies in Tourism, University of Wisconsin-Stout and Wisconsin Park and Recreation Association, Principal Investigators: Phillip C. Fieber.

Unfunded Service Research:

2008-2010, Florence County Parks and Recreation Department Travel Program Research, Florence, SC. Principal Investigator: Marian Wooten (UNC Pembroke). Co-Investigators: Francis McGuire, William Norman.

2007-09, Survey of visitors to the National Hunting and Fishing Day Event. Co-Principal Investigators: William C. Norman and Dorothy Schmalz.

1998, Survey of Visitors to the South Carolina Botanical Gardens’ Wren House, South Carolina Botanical Gardens. Principal Investigators: Karen Dillard and William C. Norman.

1996, Upstate heritage tourism visitor study, Region I, South Carolina Heritage Corridor. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

1994, Southeastern Wisconsin recreation and culture survey, Southeastern Wisconsin Recreation and Cultural Task Force, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

1994, Focus group research for current and past members, Madison Children's Museum, Madison, Wisconsin. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

1993-94, Survey of eagle watchers along the Wisconsin River, Ferry Bluff Eagle Council, Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin. Principal Investigators: David W. Marcouiller and William C. Norman.

1993, Expenditure Patterns of School of the Arts at Rhinelander Participants, Department of Continuing Education in the Arts, University of Wisconsin. Principal Investigator: W. C. Norman.

1993, Frank Lloyd Wright Heritage Tour visitor study, Frank Lloyd Wright Wisconsin Heritage Tour, Madison, Wisconsin. Principal Investigator: William C. Norman.

Invited Reviews of Manuscripts and/or Proposals:

Journal Manuscripts Reviewed:

2010 Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism Journal of Travel and Leisure Studies Journal of Travel Research (n=5)

2009 Community DevelopmentEvent ManagementJournal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and TourismJournal of Travel Research (n=6)

2008 Event ManagementJournal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and TourismJournal of Travel Research

2007 Journal of Travel Research

2006 Journal of Park and Recreation Administration

2005 Advances in Hospitality and LeisureJournal of Leisure ResearchJournal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism (n=2)Society and Natural Resources

2004 Tourism Review International

2002 Event Management Journal of Hospitality and Leisure for the Elderly

Journal of Leisure ResearchJournal of Park and Recreation AdministrationJournal of Sport Management

2001 Conservation Biology JournalJournal of Leisure ResearchJournal of Sport ManagementLeisure SciencesNorthern Journal of Applied Forestry

2000: Annals of Tourism ResearchJournal of Applied Recreation ResearchLeisure Sciences

1999: International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism AdministrationJournal of Applied Recreation ResearchJournal of Leisure ResearchJournal of Quality Assurance in Tourism and Hospitality

1998: Journal of Applied Recreation ResearchJournal of Leisure Research (n=2)Leisure SciencesTourism Analysis

1997: Journal of Applied Recreation ResearchJournal of Park and Recreation AdministrationJournal of Travel and Tourism MarketingTourism Analysis

1996: Annals of Tourism ResearchFestival Management and Event Tourism Journal of Leisure Research Leisure Sciences

1995: Festival Management and Event Tourism

1991: Journal of Leisure Research

Program and Department Review:

2007: Committee Member, Review of the B.S. Degree Program in Environmental and Natural Resources, College of College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.

2006: Visiting Committee, Department of Marketing, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey.

Promotion and Tenure Outside Review:

2010: Dr. Bing Pan, Assistant Professor, Department of Hospitality and Tourism ManagementCollege of Charleston.

2009: Dr. Eric Byrd, Assistant Professor, Department of Recreation, Tourism, and Hospitality Management, University of North Carolina, Greensboro.

2009: Dr. John A. McGee, Assistant Professor, Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation / Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,

Sabbatical Leave Review:

2005: Dr. Kathleen Andereck, Department of Recreation and Tourism Management, Arizona State University-West, Phoenix, Arizona.

2005: Dr. James Petrick, Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Science, Texas A & M University,

College Station, Texas.

Book Proposal Review:

2005: Daniels, M. J. & Loveless, C. M. Wedding Planning and Management. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Research Proposal Review:

2001: Two travel and tourism research proposals for the Louisiana Board of Regents Support Fund Research and Development Program.

Survey Instrument Review:

1999: Resident Attitude Questionnaire for the Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana.

Expert Witness:

1997: Testified as a tourism development specialist at a Horry County Planning Commission public hearing, Conway, South Carolina.

University Teaching:

Courses Taught:

Clemson University (1995-present)

Undergraduate:

PRTM 298 Creative Inquiry (Clemson University Experimental Forest with Dr. Robert Powell)PRTM 309 Behavioral Concepts in Parks, Recreation and Tourism ManagementPRTM 349 Survey of Tourism SitesPRTM 390 Independent StudyPRTM 391 Selected Topics (Tourism Management) now PRTM 345PRTM 398 Creative Inquiry (Culinary Tourism)PRTM 404 Field Training IPRTM 405 Field Training IIPRTM 406 Senior Seminar (Travel and Tourism Emphasis)PRTM 441 Commercial RecreationPRTM 444 Tour Planning and OperationsPRTM 446 Community Tourism DevelopmentPRTM 490 Senior Independent Study

LS 100 Tourism Field ExperienceFDSC 450 Culinary Tourism Creative Inquiry

Graduate:

PRTM 641 Commercial RecreationPRTM 646 Community Tourism DevelopmentPRTM 708 Independent StudyPRTM 709 Special ProblemsPRTM 803 Seminar in Recreation and Park AdministrationPRTM 840 Tourism PlanningPRTM 891 Masters Research PRTM 908 Advanced TopicsPRTM 900 Selected Topic (Constraints to Leisure)PRTM 900 Selected Topic (Translating Consumer Behavior Research to Leisure and Tourism)PRTM 991 Doctoral Research

Appalachian State University (1991-92)

LS 2110 Introduction to Recreation and LeisureLS 2410 Recreation Program PlanningLS 4110 Evaluation in Recreation and Leisure ServiceLS 4550 Travel and Tourism

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University of Minnesota (1988-90)

Rec 1520 Orientation to Leisure and RecreationRec 3530 Park and Recreation Areas and FacilitiesRec 3550 Park and Recreation Administration

Ferris State College (1984-86)

Rec 101 Survey of Leisure Arts and Recreation CareersRec 125 Outdoor RecreationRec 220 Supervised Recreation LeadershipRec 320 Recreation Planning and DesignRec 325 Principles of Outdoor Recreation ManagementRec 326 Environmental InterpretationRec 375 Recreation Seminar: Introduction to Travel and TourismRec 425 Recreation ProgrammingRec 430 Management of Leisure ServicesRec 436 Marketing Leisure ServicesRec 475 Internship in Recreation Leadership and Management

Michigan State University (1982-84)

PRR 344 Park and Recreation Planning (planning component)PRR 880 Park and Recreation Resources Seminar Series (coordinator)

Dissertation, Thesis & Project Committees:

Completed Dissertations (Chair):

Tianyu Ying, Ph.D. Social networks in the tourism industry: An investigation of Charleston, South Carolina, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 2010.

HakJun Song,, Ph.D., Understanding casino visitors’ decision process within the perspective of responsible gambling, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 2010.

Jason A. Draper, Ph.D. We’re here now: an exploratory study of the relationship between tourism and post migration community participation and sense of community, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 2009.

Mark J. Kanning, Ph.D. Influence of overseas travel experiences on the worldviews of U.S. backpackers, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 2008.

Kyle M. Woosnam, Ph.D. Identifying with tourists: Examining the emotional solidarity residents of Beaufort County, South Carolina have with tourists in their community, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2008.Marian H. Wooten, Ph.D. The contribution of object and setting to the symbolic meaning of a cultural special event, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2006.

Sajna S. Shenoy, Ph.D. Food tourism and the culinary tourist, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 2005.

H. Charles Chancellor, Ph.D. A study of the attitudes and intentions of Land Trust Executive Directors’

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toward collaboration with tourism entities, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2005.

Marsha Loda, Ph.D. The communication effect of message presentation and sequencing on tourist destination selection, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 2003.

Eric Frauman, Ph.D., Mindfulness and visitors to nature-based destinations, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 1999.

Completed Dissertations (Committee Member):

Xu Chen, Ph.D. Assessment of destination brand associations: an application of associative network theory and network analysis method, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 2010.

Wade M. Vagias, Ph.D. An examination of the leave no trace visitor education program in two US National Park Service units, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 2009.

Anthony W. Dixon, Ph.D. Estimating the private consumption benefits derived from the college football game experience, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2009.

Brian D. Krohn, Ph.D. The influence of performance appraisal, emotion and time on the satisfaction of golf travelers, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 2008.

Harriet T. Dixon, Ph.D. A grounded theory of the dynamic nature of constraints to leisure and successful coping process, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 2008.

Christine M. Van Winkle, Ph.D. Meaningful learning at a national historic site: How interpretive tour message content affects visitor learning transfer, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2007.

Yawei Wang, Ph.D. An exploratory study of travel constructs in mature tourism, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 2005.

Jason Davis, Ph.D. The environmental perceptions whitewater kayakers. Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 2003.

Chih-Liang Chao, Ph.D. Off-site benefits of recreation participants: An assessment of psychophysiological effects, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 2003.

Linwood Clayton, Ph.D. The use of concept mapping to evaluate isomorphism of the hierarchical leisure constraint typology, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 2002.

Anthony Shepard, Ph.D. Satisfaction and intention to re-visit: A re-examination of the relationship and an analysis of differences between satisfied returners and satisfied non-returners, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 2002.Margaret J. Daniels, Ph.D. A comparison of social accounting matrix and occupation-based modeling techniques for estimating the personal income distribution effects of sport tourism events across different household income levels, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2002.

Brian L. VanBlarcom, Ph.D. A comparison of methods used in assessing the economic impact of tourism on a sub-provincial economy in Nova Scotia, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2002.

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Barbara J. Williams, Ph.D. Extraction of primary products from a controlled area: The case of the Makuleke community and Kruger National Park, South Africa, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2001.

Changuk Charles Lee, Ph.D., Investigating tourist attachment to selected coastal destinations: An application of place attachment, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 1999.

Kathryn Brooks Lawrence, Ph.D., The role of tourism and perceived change in Cayo District, Belize, Central America, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 1998.

Yi-Chung Hsu, Ph.D., Contrasting the presentation value of a domestic and a foreign wildlife reserve, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 1998.

Ute Jamrozy, Ph.D., The effectiveness of tourism destination advertisements: The role of feeling responses, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 1996.

Linda Christoff, Ph.D., The effect of fringe benefits on organizational commitment within the hotel and motel industry, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 1996.

Completed Theses (Chair):

Evan J. Jordan, Online travel information search behaviors: an information foraging perspective, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August, 2008.

Crayton S. Pruitt, Water levels effects on overall customer satisfaction: A case study of adjacent landowners on the United States Army Corps of Engineers-Lake Hartwell, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August, 2008.

Christine Drais, The traveling quilter: An exploration on the influences on travel behavior, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 2007.

Jessica, L. Parker, The relationship of family summer vacation trips and academic achievement among first graders: a national study, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 2006.

Jennifer Passialiague, Gullah attitudes towards land changes in Charleston, SC, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 2004.

Micah Sepko, A comparison of risk management procedures in YMCAs insured by the Y-Services corporation in the state of South Carolina, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 2001.

Tiffany J. McClinton, An examination of associated wildlife recreation preferences, attitudes and behaviors of visitors to National Estuary Research Reserves, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 1999.Stephen D. Ross, The use of conjoint analysis in the development of a new interpretive center, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 1999.

Carl Rene Pelletier, The effects of a lesson on a first-time skier’s level of self-efficacy and the relationship to intention and behavior in the sport of downhill skiing, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 1997.

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Completed Theses (Committee Member):

Samantha A. J. Rozier, An investigation of motives and constraints on tourists’ intention to engage in side trip travels within one hour of Charleston, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2005.

Mark Jewell, An assessment of trail conditions in Shenandoah National Park, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2001.

Virginie Nicole Bignon, M.S., French perceptions and images of the United States as a destination country, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 1998.

Completed Theses (Outside Committee Member):

Matt Howle, Family forest owners' perceptions of effectiveness and economic efficiency of herbicide treatments for Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense): a field focus group approach, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources. August, 2009.

Cassidy Connor, Culinary omnivorousness: The relationship between social class and food consumption patterns, Department of Sociology and Anthropology. December 2008.

David W. Dantzler, Developing environmental education, nature-based tourism, and outdoor recreation initiatives on a solid waste management site in Conway, South Carolina, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, May 2007.

James E. Threat, Spatial characteristics of southern pine beetle outbreaks in Pickens County South Carolina, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources. December 2003, outside committee member.

Completed M.PRTM Projects (Chair):

David L. Suter, A comprehensive management guide for Clemson University’s Department of Recreation during the renovation of Fike Recreation Center, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. June 2001.

Mandy Noelle Neidermeyer, M.PRTM, An investigation of the seeking-escaping theory as a segmentation tool for tourism marketers, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 1997.

Brett Richard Berg, M.PRTM, A proposed community service and outreach program for the Clemson Athletics Department, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August 1997.

Completed M.PRTM Projects (Committee Member):

Jennifer Jones Bauman, Factors which influence teachers’ utilization of natural areas for field trips: A literature review, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. August, 2005.

R. Todd Dunlap, The attractiveness of four reward options as an effective reward for performance improvement in the building material industry, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. May 2005.

Zuna Mansur, M.PRTM, Role of recreation for international students at Clemson University, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 1999, committee member.

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Noreen Smyth, M.PRTM, Tourism plan for Pendleton, South Carolina, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. December 1998.

Jennifer W. Schneider, M.PRTM, The development of a website rating system for therapeutic recreation, May 1998, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management.

Thesis Examiner:

Ulrike Sassenberg, The role of key stakeholders in sustainable tourism development: The casestudy of Nelson/Marlborough/Golden Bay in New Zealand, Master of Tourism Studies, School of Hospitality and Tourism, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, October 2009.

Supervising Professor:

Niels Schrijnemakers, Master of Tourism Student, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Fall Semester 2009.

Karolien Vander Waeren, Master of Tourism Student, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Fall Semester 2007 (with Dr. Sheila Backman).

Teaching Development:

January 27, 1999, Participant, Helping Students Build Oral Communication Skills, Clemson University’s Roy and Marnie Pearce Center for Professional Communications, Clemson, South Carolina.

January 23, 1999, Participant, Society of Park and Recreation Educators' Institute, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

February, 1998, Participant, Developing Student’s Oral Communication Competencies in the Classroom, Clemson University’s Roy and Marnie Pearce Center for Professional Communications, Clemson, South Carolina.

February 24, 1997, Participant, Designing Successful Team Projects, Clemson University’s Roy and Marnie Pearce Center for Professional Communications, Clemson, South Carolina.

March 1-2, 1991, Participant, Society of Park and Recreation Educators' Institute on Social Responsibility: Issues and Implementation, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.Service:

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Public Service Activity:

2007-2010, Foodways and Byways: The Role of Food in Rural Tourism Marketing, Product Development and Supply Chain Management, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2002-2007, Clemson University AgriTourism Project, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

1997-2001, Member, Natural Resources and the Environment Initiative Team, South Carolina Cooperative Extension System, Clemson University, Clemson South Carolina.

2000-2001, Member, Clemson Bottoms Committee, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.

1998-99, Member, Fruit Committee, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.

1997-98, Member of Task Force to Examine Scholarship as it relates to PSA Research and Extension Accomplishments, Designing a Research System for the South Carolina Agriculture and Forestry Research System, Clemson University, Clemson South Carolina.

Community Service:

2010, Member, Board of Directors for the SC Upstate Equine Council, Anderson, South Carolina.

2010, Panelist, Green Hospitality Alliance Workshop, Greenville, South Carolina.

2006-09, Volunteer Upstate South Carolina’s National Hunting and Fishing Day, Seneca, South Carolina.

2004-2006, Volunteer, Clemson Area Chamber of Commerce, Clemson, South Carolina.

2001-2006, Member, Jocassee Gorges Education and Outreach Working Group. Clemson University and South Carolina Department of Natural Resources.

1997-Present, Member, South Carolina Hospitality and Tourism Educators Consortium.

1995-2003, Advisory Board, South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Association, Greenville, South Carolina.

2000-2002, Member, South Carolina Sports Development Alliance.

1997-98, Member, South Carolina State Hospitality and Tourism Research Providers Group.

1996-2001, Region I Advisory Board, South Carolina Heritage Tourism Corridor, Clemson, South Carolina.

University Committee Positions:

University:

2007-Present, Assistant Faculty Advisor, Clemson University Ducks Unlimited Student Chapter.

2007-08, Graduate Council: Graduate Academic Integrity Committee.

2001, Panel of Experts, Center for Community Growth and Change, Clemson University.

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1997-98, Faculty Tutor Advisory Board, Department of Student-Athlete Enrichment Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.

College:

2004-Present, Co-Chair, Tourism and Community Development Collaborative Team, College of Health Education and Human Development, Clemson University.

2005-06, Member, College of Health Education and Human Development Dean Search Committee, Clemson University.

2005-06, Member, Research Committee, College of Health Education and Human Development, Clemson University.

2000-03, Department Representative, College of Health, Education and Human Development’s Advisory Committee (elected), Clemson University.

1999-02, Department Representative, College of Health, Education and Human Development’s Community and Public Relations Committee (elected), Clemson University.

1999-2000, Department Representative, College of Health, Education and Human Development’s Multicultural Task Force, Clemson University.

1993, Member, Committee to Review the M.S. Program in Recreation Resources Management, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Department:

2008-Present, Member, Promotion and Tenure Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2008-2010, Member, Graduate Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2008-09, Member, Advisory Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2007-08, Member, Curriculum Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2005-06, Member, Promotion and Tenure Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2005-06, Chair, Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute Director search committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2004-05, Member, community recreation and sports faculty search committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2004-05, Member, parks and protected area management faculty search committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

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1995-98, 2001-04, Member, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Graduate Committee, Clemson University.

2002-03, Chair, Promotion and Tenure Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2002-03, Chair, Post-tenure Review Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2002, Chair, Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute research associate search committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2001-2002, Member, Promotion and Tenure Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2001-2002, Member, Post-tenure Review Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2001-2002, Member, Curriculum Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2001-2002, Member, Search Committee for Department Head, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

2001-2002, Member, Search Committee for CLS/T&T position, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

1995-2001, Faculty Advisor, Travel and Tourism Association, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.

2000-2001, Member, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management’s Curriculum Committee, Clemson University.

1999-2000, Member, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management’s Faculty Replacement Ad Hoc Committee, Clemson University.

1995-97, 1999-2000, Member, Departmental Advisory Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

1998-99, Member, Search Committee for Coastal Recreation and Tourism Specialist Extension Associate Position, Conway, South Carolina, Clemson University.

1998-99, Member, Departmental Technology Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.

1995-96, Member, Departmental Honors and Awards Banquet Committee, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

1991-93, Faculty Advisor, Leisure Studies Association, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.

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1984-1986, Faculty Advisor, Professional Recreation Association, Ferris State College, Big Rapids, Michigan.

Professional Service:

2010 Travel Research Workshop Paper Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, San Antonio, Texas.

2010, Reviewer, International CHRIE Conference-Refereed Track, San Juan, Puerto Rico USA.

2009, Academic Papers Coordinator, National Vacation Matters Summit, Seattle, Washington.

2009, Session Moderator, National Vacation Matters Summit National Vacation Matters Summit, Seattle, Washington.

2009, Abstract Reviewer, 2009 Southeast Recreation Research Conference, Athens, Georgia.

2008, Abstract Reviewer, 2009 International Conference on Festivals & Events Research, Orlando, Florida, USA.

2008, Project Reviewer, U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course. Austin, Texas.

2007, Travel Research Workshop Illustrated Paper Coordinator, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada.

2006 Travel Research Workshop Paper Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Dublin, Ireland.

2005, Travel Research Workshop Paper Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana.

2005, Leisure Research Symposium abstract reviewer (travel and tourism), National Recreation and Park Association National Congress, San Antonio, Texas.

2004, Travel Research Workshop Paper Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

2003, Awards Chairman, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri.

2003, Travel Research Workshop Paper Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, St. Louis, Missouri.

2002, Awards Chairman, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Washington, DC.

2002, Travel Research Workshop Paper Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Washington, DC.

2001, Travel Research Workshop Paper Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Fort Myers, Florida.

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2000, Travel Research Workshop Paper Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Burbank, California.

2000, Project Reviewer, U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course. Salt Lake City, Utah.

1998-1999, Member, National Tourism Foundation’s Education Advisory Council.

1999, Tourism Session Reviewer, National Recreation and Park Association Leisure Research Symposium, Nashville, Tennessee.

1999, Travel Research Workshop Paper Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

1999, Travel Research Workshop Poster Session Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

1998, Travel Research Workshop Paper Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Ft. Worth, Texas.

1998, Travel Research Workshop Poster Session Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Ft. Worth, Texas.

1998, Travel Research Workshop Session Moderator, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Ft. Worth, Texas.

1998, Project Reviewer, U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course. Seattle, Washington.

1997, Poster Session Chair, Travel Research Workshop, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Virginia Beach, Virginia.

1996, Poster Session Chair, Travel Research Workshop, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada.

1996, Reviewer, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Awards Program, Travel and Tourism Research Association’s Annual Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada.

1996, Dialogue Session Coordinator (with Kreg Lindberg), “Ecotourism as a resource management tool: Fact or fiction,” Sixth International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, University Park, Pennsylvania.

1996, Project Reviewer, U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Management Short Course. Seattle, Washington.

1995, Education Session Moderator, “Conflicting Recreation Demands on Sensitive Mountain Environments,” National Recreation and Park Association Annual Congress, San Antonio, Texas.

1995, Chair, Poster Session, Travel Research Workshop, 1995 Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, Acapulco, Mexico.

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1993-1995, Contributor, CenStates News, CenStates Chapter of the Travel and Tourism Research Association, East Lansing, Michigan.

1980, Student Volunteer Coordinator, North American Symposium on Dispersed Winter Recreation, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Conferences & Workshops Attended:

2010, Business Side of Agritourism Conference, Fairview, North Carolina.

2010, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

2008, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Columbia, South Carolina.

2007, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

2006, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Kiawah Island, South Carolina.

2005, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.

2005, 10th Annual Hospitality and Tourism Graduate Student Education and Research Conference, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

2004, Tourism Benchmarking Forum, College Station, Texas.

2004, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.

2003, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Greenville, South Carolina.

2002, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Columbia, South Carolina.

2001, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

2000, The Future of Hunting Symposium II, Columbia, South Carolina.

2000, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

2000, U.S. Forest Service Recreation Summit, Atlanta, Georgia.

1999, South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Association’s Annual Conference, Monks Corners, South Carolina.

1999, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.

1999, The Future of Hunting: A Symposium, Columbia, South Carolina.

1998, South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Association’s Annual Conference, Hilton Head, South Carolina.

1997, South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Association’s Annual Conference, Clemson, South Carolina.

1998, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

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1997, National Tour Association’s Annual Convention, Tampa, Florida.

1997, South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Association’s Annual Conference, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

1997, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Fort Mill, South Carolina.

1996, South Carolina Nature-Based Tourism Association’s Annual Conference, McCormick, South Carolina.

1996, South Carolina Governor’s Conference on Tourism and Travel, Greenville, South Carolina.

Administrative Duties:

1995-2006, Director, Recreation, Travel and Tourism Institute (36% appointment), Department of Parks Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.

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