viswasathinte velicham

1

Nm{InI teJ\w

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

2 hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

3

Nm{InI teJ\w


(LUMEN FIDEI)

{^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏

hnh¿Ø\w:

^m. amXyp Xp≠-Øn¬, H.-kn.-Un.

CARMEL INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING HOUSET R I V A N D R U M , K E R A L A , I N D I A – 6 9 5 0 1 4

2013


All rights reserved including the rights of reproduction in whole or in part in any form

CIPH No. 237A July 2013 10,000

Encyclical LetterViswasathinte Velicham

(Malayalam)

POPE FRANCIS

Translated byFr. Mathew Thundathil, OCD

Scrutinized byFr. James Alakkuzhiyil, OCD

Fr. Cyril Puthiyaparambil, OCDFr. Jose Thaiparambil, OCD

Second EditionJuly 2013

Published, Printed & Distributed byCarmel International Publishing House

Trivandrum, India — 695 014e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Website : www.carmelpublications.com

ciph impressions, Trivandrum

© Publishers

Price$ 40.00

Cum Permissu Superiorum

5

D≈-S°wt]Pv

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w 11

Ab-Ym¿∞-amb Hcp shfn®w 12

hos≠-Sp-°-s∏-tS≠ Hcp shfn®w 15

A[ymbw H∂v

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p∂p(cf. 1 tbml. 4:16)

A{_mlw, hnizm-k-Øn¬ \ΩpsS ]nXmhv 21

C{km-tb-ens‚ hnizmkw 26

ss{IkvXhhnizm-k-Øns‚ ]q¿WX 31

hnizm-k-Øn-ep≈ c£ 37

hnizm-k-Øns‚ k`m-]-c-amb am\w 41

A[ymbw c≠v

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°pkpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

(cf. Gi. 7:9)

hnizm-khpw kXyhpw 44

kXyw, hnizmkw Ch-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhv 48

hnizmkw, {ihWw ImgvN F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ 53hnizm-khpw bp‡nbpw XΩn-ep≈ kwhmZw 58

hnizm-khpw ssZhmt\z-j-Whpw 63

hnizm-khpw ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw 67


A[ymbw aq∂v

F\n°p e`n-®Xv Rm≥\nßƒ°v G¬]n-®p-X∂p

(cf. 1 tImdn. 15:3)

k`, \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ amXmhv 70

IqZm-i-Ifpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ {]k-c-Whpw 75

hnizm-khpw {]m¿∞-\bpw ]Øp Iev]-\-Ifpw 83

hnizm-k-Øns‚ sFIyhpw ka-{K-Xbpw 85

A[ymbw \mev

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \KcwXøm-dm-°p∂p(cf. sl{_m. 11:16)

hnizm-khpw s]mXp-\-∑bpw 90

hnizm-khpw IpSpw-_hpw 93

kaq-l-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp shfn®w 95

kl-\-Øn¬ Bizm-khpw i‡nbpw 100

hniz-kn-®-hƒ `mKy-hXn (cf. eq°m 1:45) 104

Notes 108

7

ssZh-Øns‚hnc¬kv]¿iap≈Hcp {]t_m-[-\-tcJ

"BapJan√mØ' Hcp {]t_m-[-\-tc-J-bm-Wn-sX∂v Cu

{]km-[-I-°p-dn-∏n\v Bap-J-ambn Ipdn-°p-hm≥ tXm∂p-

∂p. A]q¿h-X-Iƒ sIm≠-\p-Kr-lo-X-amb Cu Nm{In-

I-te-J-\-Øn-s‚ kq£va-hm-b-\-I-fn-te°p \bn-°-s∏-

Sp-tºmƒ \mw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ F{X-sb{X Nmcp-X-I-fn-

sem-∂m-Wn-Xv.

{^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏-bpsS Cu {]Y-a-Nm-{In-I-te-

J-\-Øn¬ At±lwXs∂ FSpØp]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse

(\w. 7) s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-as‚ ]¶ns\ kqNn-∏n-

®p-sIm≠v ""Hcp bp‹-Km\wt]mse'' F∂pw Hm´-a-’-c-

Øn¬ "_m‰¨' ssIam-dp-∂-Xp-t]mse F∂p-am-Wv sa-

{Xm-∑m¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Xncp-kw-L-Øns‚ {^os^IvSv

I¿±n-\mƒ am¿°v HuΔ-se‰v hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.

s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS "ssZhw

kvt\l-am-Ip∂p', "{]Xym-i-bn¬ c£' F∂o Nm{In-I-

te-J-\-ßƒ°p ]qc-I-am-bn, "hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w'

ss{IkvX-h-Po-hn -X-Øns‚ B[m-c-kvXw-` -ß-fm-b,

hnizm-kw, {]Xym-i, kvt\lw F∂o ssZhn-I-]p-Wy-

ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ {]t_m-[-\-Øn\v ]q¿ÆX \¬Ip-I-

bm-Wv. "kvt\l'Øn¬ XpSßn Ct∏mƒ "hnizmk'-


Øn¬ kam-]n-°p∂ Ch-bpsS hn]-co-X-{I-ahpw ""kvt\-

l-amWp k¿tΔm-XvIrjvS''sa∂ hnip≤ ]utem-kns‚hN-\-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cWw Is≠-Øp-∂p-≠v.

CXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, \ΩpsS {]mtZ-inIam[y-a-ß-fn-se-∂-Xp-t]mse BtKm-f-am-[yaßfnepw"hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w' Xcw-K-am-bn. ""s_\-UnIvSv]Xn\mdma≥ am¿]m∏bpsS "HkyØv' '' F∂pw{^m≥kokv am¿]m∏bpsS ]camNmcyXz-Øns‚ BapJ{]`m-jWw F∂p-am-Wv, tdm_¿´v ]n. Csº√n, ""Ata-cn°'' F∂ amkn-I-bn¬ Cu Nm{In-I-te-J-\-sØ-°p-dn-s®-gp-Xn-b-Xv. Cu Ime-L-´-Ønse a\p-jy-sc G‰-hp-a-[nIw _m[n-°p∂ {]iv\-ß-fmWv Cu tcJ ssIIm-cyw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂pw ItØm-en-°cpw AI-tØm-en-°cpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-fp-sams° {i≤n-°p∂At\Iw {]ta-b-ß-fn-te°v CXp Xpd-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂pF∂pw am[y-a-ßƒ \nco-£n-®p. hnizm-khpw bp‡nbpwXΩn-ep≈ _‘sØ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ `mKw AXo-h-{i-t≤-b-amWv F∂v kv]m-\ojv h¿Ø-am-\-]-{X-amb "emdmtkm¨' A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p.

Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn ""hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w'' Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v Cu {]t_m-[-\-tc-J-bnse ""\Ωƒ''F∂ {]tbmKw am{X-amWv I¿±n-\mƒ am¿°v HuΔse‰v]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-b-Xv.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ CXnse Hmtcm ]Zhpw Hmtcm {]-tbm-Khpw hfsc Bg-Ønepw hni-Z-ambpap≈ Kth-j-W-]-T-\-ßƒ°v hnj-b-am-tI-≠-h-bm-Wv: "hnizmk'-tØmSp _‘-s∏-SpØn bm{X, Hm¿Ω, kXyw, bp‡n,ImgvN, tIƒhn, kv]¿i-\w, IpSpw_w F∂n-ßs\ H‰-hm-°n¬ Hm¿Øn-cn-°m-hp-∂-hbv°p ]pdta; c≠mwhØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Hcp kq\-l-tZmkv F∂ \ne-bn¬, hnizm-khpw c£m-I-c-c-l-ky-

9BapJw

hpw, hnizm-khpw kphn-tij {]tLm-j-W-hpw, ssZh-

a-\p-jy-_-‘-Øns‚ Dujva-fX, hnizm-khpw a\p-jy-_-‘-ßfpw, hnizm-k-{]-k-c-Whpw k`-bpw, hnizm-k-hpw ssZh-im-kv{X-hpw-, CXn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p∂hnip≤{KŸ-`m-K-ßƒ, hnizmkw Pohn-®-h¿, F∂n-ß-s\ ]T-\-a-\-\-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-t°-≠p∂ F{Xtbmhnj-bß-fm-Wn-Xpƒs°m-≈pI!

Hcp kw`m -jWwt]mse hm¿∂phogp∂{^m≥kokv ]m∏-bpsS X\-Xmb ssien CXn-em-Zy¥wap{Zn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. "Bap-J-'Øns‚ Hu]-Nm-cn-IX Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xnse {i≤ Chn-sS-bmWp \mw Xncn-®dn-bp-I.""Gsdbpw s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-as‚, BI-am\w{^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏-bpsSbpw'' F∂ Hcp C‰m-en-b≥]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-bpsS \nco-£Ww apJ-hn-e-bvs°-Sp-°m-sa-¶n¬, Hcp ssZh-im-kv{X-hn-im-c-Zs‚ Nn¥m-K-cn-asb]q¿Æ-ambpw Dƒs°m≠v C{X A\m-bm-k-e-fn-X-ambnAXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ {^m≥kokv ]m∏-bpsS ssien-bpw Kth-j-W-hn-j-b-am-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hm°p-I-fn-se-∂√ hmN--I-L-S-\-bnse hncm-a-Nn-”-ß-fn¬t]mepw ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ Bi-b-Øns‚ ss\c-¥cyw tN¿Øp-h-bv°p∂ cN-\m-ssi-ensb A¥x-kØtNm¿∂p-t]m-Im-sX AXo-h-{i-≤-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-Ø-s∂-bmWv Cu ]cn-`m-j-bnepw kao-]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

2 0 1 3 Pqemb v 1 0˛mw XobXn _p[ -\mg vNL'Osservatore Romano˛-bpsS Cw•ojv ]Xn-∏n¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ Cu Nm{In-I-te-J-\-Øns‚ kºq¿Æ-]-cn-`mj 18˛mw XobXn hymgmgvN "am¿]m-∏-bpsS ]{X'-Øns‚ ae-bmfw ]Xn-∏n¬ Rßƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.Npcp-ßnb Znh-k-ßƒ°p-≈n¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ,A¥x-k-Ø-bn¬ Aev]w-t]mepw tNm¿∂p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]q¿Æ-{i≤ \evIp-hm≥ Rßƒ°p Ign-


™Xv CXn¬ BZy¥w ]Xn-™n-cn-°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚hnc¬-kv]¿iw Rßƒ°pw A\p-`-h-s∏-´-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{X-am-Wv.

hØn-°m-\n¬ 'Lumen Fidei' {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ{]Xo-I-Øns‚ at\m-lm-cn-X-tbmsS {^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏, tbip-hns\ {]Xn\n-[m\w sNøp∂ s]klm-Øncn (Lumen Christi) sXfn-°p∂ apJ-Nn-{X-amWv \evIn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. BtKm-f-P-\X Npcp-ßnb BgvN-Iƒ sIm≠p-Xs∂ lrZ-b-`n-Øn-I-fn-ep-b¿Øn, temI-Øns‚ apJ-Nn-{X-ambn amdn-°-gn™ Cu Nn{Xw Ih¿Nn{X-ambnkzoI-cn-°p-tºmƒ, B IÆp-I-fn¬ sXfn-bp∂ "hnizm-k-Øns‚', {]Xym-i-bp-sS shfn®w Rßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. Hmtcm BgvN-bnepw am¿]m-∏-bpsS ]{X-Øn-eqsSRßƒ tIc-f-k-`bv°p ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xpwas‰m-∂-√.

{^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏-bpsSXs∂ hm°p-Iƒ D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v Cu Ipdn∏v Ah-km-\n-∏n-°mw: ""apgp-h≥ssZh-P-\-Øn-\p-ambn kt¥m-j-]q¿Δw Rm≥ CXpka¿∏n°p-∂p... hnizmkw IqSp-X¬ Bg-ap-≈-Xm-°p-hm\pw C∂sØ {]iv\-ßsf hnizm-k-tØmsS A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw CXv Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu Nm{In-I-te-J-\-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ßfpw ssZh-sØbpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ A¿∞hpw At\z-jn-°p-∂-h¿°v klm-b-I-amIpw F∂mWv Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. hnizm-k-Øns‚]q¿Æ-{]-Xn-cq-]-amb ]cn-ip≤ I\y-Im-a-dnbw I¿ØmhvB{K-ln-°p∂ ^ew \ap°v e`y-am-°s´.''

\μn!

^m. amXyp Xp≠-Øn¬, H.kn.Un.

Ub-d-IvS¿

11

hnizm-ksØ°pdn®v sa{Xm-∑m¿°pw

sshZn-I¿°pw Uo°-∑m¿°pw ka¿∏n-X¿°pw

Aevamb hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw ]c-am-Nm-cy≥

{^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏-bpsS

Nm{InI teJ\w


1. hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®w: tbip sIm≠p-h∂ Cu

alm-Zm-\-sØ-°p-dn®v, k`m-]m-c-ºcyw C{]-Im-c-amWv ]d-

bp-I. tbml-∂m≥ Fgp-Xnb kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ tbip,

Ahn-Sp-sØ°pdn®pXs∂ ]d-bp-∂p: ""F∂n¬ hnizkn-

°p-∂-h-cmcpw A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ hkn-°m-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\v,

Rm≥ shfn-®-ambn temI-Øn-te°p h∂n-cn-°p∂p''

(tbml. 12:46). hnip≤ ]utemkpw AtX {]Xn-cq]w D]-


tbm-Kn-°p-∂p: ""A‘-Im-c-Øn¬\n∂v shfn®w DZn-°s´''

F∂p ]d™ ssZhw Xs∂-bmWv, ""Rß-fpsS lrZ-b-

ßsf {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂Xv'' (2 tImdn. 4:6). {]Im-i-Øn-\p-

th-≠n-bp≈ hni-∏-\p-`-h-s∏´ hn{K-lm-cm-[-I¿, kqcys\

tZh-\mbn (Sol Invictus) ]qPn-°p∂-Xp I≠n´v, Znh-khpw

kqtcym-Z-b-Øn¬ {]m¿∞n-®p-t]m∂p. kqcy≥, Hmtcm

Zn\hpw ]pXn-b-Xmbn DZn-®pb-cp∂psh-¶nepw a\p-jym-kvXn-

Xz-Øns‚ F√m Xe-ßfn-epw {]Imiw sNmcn-bp-hm≥

AXn\v Ign-hp-≠m-bncp-∂n√. kqcy≥ F√m bmYm¿∞y-

ß-sfbpw {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂n-√. a\p-jys‚ angn-Iƒ AS-

™n-cn-°p∂ ac-W-Øns‚ \ng-ens\ t`Zn-°p-hm≥,

kqcys‚ Inc-W-ßƒ°v tijn-bn-√. c‡-km-£n-bmb

PÃn≥ Fgp-Xn: ""kqcy-\n-ep≈ Xs‚ hnizm-k-sØ-{]Xn

Poh≥ shSn-bp-hm≥ Bcpw Hcn-°epw Xøm-dm-bn-´n-√.''1

hnizmkw Xß-fpsS ap≥]n¬ Xpd-∂n-Sp∂ A\-¥-amb

N{I-hm-f-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m-[-tØmsS, ss{IkvX-

h¿, ""Poh≥ \ev-Ip∂ {]Imi''2amb tbiphns\, bYm¿-

∞ kqcy-\mbn hnfn-®-t]-£n-®p. Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c≥

emkdns‚ ac-W-Øn¬ hne-]n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ a¿Øm-

tbmSv tbip tNmZn-®p: ""hniz-kn-®m¬ \o ssZh-a-lØzw

Z¿in-°p-sa∂v Rm≥ \nt∂mSp ]d-™nt√?'' (tbml.

11:40). hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ Xß-fpsS bm{Xsb apgp-h\pw

{]Im-i-am-\-am-°p∂ shfn-®-Øn-eqsS ImWp-∂p; Fs¥-

∂m¬, Hcn°epw AkvX-an-°mØ {]`m-X-kq-cy≥, D∞n-

X-\mb I¿Øm-hn¬ \n∂p≈ {]Im-iw BWv A-Xv.

Ab-Ym¿∞-amb Hcp shfn®w?2. F∂n-cp-∂mepw hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®-sØ-°p-dn®p

kwkm-cn°p-tºmƒ, \ΩpsS ka-Im-en-I-cn¬ At\Iw

13

t]cpsS FXn¿∏p-Iƒ Xs∂bpw \ap°p tIƒ°m≥ km[n-

°pw. KX-Im-e-k-aq-l-ßƒ B shfn®w ]cym-]vXam-bn

]cnK-Wn-®n-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. F∂m¬, B[p-\nI bpK-Øn¬

X-ß-fpsS bp‡n-t_m-[-sØ-°p-dn®v A`nam\n-°p-∂Xpw

\qX-\-am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS mhnsb Bcm™dn-bp-hm≥ D-’p-

I-hp-am-b, hf¿® {]m]n® ]pXnb ImeØn\v AXv D]-

tbm-K-iq-\y-ambn tXm∂n. Aßs\, Ipsdt]sc kw-_-

‘n®v, Adn-hn-\m-bp≈ At\z-jWw ss[cy-]q¿hw Bcw-

`n-°p-∂-Xn\v a\p-jy-cm-in°p hnLm-X-ambn \n¬-°p∂

Ab-Ym¿∞-amb Hcp shfn-®-ambn hnizmkw Im-W-s∏-´p.

sNdp-∏-am-bn-cp∂ \o‰vtj, Xs‚ ktlm-Zcn F-en-k-_-

Øns\, kmlkw Gs‰-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v apt∂m-´p-t]m-Ip-

hm≥ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®p: ""Xt‚-Xmb hgn-Iƒ Is≠-tØ≠

Hcmƒ t\cn-tS≠n ht∂-°m-hp∂ F√m A\n-›n-X-Xz-

ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]pXnb ]mX-Iƒ....'' At±lw C{X-

bpw-IqSn Iq´n-t®¿Øp; ""Chn-sS-bmWv a\p-jy-k-aqlw

hn`n∂ Zni-I-fn¬ \oßm≥ Bcw-`n-°p-I: Bfl-k-am-[m-

\hpw B\μhp-amWv \o B{K-ln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ hniz-kn-

°p-I; AX√ kXy-Øns‚ ]n≥Km-an-bm-Ip-hm-\mWv B{K-

ln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pI.''3 hnizmk-

hpw At\z-j-W-hp-am-Is´ ]c-kv]cw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-

an-√. Chn-sS-\n-∂p-am-Wv a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-

amb A¿∞sØ eLq-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw \ho-\-Xz-Øn-

s‚bpw kml-k-Øn-s‚-bp-sams° Du¿÷-kz-eX A]-

l-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw k`-bvs°-Xnsc-bp≈ hna¿i\w

\o‰vtj cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. Aß-s\, hnizm-kw, kzX-{¥-

a-\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ `m-hn-bnte-°p≈ {]bm-W-Øn\p

XS w krjvSn-°p∂ ambnI shfn-®-ambn.

3. Cu {]{In-b-bn¬ hnizmkw A‘-Im-c-tØmSp

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®w


kº¿°-Ønem-bn. bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-tØmSp tN¿Øv

hnizm-k-Øn\p ÿm\w \¬In-s°m≠v hnizm-ksØ

c£n-s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ Nne¿ {iaw \S-Øn. bp‡n-bpsS shfn-

®-Øn\p sNs∂-Øp-hm-\m-Im-Øn-SØpw hy‡X Akm-

[y-am-bn-cp∂ Imcy-ß-fn-ep-amWv Cu ÿm\w \¬-I-s∏-

´Xv. C{]-Imcw, am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Ip∂, hkvXp-\n-jvThpw

]¶p-h-bv°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp shfn-®-sa∂ \ne-bn¬, a‰p-

≈-h-tcmSv \n¿t±-in-°m-hp∂ H∂m-bn-´-√, {]Im-i-Øns‚

A`m-h-Øn¬ B{i-bn-°m-hp∂, A‘-amb hnIm-c-ß-fm¬

\bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ccp-´n-te-°p≈ Hcp Nph-Sp-h-bv]mtbm

AYhm lrZ-bsØ Hcp-thf DtØ-Pn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v hy‡n-

]-c-amb kam-izmkw \¬In-tb-°m-hp∂ Bt]-£n-I-amb

Hcp shfn-®am-bnt´m BWv hnizmkw a\- n-em-°-s∏- Xv.

F∂n-cp-∂mepw, `mhnsb {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-hm≥ bp‡n-

bp-tSXp am{X-amb shfn-®w aXn-bm-hp-I-bn√ F∂-Xv kmh-

[m\w, F∂m¬ \n›-b-ambpw hy‡-am-Ipw. BXy-¥n-I-

ambn, `mhn, \ng¬ho-WXpw Adn-b-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn-

®p≈ `b-Øns‚ Zq-jy-^-e-ßƒ t]dp-∂-Xp-am-Ipw. XXv-

^eambn, XmXvIm-en-I-amb {]` ]c-Øp-∂Xpw AtX-k-

abw am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Ip-hm≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-Xp-amb, XmcX-

tay\ sNdnb {]Im-i-ß-fm¬ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n

kXyw X-s∂-bmb Hcp alXvshfn®-Øn\pth≠n-bp≈

At\zjWw am\-h-k-aqlw ]cn-Xy-Pn-®p. F∂m¬, shfn®-

Øns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ F√mw XI-cm-dn-em-Ip-∂p; \∑tbXv,

Xn∑-tbXv, AYhm Hcn-S-Øp-sa-ØmsX, \sΩ Ah-km-\-

an-√mØ he-b-Øn-eqsS \bn-°p∂ At\Iw ]mX-I-fpsS

CS-bn¬ e£y-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ b-Ym¿∞ am¿K-taXv

F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bmsX hcp∂p.

15

hos≠-Sp-°-s∏-tS≠ Hcp shfn®w4. Aßs\, hnizmkw shfn-®-am-sW∂pw hnizm-k-\mfw

AW-™p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ as‰√m {]Im-i-ßfpw aßn-ØpS-

ßp-sa∂pw Hcn-°¬°qSn Xncn-®-dn-tb≠ ASn-b-¥n-c-amb

Bhiyw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-Øns‚

kakvX `mh-ß-sfbpw {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-hm≥ AXn\p

Ign-hp-≈-Xn-\m¬ hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w kam-\-X-bn-

√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. C{X i‡-amb Hcp shfn®w \ΩpsS-bp≈n¬

\n∂p-¤-hn-°pI Akm-[y-am-Wv. AXv IqSp-X¬ BZn-Im-

c-W-amb t{kmX- n¬ \n∂p-¤q-X-am-I-Ww: H‰-hm-°n¬

]d-™m¬ AXv ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p hc-Ww. \ap°p ap≥]p-

X-s∂-bp-≈Xpw kpc-£bv°pw PohnXw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-

∂-Xn\pw \ap-°m-{i-bn-°m-hp-∂Xpw \sΩ hnfn®v Xs‚

kvt\lw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-amb Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-hp-

am-bp≈ Hcp I≠p-ap-´-en¬ \n-∂m-Wv hnizmkw P\n-°p-

∂-Xv. Cu kvt\l-Øm¬ cq]m-¥-c-s∏´v, ]pXnb IÆp-

Iƒ, ]pXnb Z¿i\w, \mw ssIh-cn-°p-∂p; Bfl-km-£m-

XvIm-c-Øns‚ Hcp alXvhmKvZm-\w AXv Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-

sh∂pw `mhn-bp-tS-Xmb Hcp Z¿i\w \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬

Xpd-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p-ap≈ t_m[yw \ap-°p-≠m-Ip-∂p.

AXn- u-Xn-I-amb Hcp Zm\-ambn ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw kzoI-

cn® hn-izmkw Ime-Øn-eqsSbp≈ \ΩpsS {]bm-WsØ

\bn-®p-sIm≠v ]mX-I-fn¬ {]Im-i-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Hcp

`mKØv, CXp `qX-Im-e-Øn¬\n∂pw hcp∂ Hcp {]Im-i-

am-Wv; ac-W-Øn-s‚-ta¬ hnPbw hcn-°p-hm≥ i‡-amb,

]cn-]q¿Æ-ambpw hniz-k-\o-b-amb Ahn-SpsØ kvt\lw

shfns∏-Sp-Ønb, tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

ASnÿm-\-]-c-amb Hm¿Ω-bpsS {]Im-iw. F-∂m¬, tbip



Dbn¿-sØ-gp-t∂‰v ac-W-Øn-\-∏p-d-tØ°v \sΩ B\-bn-

°p∂-Xn-\m¬, hnizmkw `mhn-bn¬-\n-∂pw hcp-∂Xpw

\ΩpsS GIm-¥-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬-\n-∂pw Iq´m-bva-bpsS

hnim-e-X-bn-te°v \sΩ \bn-°p∂ A\-¥-amb N{I-hm-

f-ßƒ \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬ Xpd-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp {]Im-i-

hp-a-t{X. hnizmkw \ngenepw hnjm-ZOm-b-bnepw hkn-

°p-I-bn-s√∂pw AXv \ΩpsS A‘-Im-c-a-I-‰p∂ shfn®-

am-sW∂pw, \mw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. "Unssh≥ tImaUn'bn¬

hnip≤ ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSv Xs‚ hnizmkw {]Jym-]n-®-Xn-

\p-tijw Zms¥, shfn-®sØ Cßs\ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p:

""IØn-Pz-en-°p∂ Hcp \mf-ambnØo-cp-∂Xpw Hcp kz¿-

Kob\£{Xwt]m-se Fs‚ D≈n¬ an∂p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp

kv penw-Kw.''4 am\-h-k-aq-l-Øn\v, shfn®w G‰hpw Bh-

iy-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn¬, IqSp-X¬ Pzen®v

h¿Ø-am-\-Im-esØ {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v \ΩpsS bm{X-

bpsS N{I-hm-fsØ {]`m-]q-cn-X-am°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Hcp

\£-{X-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Cu shfn-®-sØ-

°p-dn®p ]d-bp-hm-\mWv Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

5. ]oUm-k-l-\-Øns‚ Xte-∂mƒ {InkvXp ]t{Xm-

kn-t\mSp ]d-™p: ""\ns‚ hnizmkw £bn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥

Rm≥ \n\-°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-®p'' (eq°m 22:32). A\-

¥cw Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-sc AtX hnizm-k-Øn¬ i‡n-

s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ahn-Sp∂v ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p.

]t{Xm-kns‚ ]n≥Km-an-bn¬ c-ta-ev]n-°-s∏´n- p≈ ZuXy-

sØ kw_-‘n® t_m[y-tØmsS, s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-

dm-a≥ am¿]m∏, hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xns‚ al-Ømb kt¥m-

jw A\p-`-hn-°p-hm\pw hnizmkw \-Ωp-sS ap≥]n¬

Xpd°p∂ hnim-e-amb N{I-hm-f-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ \ΩpsS

17

A¤p-Xm-Z-c-ßƒ \ho-I-cn-°p-hm\pw I¿Øm-hns‚ kvac-

W-tbm-Sp≈ hniz-kvX-X-tbm-sSbpw Ahn-SpsØ km∂n-

[y-Ømepw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ {]-h¿Ø-\-Ømepw \ne-

\n-∂p-sIm≠pw, hnizmkw A-Xns‚ Iq´m-bva-bnepw ka-

{K-X-bnepw {]Jym-]\w sNøp-∂-Xn\pw \sΩ klm-bn-

°p-∂-Xmb Ir]-bpsS Hcp Ime-L´w, "hnizm-k-h¿jw',

{]Jym-]n-®p. Pohn-X-Øn\v amlm-flyhpw km£m-XvIm-

chpw {]Zm-\w-sN-øp∂, {InkvXp-hnepw Ahn-SpsØ Ir]-

bpsS i‡n-bnepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb hnizm-k-Øn¬ \n∂p-

¤q-X-am-Ip∂ t_m[yw BZn-a-ss{I-kvX-hcpsS ZuXy-

Øn\p {]tNm-Z\w \¬In. tdma≥ {]os^-IvSm-bn-cp∂

dqÃn-°-kpw lncmIvkv F∂ Hcp ss{IkvX-h\pw XΩn¬

\S∂ Cu kwhmZw c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS \S-]-Sn-bn¬ \mw

hmbn-°p-∂p: ""\ns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ FhnsS?'' \ymbm-

[n-]≥ c‡-km-£n-tbmSp tNmZn-®p. ""Rß-fpsS bYm¿∞

]nXmhv {InkvXp-hm-Wv; amXmhv Ahn-Sp-∂n-ep≈ hnizm-

khpw''5 CXmbncp∂p Ahs‚ adp-]-Sn. BZna ss{IkvX-

hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw {InkvXp-hn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-

s∏´ Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp I≠p-ap-´¬ F∂

\ne-bn¬ hnizmkw Hcp ""am-Xm-hp''Xs∂ Bbn-cp-∂p.

Fs¥-∂m¬, AXv Ahsc shfn-®-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-

cn-Ibpw Ah-cp-sS-bp-≈n¬ ssZhn-I-Po-h-\n-te°v P∑-a-cp-

fp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AX-h¿°v, A¥yw-hsc, ]c-ky-ambn

km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ah¿ Xøm-dm-bn-cp∂ Hcp \h-amb

A\p- -hhpw AkvXn-Xz-Øn-s‚ {]Im-i-am-\-amb Hcp Z¿i-

\-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

6. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ kam-cw-`n-®-Xns‚

A≥]Xmw hm¿jn-I-Øn-emWv hnizm-k-h¿jw DZvLm-S\w



sNø-s∏-´-Xv. k` F∂ \ne-bnepw hy‡n F∂ \ne-

bnepw, {InkvXp-hn-ep≈, ssZh-Øns‚ {]Y-a-ÿm\w Pohn-

X-Øns‚ tI{μ-Øn¬ ]p\x-{]-Xn-jvTn-°p-hm≥ \tΩmSv

Blzm\w sNøp-I-hgn, c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬,

hnizm-ksØ B[m-c-am-°n-bp-≈ Hcp almktΩ-f-\-am-

bn-cp∂p6 F∂-Xns‚ hy‡-amb Hcp kqN-\-bm-Wn-Xv.

hnizm-ksØ k` Hcn-°epw emL-h-_p-≤n-tbmsS kao-

]n-°p-∂n-√. Xs‚ Xo¿∞m-S-\-Øn¬ Ahsf \nc-¥cw

\bn-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZh-Øns‚ Cu Zm\w ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xp-s≠∂v k -

bv°-dn-bmw. \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Ønse a\pjysc A\p-

bm{X sNbvXp-sIm≠v, Ah-cpsS am\p-jn-Im-\p-`-h-ßsf

D≈n¬\n∂pw {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-∂-Xn\v, c≠mw hØn-

""hnizm-k-Øns‚ cq]-IY'';s_¿Wm¿tZm a°n-bpsS cN\ (17˛mw \q‰m-≠v)

19

°m≥ Iu¨-kn¬ hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®sØ Ign-hp-‰-

Xm-°n; hn-izm-kw Pohn-XsØ AXns‚ F√m `mh-ß-

fnepw F{]-Im-c-amWv [\y-am-°p-∂Xv F∂v AXv hy‡-

am-°n.

7. Cu ssZhnI ]pWy-sØ-°p-dn®v, k`-bpsS {]t_m-

[-\m-[n-Imcw ]Tn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn,7 hn-

izmksØ°pdn-®p≈ Cu ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ, D]-hn-sb-bpw

{]Xym-i-sbbpw Ipdn-®p≈ Xs‚ Nm{In-I-te-J-\-ß-fn¬

s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m∏ Fgp-Xnb Imcy-ß-

tfmSv Iqń-t®¿°p-hm≥ Dt±-in-®p-≈-h-bm-Wv. hnizm-k-sØ-

°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp Nm{In-I-te-J-\-Øns‚ IcSp-cq]w At±-

lw-Xs∂ GI-tZiw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\v F\n-

°-t±-l-tØmSv AKm-[-amb \μn-bp-≠v. {InkvXp-hn¬ At±-

l-Øns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu khn-ti-j-

I¿Øhyw Gs‰-SpØv Ft‚-Xmb Nne kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

AXn-t\mSv tN¿°p-I-bmWv Rm≥ sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. a\p-

jy-hw-i-Øns‚ ]mX-bn¬ Hcp shfn-®-ambn ssZhw \¬In-

bn-cn-°p∂, hnizm-k-Øns‚ hne-a-Xn-°m-\m-hmØ B

\n[n-bn¬, Xs‚ ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑msc i‡n-s∏-Sp-

Øp-hm≥, ]t{Xm-kns‚ ]n≥Kman, C∂-sebpw C∂pw

\msfbpw F√m-bvt]mgpw hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

AXn-ù-Xn-I- \n-th-inX ]pWy-amb ssZh-Øns‚

hnizm-k-Zm-\-Øn¬, \ap°v Hcp alm-kvt\lw \¬I-s∏-

ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw, \∑-bpsS Hcp hN\w, amwkw [cn®

hN-\-amb tbip, \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p-

ap≈ t_m[yw \ap-°p-≠m-hp-Ibpw B hN-\sØ \mw

kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv \sΩ

cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw `mhn-bn-te-°p≈ \ΩpsS ]mX-



bn¬ shfn®w hoipIbpw {]Xym-i-bpsS Nnd-In-tedn

kt¥m-j-tØm-Sp-IqsS B ]mX-bn¬ apt∂dp-hm≥ \sΩ

Ign-hp-≈-h-cm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C{]-Im-cw ssZh-hp-am-

bp≈ ]q¿W- sF-Iy-Øn-te°v hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp-

∂Xpw AXn-i-b-I-c-amw-hn[w ]c-kv]cw Dƒt®¿∂n-

´p≈Xpamb hnizmkw, {]Xymi, D]hn F-∂o ssZhnI

]pWy-ß-fmWv ss{IkvX-h-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Nme-I-i-‡n.

]t£, hnizmkw \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬ Xpd-°p∂ Cu ]mX

F{]-Im-c-ap-≈-XmWv? hnP-b-I-chpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb Hcp

Pohn-X-bm-{Xsb {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p∂ i‡-amb Cu shfn-

®-Øns‚ D¤hw F¥mWv?

21

A[ymbw H∂v

\mw kvt\lØn¬hnizkn®ncn°p∂p

(cf. 1 tbml. 4:16)

A{_mlw, hnizmkØn¬ \ΩpsS ]nXmhv8. hnizmkw \ΩpsS ap≥]nep≈ am¿Kw Xpd-∂p-X-cpI-

bpw Ime-Øneq-sS-bp≈ \ΩpsS Nph-Sp-h-bv]p-Isf A\p-

bm{X sNøp-I-bpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ hnizmk-sa-¥m-

sW∂p {Kln-°p-hm≥ \mw B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, ]g-

b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ BZywXs∂ km£ys∏Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈Xp-

t]mse, hnizmk{]bm-W-Øn-\mbn hnizm-kn-Iƒ kzoI-

cn® am¿Kßfpw, Ah¿ IS-∂p-t]mb ]mXI-fpw \mw A\p-

[m-h\w sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. ChnsS, hnizmk-Øn¬ \ΩpsS

]nXm-hmb A{_mlØn\v AXpeyamb Hcp ÿm\-am-


Wp-≈-Xv. Akz-ÿX Df-hm-°p∂ Nne-sXms° At±-l-

Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂p: ssZhw At±-l-

tØmSv kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. Xm≥ a\p-jy-t\mSp kwkm-cn-

°p∂ Hcp ssZh-am-sW∂p shfns∏Sp-Øn-s°m≠v, A{_m-

lsØ t]cp-sNm√n hnfn-°p-∂p. hnizmkw {ih-W-tØmSp

_‘-s∏´ncn-°p-∂p. A{_m-lw ssZhsØ ImWp-∂n-√;

]t£ Ahn-SpsØ kzcw {ihn-°p-∂p-≠v. Aßs\ hnizm-

kw hy‡n-]cam-b Hcp kz`mhw B¿÷n-°p-∂p. ssZhw,

Hcp {]tXyI ÿe-Øns‚ ssZh-a-√; AYhm, Ahn-Sp∂v

hnip-≤-amb Hcp {]tXyI Ime-L-´-Øns‚ tZh-\p-a√,

Ahn-Sp∂v a\pjy-\p-ambn ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn®p {]h¿-

Øn°phm-\pw Ah-\pambn DS-º-Sn-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-hm\pw

Ign-hp≈, Hcp hy‡n-bpsS, A{_-ml-Øns‚bpw Cklm-

°n-s‚bpw bm-t°m-_n-s‚bpw ssZh-am-Wv. \sΩ t]cp-

sNm√n hnfn-°pIbpw Ahn-SpsØ hN-\-tØmSv hy-‡n-

]cambn \sΩ {]Xn-_-≤-X-bn-em-°pI-bpw sNøp∂ Hcp

""A]c''-t\mSp≈ (''Thou") \ΩpsS {]Xyp-Øc-amWv

hnizmkw.

9. A{_m-l-tØmSv ]d-b-s∏´ hN-\-Øn¬ Hcp hnfn-

bpw Hcp hmKvZm-\hpw AS-ßp-∂p-≠v. H∂m-a-Xmbn, Xs‚

kztZiw Dt]-£n-°p-hm-\p≈ hnfn-bm-WXv, Hcp ]pXp-Po-

hn-X-Øn-tebv°p≈ hnfn-. ap≥Iq-´n- Im-Wm-\m-hmØ Hcp

`mhn-bn-tebv°v Ahs\ \bn-°p∂ Hcp ]pd-∏mSn-s‚

Bcw`w. hnizmkw A{_m-l-Øn\v {]Zm-\w- sN-øp∂-Xmb

`mhn-Z¿i\w, Cu Nph-Sp-hbv]v kzoIcn®v apt∂m´p \otß-

≠Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bpambn Ft∏m-gpw _‘-s∏- n-cp∂p.

ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-Øm¬ Xpd°-s∏-Sp∂ N{I-hm-f-Øn-

tebv°p {]th-in-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p-sIm≠v \S-Øp∂

B bm{X FØp-∂n-Sw-h-sc-bmWv hnizm-k-Øns‚ ""ImgvN''-

bpsS ]cn-[n. Cu hN-\w Hcp hmKvZm\hpw Dƒs°m-≈p-

23\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

∂p-≠v: \ns‚ k¥m\-]-c-ºc Akw-Jy-am-bn-cn-°pw,

\o al-Ømb Hcp P\-X-bpsS ]nXm-hm-bn-cn°pw (cf. D¬].

13:16, 15:5, 22:17). ap≥t]-Xs∂ Bhn¿`-hn® hN-\-tØm-

Sp≈ {]-Xyp-Øc-sa-t∂mWw A{_-mlØns‚ hnizmkw

A\p-kva-c-W-bpsS A\p-kyq-X-amb Hcp {]Im-i-\-ambn-

cn-t°-≠n-bn-cp∂p. Cu A\p-kva-cW `qX-Im-e-kw-`-h-ß-

sf°p-dn-®p-am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√; t\tc-a-dn®v Hcp hmKvZm-\-

Øns‚ Hm¿Ω- F∂ \ne-bn¬, Xnc-s™-Sp-t°≠-Xmb

]mX-bn¬ shfn-®w-XqIn, mhn-bn-te-°p≈ hmXmb-\-ßƒ

Xpd-°p∂-Xn\v ]cym-]vXambn-cp-∂p. Aßs\, mhn-sb-°p-

dn®p≈ kvac-W (memoria futuri)- F∂ \nebn¬ hnizmkw

Fß-s\-bmWv {]Xym-i-tbmSv Ahn-`m-Py-amw-hn[w _‘-

s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v \mw {Kln°p-∂p.

10. Cu hN-\-Øn\v kzbw `c-ta¬∏n-°p-hm≥ Xøm-

dm-I-W-sa∂v ssZhw A{_m-l-tØmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

hm°p-t]m-se, A{X-am{Xw £Wn-Ihpw thK-Øn¬ IS∂p-

t]m-Ip-∂-Xp-amb H∂v, hniz-kvXX Xs∂-bmb ssZhw

Acp-fn-s®-øp-tºmƒ, Ncn-{X-Øn-eqsSbp≈ \ΩpsS {]bm-

W-Øn\v Dd-∏p-\¬In-s°m≠v Atß-b‰w kp\n-›n-Xhpw

Cf-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xp-ambn hn-°p-∂p-sh∂v hnizmkw {Kln-

°p-∂p. hnizmkw, Cu -h-N\-sØ, \ΩpsS PohnXw ]Sp-

Øp-b¿Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Dd-∏p≈ ]md-bmbpw \ap°v

bm{X sNøm-hp∂ hnime-amb t\¿ho-Yn-bmbpw kzoI-cn-

°p-∂p. "Faq\m' ( ) F∂ lo{_p-]-Z-am-Wv, ss_-

_nfn¬ hnizmkw F∂ A¿∞-ap≈ faith F∂ ]Z-Øn\p

Xpey-ambn´p-≈-Xv. "Bam≥' ( ) F∂ {Inbm [mXp-

hn¬\n∂v D¤-hn® Cu ]Z-Øns‚ aqem¿∞w ]n≥Xp-

W-bv°pI, apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°pI (to uphold) Fs∂m-s°-bm-

Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ hniz-kvXXbpw a\p-jys‚ hnizm-k-

hpw: Ch c≠pw A¿∞-am-°p-hm≥ emûnâh F∂ ]Z-


Øn\p Ign-bpw. hnizm-k-Øns‚ a\p-jy≥, hniz-kvX-\mb

ssZ-h-Øns‚ Ic-ß-fn¬ kzbw c-ta-ev]n-®p-sIm≠v i‡n-

B¿Pn°p∂p. Cu hm°ns‚ Zzbm¿∞w \∂mbn Dƒs°m-

≠p-sIm-≠v—-b-Ym-{Iaw {Ko°n-sebpw eØo-\nse-bpw

XØp-ey-]-Z-ß-fmb pistós, fidelis (]nkvtØm-kv, ^n-tZ-

en-kv) F∂o ]Z-ßƒ°pw Cu Zzbm¿∞-ap-≠v-—ssZ-h-Øn-

s‚ kz¥w t]cp-Xs∂ e_v[-amb ss{IkvX-h-s‚ al-

Øz-sØ-°p-dn®p Pdp-k-te-anse hnip≤ kndn¬ {]-Io¿-

Øn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cu A¿∞-Øn¬, ssZhhpw a\p-

jy\pw "faithful" 8 (hniz-kvX≥, hnizm-kn) F∂v hnfn-°-

s∏-Sm-a-t√m. hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkv CXn-s\ Cß-s\-

bmWp hymJym-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv: ""ssZh-Øn-epw Ahn-SpsØ

hmKvZm-\-ß-fnepw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°ptºmƒ a\p-jy≥

hnizmkn-bmbn (faithful) Xocp-∂p. Xm≥ hmKvZm\w sN-

bvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy\v {]Zm\w sNøp-tºmƒ ssZhhpw

(faithful) hniz-kvX-\mbn Xocp-∂p.''9

11. A{_mlØns‚ hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn®p a\- n-em-

°p-∂Xn\v At±-l-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-Ønse Ah-km-\-sØ-

Hcp LS-Iw Gsd {]m[m\yw A¿ln-°p∂p. ssZh-h-N\w,

\ho-\-Xbpw hnkva-bhpw Df-hm-°p-tºmƒ AXv A{_m-

l-Øns‚ A\p-`-h-ßƒ°v H´pw hncp-≤-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

Xt∂mSp kwkm-cn® B kzc-Øn¬, Xs‚ AkvXn-Xz-

Øns‚ AI-°m-ºn¬ A\p-kyqXw k∂n-ln-X-am-bn-cp∂

Bgamb Hcp hnfn tKm{X-]n-Xm-hmb A{_mlw Xncn-®-dn-

bp-∂p. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ønse; F√m-bvt]mgpw G‰hpw ""ip -

{]-Xo£ \nd™'' ("full of promise), ]pXnb Poh\v P∑w

sImSp-°p-∂, amXr-Xzhpw ]nXr-Xzhpw (Parenthood) F∂

B `mh-tØmSv ssZhw Xs‚ hmKvZm-\sØ (Promise)_‘n-∏n-°p∂p: ""\ns‚ `mcy-bmb kmdmXs∂ \n\-

s°mcp ]p{Xs\ {]k-hn-°pw. \o Ah\v Ck-lm°v F∂v

25

t]cp-hn-fn-°Ww'' (DXv]. 17:19). X∂n¬ kºq¿Æ-amb

{]Xymi A¿∏n-°p-hm≥ A{_-mltØmSv Bh-iy-s∏Sp∂

ssZhw-Xs∂, ka-kvX-Po-h-s‚bpw Dd-hn-S-am-bn Xs∂-

Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Aßs\ hnizm-k-sa-∂Xv,

kakvX krjvSn-Iƒ°pw AkvXn-Xz-a-cp-fp∂ ssZh-Øns‚

]nXr-Xz-tØmSv _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv; ""AkvXn-Xz-an-√m-Ø-

hbv°v AkvXnXzw \¬Ip∂'' (tdmam. 4:17) {kjvSm-hmb

ssZh-amWv A{_m-lsØ hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Ahn-Sp∂v temI-

ÿm-]-\-Øn-\p- ap-ºp-Xs∂ \sΩ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bpw....

Xs‚ ZØp-]p-{X-cmbn, Ahn-SpsØ lnX-hpw e£y-hp-a-

\p-k-cn®v ap≥Iq´n Xocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (Ft^.

1:4˛5). A{_m-lsØ kw_-‘n®nStØmfw ssZh-Øn-

ep≈ hnizmkw At±-l-Øn-s‚ AkvXnXz-Øns‚ Bg-

ß-fn-te-°p-Xs∂ shfn®w hoip-∂p. ka-kvX-h-kvXp-°-

fp-sSbpw Bcw-`-Ønep≈, \∑-bpsS Dd-hn-SsØ Xncn

-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw Xs‚ Pohn-Xw AtN-X-\-h-kvXp-°-fn¬

\nt∂m bmZr-—n-I-kw-`-hß-fn¬\nt∂m Dcp-Øn-cn™

H∂s√∂pw, ]ns∂tbm hy‡n-]-c-amb Hcp hnfn-bp-sSbpw

kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw ^e-am-sW∂pw a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw

AXv At±-lsØ i‡-\m-°p-∂p. Xs∂ hnfn® \nKq-

V-\mb ssZhw X\n°v A\y\pw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-hm≥

hln-bm-Ø-h-\p-amb Hcp tZh-\-√. ]ns∂tbm Ahn-Sp∂v

Dcp-hm-bn-cn-°p∂ kakvX hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw Bcw-`-hpw

apJy Ah-ew-_-hp-amb ssZh-a-t{X. A{_mlØns‚

hnizm-k-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb ]co-£-W-amb ]p{X-\mb

Cklm-°ns‚ _en-bn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂, ac-W-Øn-\-∏pdw

PohnXw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v A\m-Zn-bn¬Øs∂ AkvXn-Xz-

ap≈ Cu kvt\l-Øn\p≈ Ignhv Z¿in-°p-hm≥ km[n-

°pw. ""arX\p kZr-i-''\m-bn-cp-∂-h\v, kmdm-bpsS ""h‘y-

amb'' DZ-c-Øn¬-\n∂v Hcp ]p{Xs\ \¬Ip-hm≥ Ign™

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p


ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\v, (cf. tdmam. 4:19) F√m A]IS-ßfpw

`oj-Wn-Ifpw AXn-Po-hn-°p∂ Hcp `mhnsb-°pdn-®p≈

hmKvZm\w \nd-th-‰p-hm\pw Ignbpw (cf. sl{_m. 11:19;

tdmam. 4:21).

C{km-tb-ens‚ hnizmkw12. ]pd-∏m-Sns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬, C{k-mtb¬ P\-X-bpsS

Ncn{Xw A{_m-lans‚ hnizm-k-sØ ]n≥XpS-cp∂ Hcp

Ncn-{X-am-Wv. Aßs\ A\m-Zn-bnte AkvXn-Xz-ap≈ auen-

I-amb Hcp Zm\-Øn¬\n∂v hnizmkw Hcn-°¬-°qSn

Bhn¿`-hn-°p-I-bm-Wv; Xs‚ P\-Xsb IjvS-X-I-fn¬-

\n∂p hntam-Nn-∏n-°m-sa∂v hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ ssZh-Øn-

ep≈ C{km-tbens‚ hnizmkw F∂ Zm\-Øn¬\n∂v.

Aßs\, ko\mbv ae-bn¬ I¿Øm-hns\ Bcm-[n-°p-

Ibpw hmKvZ-Ø-`qan Ah-Im-i-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-

≈ kpZo¿L-amb Hcp bm{X-bn-te-bv°p≈ hnfn-bmbn hn-

izmkw ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw, bm{X-

bn¬ Xs‚ Ip™ns\ tXmfn-te-‰p∂ Hcp ]nXm-hns‚

""FΩm-hq-knse AØmgw''; sdw{_m-≠n-s‚ cN\ (1628)

27

kvt\lw-t]mse Ah¿°-\p -h-s∏´p (cf. \nb-. 1:31). Xs‚

P\sØ hntam-Nn-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ahsc \bn°p-hm-\pw

ssZhw \n¿h-ln® {]h¿-Ø-\-ßfpw Hcp Xe-ap-d-bn¬-

\n∂p as‰m∂n-te°p ssIam‰w sNø-s∏´ Ah-bpsS hn

h-c-W-ßfpw (cf. \nb-. 26:5˛11) C{km-tb¬ P\-X-bpsS

hnizm-k-Øns‚ G‰p-]-d-®n-embn cq]w {]m]n-®p. I¿Øm-

hns‚ i‡-amb {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS A\p-kva-c-W-Øn-eqsS

ssZhn-I-{]-Imiw C{km-tb¬ P\-X-bp-sS-ta¬ {]Im-in-

°p-Ibpw, Bcm-[-\-bn¬ B-N-cn®pw BtLm-jn®pw Ah-

bpsS Hm¿Ω- amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬\n∂v a°-fn-te°v ssI-

am‰w sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®w,

kaq¿Ø-amb Pohn-X-kw- -h-ß-tfmSpw ssZh-Øns‚ i‡-

amb Ic-th-e-I-fp-sSbpw Ahn-SpsØ hmKvZm\-ß-fpsS {I-

am\pKXamb ]q¿ØoIcWØn-s‚bpw IrX⁄-Xm-]q¿-

hamb kvac-W-I-tfmSpw _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv F{]-Im-c-

am-sW∂v ChnsS \mw ImWp-∂p. tKmYnIv hmkvXp-in-

ev]-hnZy CXn\v hy‡-amb {]Im-i\w \¬In-bn-´p-≠v:

_rl-Ømb IØo-{U¬ ssZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ c£m-Ic

N-cn{Xw Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ Pme-I-]m-fn-I-fn-eq-sS,

{]Imiw kz¿K-Øn¬-\n∂pw Xmtg°v sNmcn-b-s∏-Sp∂p.

Ahn-Sp-sØ kzbmhn-jv°m-c-Øn-s‚ hnh-c-WØneqsS

ssZhn-I-{]-Imiw \Ωn-te°v IS-∂p-h-cp-Ibpw, ssZ-

hnIZm\-ßƒ A\p-kva-cn®pw Ahn-Sp∂v F{]-Im-c-amWv

Xs‚ hmKvZm\-ßƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-sX∂v {]I-S-am-°nbpw Im-

eØneq-sS-bp-≈ \ΩpsS {]bm-W-sØ AXv {]Im-i-am-

\-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

13. C{km-tb¬ P\X H∂n-tesd XhW hoWp-t]mb

Ahn-izm-k-sa∂ {]tem-`-\-sØbpw C{km-tb-ens‚

N-cn{Xw \ap°p ImWn-®pX-cp-∂p. ChnsS hnizm-k-Øn\v

FXn-cmb Imcy-ambn hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-sbbmWv FSpØp



ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. ko\mbv ae-bn¬ tami ssZh-tØmSv

kwkm-cn-®n-cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬, ssZh-Øns‚ \nKq-V-X-

bpsS clkyw Xmßp-hm≥ C{km-tb¬ P\-ßƒ°p Ign-

bp-∂n-√; Ahn-SpsØ apJw Z¿in-°p-hm-\p≈ ka-bw-

h-scbpw ImØn-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ £a Ah¿ {]Z¿in-∏n-

°p∂n-√. ImgvN Dd∏p-\¬Intb-°m-hp∂ DS-\Sn Ic-ÿ-

am°pI F∂ Imcyw kwXy-Pn-°p-hm≥ hnizmkw A-

Xns‚ kz`m-h-Øm¬Xs∂ \tΩm-Sm-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂p; CXm-

I-s´, DNn-X-amb ka-b-Øv, hy‡n-]-c-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-Xp-h-sc, Xs‚ apJ-`m-h-Øns‚ \nKq-V-Xsb BZ-cn-®p-

sIm≠v shfn-®-Øns‚ Dd-hn-S-Øn-tebv°v Xncn-bp-hm-\p≈

Hcp £W-am-Wv. hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-sb-°p-dn®v tIm°nse

d∫n \¬In-bn-´p≈ Hcp \n¿h-N\w am¿´n≥ _q_¿ D

≤-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn: ""Hcp apJw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ apJ-a-

√mØ as‰mcp apJsØ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv

hn{K-lm-cm[\.'' 10 ChnsS, ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-

Øns‚ ÿm-\Øv hn{K-lsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-XmWv IqSp-

X¬ A`n-Im-ay-sa∂ tXm∂-ep-≠m-Ip-∂p. ImcWw Cu

hn{K-l-Øns‚ apJ-tØ°p \ap°p t\cn-´p-t\m-°p-hm≥

Ign-bpw; \Ωp-sS-Xs∂ Ic-th-e-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ AXns‚ Dd-

hnShpw \ap-°-dn-bmw. Hcp hn{K-l-Øns‚ ap≥]n¬

\n¬°p-tºmƒ \-ΩpsS kpc-£n-XXzw ]cn-Xy-Pn-°-W-

sa∂ A]-I-S-hp-an-√, ImcWw ""hn{K-l-ßƒ°v A[-c-ß-

fp-s≠-¶nepw kwkmcn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√'' (k¶o.

115:5). kz¥w Ic-ßƒ-sIm≠p sa\™ Ahsb Bcm-

[n-®p-sIm≠v bmYm¿∞y-ß-fpsS tI{μ-ÿm-\Øp \sΩ-

Øs∂ {]XnjvTn°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp Hgn-I-gn-hmbn hn{K-l-

ßsf \mw ImWp-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. a\p-jy\v, Ahs‚

AkvXn-XzsØ GIo-I-cn-°p∂ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Znim-

t_m[w \jvS-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ kz¥w A`n-em-j-ß-fpsS

29

Iqºm-c-Øn-te°v Ah≥ XI¿-∂p-ho-gp-Ibpw; hmKvZm-\-

ßƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ ka-bw-h-sc ImØncn-°p-hm≥

hnk-Ω-Xn-®p-sIm-≠v, ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-an-√mØ Ahs‚

PohnXw inYn-e-am-°-s∏´ Akw-Jyw -kw-`-h-ßfn-te°v

\n]-Xn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ncn-{X-ambn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

e£y-an-√msX Hcp tZh-\n¬\n∂v as‰mcp tZh-\n-te°v

A`bw {]m]n-°p∂ hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Ft∏mgpw _lp-tZ-

h-Xm-hmZw Xs∂-bm-Wv. hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Hcp {]bmWw

hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂n√; \sΩ HcnS-Øpw F-Øn-°mØ Xc-

Øn¬ Zp¿L-Sm-h-ÿ-bn¬ AI-s∏-SpØp∂ ]mXI-fpsS

B[n-Iy-am-W-hn-sS-bp-≈-Xv. ssZh-Øn¬ {]Xymi A¿∏n-

°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-Im-Ø-h¿ ""\ns‚ {]Xymi F∂n¬

ka¿∏n-°pI'' F∂v ItTm-c-i-_vZ-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂

AkwJyw hn{K-l-ß-fpsS i_vZ-tIm-em-l-e-amWv

tIƒt°-≠n-h-cn-I. hnizmkw, am\km-¥-c-tØmSv _‘-

s∏-´-Xm-Wv; AXv hn{K-lmcm[\-bv°p hncp-≤hp-amWv.

Pohn-°p∂ ssZhsØ hniz-kn-°p∂ hy‡n, Pohn-°p∂

ssZhsØ hy‡n-]-c-ambn I≠p-ap- p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n, hn{K-

l-ß-fn¬ \n∂-I∂v Ahn-Sp∂n-tebv°p Xncn-bp-∂p. hniz-

kn-°pI F∂m¬, F√m-bv-t]mgpw \sΩ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw

\tΩmSp £an-°p-Ibpw, \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ \ne-\n¿Øp-

Ibpw \sΩ \bn-°p-Ibpw, \ΩpsS Ncn-{X-Ønse hf™

tcJ-Isf t\sc-bm-°n-s°m≠v Xs‚ i‡n {]I-S-am-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂ IcpWm-a-b-amb Hcp kvt\l-Øn\v \sΩ-

Øs∂ `c-ta¬]n-°pI F∂m-Wv. hnizm-kw A-S-ßn-

bn-cn-°p-∂Xv, ssZhØns‚ hnfn-°-\p-kr-X-ambn \nc-¥cw

cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn\v

\sΩ kzbw hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p Xøm-dm-bn-cn-°pI

F∂-Xn-emWv. Chn-sS-bm-Wv H-cp sshcp-≤y-ap-≈Xv: I¿-

Øm-hns‚ ]°-te°v \nc-¥cw Xncn-bp-∂-Xp-hgn, hn{Kl-



ßƒ \Ωp-sS-ta¬ ASn-t®¬∏n® Zp¿hr-Øn-I-fn¬\n∂v

\sΩ hntam-Nn-∏n-°p∂ kp\n›n-X-amb Hcp ]mX \mw

Is≠-Øp-I-bm-Wv sNøpI.

14. C{km-tb-ens‚ hnizm-k-Øn¬, a[y-ÿ-≥ F∂

\ne-bn¬ \mw tamisb I≠p-ap- p-∂p. P\w ssZh-Øns‚

apJw Z¿in-°p∂n-√; tami-bmWv ae-ap-I-fn¬-h®v bmlvth-

tbmSv kwkm-cn-°p∂Xpw ssZhØns‚ lnX-sa-¥m-sW∂v

]n∂oSv Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xpw. Cß-s\, Hcp a[y-ÿs‚

km∂n[yw aptJ\, C{km-tb¬ AXns‚ {]bm-W-Øn¬

HsØm-cp-an®v sFIy-Øn¬ \oßp-hm≥ ]Tn-°p-∂p. Hcp

hy‡n-bpsS hnizm-k-PohnXw, ""\Ωƒ'' Bbn ]cn-K-Wn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw ""Fs‚ BZy-Pm-X≥'' F∂v ssZ-hw C{km-

tb-en-s\-°pdn®p ]dbp-∂-{]-Imcw (cf. ]pd. 4:22), hnizm-

k-Øn¬ Hcp hy‡n°pkam\w Bbn-cn -°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ Hcp s]mXpkaq-l-Øn-emWv Pohn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

ChnsS, a[y-ÿ-X-sb-∂Xv Hcp {]Xn-_-‘-a√, t\tcadn®v

Hcp Xpdhn-bmWv: a‰p-≈-h-cp-am-bp≈ kam-KaØneqsS

\sΩ-°mƒ al-Ømb Hcp kXy-Øn-te°v \ΩpsS Z¿i-

\w DXvI¿-jw {]m]n-°p-∂p. X\n°p hy‡n-]c-ambn ssZ-

hsØ ImWp-hm≥ Ign-™n-s√∂v dqt m Hcn-°¬ hne-

]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn: ""F{X-b-[nIw Bfp-I-fmWv ssZh-Øn-

\pw F\n°pwat[y \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv!''11 ""jo≥ PmIzkv

dqt m-tbmSv t\cn´p kwkm-cn-°p∂Xn\v ssZhw tamisb

I-s≠Ønbn-cn-°m-sa-∂Xv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ A{X efn-X-

hpw kzm`m-hn-I-hp-amb Imcy-amtWm?''12 a\-xkm-£nsb

kw_-‘n® hy‡n-tI-{μo-Ir-Xhpw CSp-ßn-b-Xp-amb Nn-

¥m-KXn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a[y-ÿ-X-bpsS {]m[m-

\yhpw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ho£-W-tØmSv kl-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈

Cu Ignhpw, kvt\l-Øns‚ X\-Xp-`m-h-amb Cu ]¶p-h-

bv°p∂ Adnhpw Hcmƒ°v hne-a-Xn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√.

31

X∂n¬ {]Xymi A¿∏n-°p-hm\pw kzbw `c-ta¬]n-®p-

sIm-Sp-°p-hm\pw Ffn-abpw [oc-Xbpw \Ωn¬ \n∂m-h-

iy-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ kuP\y Zm\-amWv hnizm-kw.

ssZh-hp-ambpw a\pjy-cm-in-bp-am-bp≈ A`n-ap-J-Z¿i-\-Øn-

te°p \bn-°p∂ mkp-c-amb ]mX Z¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v CXp

\sΩ Ign-hp-≈-h-cm-°p-∂p.

ss{IkvXhhnizm-kØns‚ ]q¿WX15. ""Fs‚ Znhkw ImWmw F∂ {]Xo-£-bn¬

A{_mlw B\-μn-®p; Ah≥ AXp ImWp-Ibpw kt¥m-

jn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp''(tbml. 8:56). tbip-hns‚ Cu hN-

\-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v A{_ml-Øns‚ hnizmkw tbip-

hntebv°v- hnc¬Nq-≠p-∂Xmbn-cp-∂p; Hc¿∞-Øn¬, AXv

AhnSp-sØ clkyw ap≥Iq-´n-°-≠p a\ n-em-°n-s°m-

≠mWv. BK-X-\mb tbip-hn-e-√, hcm\n-cp∂ tbip-hn-

ep≈ hnizm-kw hgn-bm-Wv, tKm{X-]n-Xm°-∑m¿ c£-{]m-

]n-®-sX∂pw; AXv tbip-hns‚ mhnsb Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

Hcp hnizm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw {]Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ hnip≤

BK-kvXo-t\mkv CXp {Kln-®n-cp-∂p.''13 ss{I-kvXh-

hnizmkw {In-kvXp-hn¬ tI{μo-Ir-X-am-Wv; tbip I¿Øm-

hmsW∂pw ssZhw AhnSpsØ acn-®-hcn¬-\n∂v Dbn¿∏n-

®p-sh∂p-ap≈ G‰p-]-d-®n-em-WXv (cf. tdmam. 10:9). ]gb

\nb-a-Øn-se Nn¥m-[m-c-I-sf√mw tbip-hn¬ ka-\z-bn-°p-

∂p. Ahn-Sp∂v F√m hmKvZm-\-ß-tfm-Sp-ap≈ kp\n-›n-X-

amb ""AtX'' (yes)bpw \Ωƒ ssZh-tØmSv ""BtΩ≥''

F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ BXy-¥n-I-amb B[m-chpw Bbn-

Øo-cp-∂p (cf. 2 tImdn. 1:20). tbip-hns‚ Ncn{Xw ssZh-

Øns‚ hniz-kvX-XbpsS ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb {]Xy-£o-I-c-W-

am-Wv. C{km-tb-ens‚ hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]-\-Øns‚ ImXepw

Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ kq£va-Z¿i\w hnI-kz-c-am-



°nb bmYm¿-∞y-hp-am-b, ssZh-Øns‚ alm-kvt\-l-Øn-

s‚ {]I-S-\-ßƒ Ah¿ XpS¿∂pw A\p-kva-cn-s®-¶n¬

C∂v, ssZh-Øns‚ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb CS-s]-S-ens‚ tI{μ-

_n-μphpw Ahn-Sp-tØbv°v \tΩm-Sp≈ ]c-a-amb kvt\l-

Øns‚ {]I-S-\-hp-ambn tbip-hns‚ PohnXw \ne-sIm-

≈p-∂p. tb-ip-hn¬ ssZhw \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-°p∂Xv

Ahn-SpsØ A-t\Iw hN-\-ß-fn¬ HscÆ-a√; AXv Ahn-

SpsØ \nXy-h-N-\-amWv (cf. sl{_m. 1:1˛2). hnip≤

]utemkv \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, Ahn-SpsØ

kvt\l-Øn\v CXnt\°mƒ henb Hcpd∏v \¬Im≥ ssZ-

h-Øn\p Ign-bp-I-bn√ (cf. tdmam. 8:31˛39). A{]-Imcw,

ss{IkvXhhnizmkw ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb Hcp kvt\l-Øn¬,

\n¿Æm-b-I-amb AXns‚ i‡n-bn¬, temI-sØ cq]m-

¥-co-I-cn-°m-\pw AXns‚ Ncn{Xw A\m-h-cWw sNøp-

hm-\p-ap≈ AXns‚ Ign-hn¬ D≈ hnizm-k-am-Wv. ""ssZh-

Øn\p \tΩm-Sp≈ kvt\lw \mw Adn-bp-Ibpw AXn¬

hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p'' (1 tbml-. 4:16). hn-

izmkw, tbip-hn¬ shfn-hm-°-s∏´ ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬,

F√m bmYm¿∞y-ßfpw Ah-bpsS BXy-¥n-I-amb `mK-

t[-bhpw Z¿in-°p-∂p.

16. \ap°pth≠n acn-°p-∂-Xn-emWv {InkvXp-hns‚

kvt\l-Øns‚ hnizm-kyXbpsS kphy-‡-amb sXfnhv

\ap°v Is≠-Øm-\m-hpI. kvt\ln-X¿°p-th≠n Poh≥

A¿∏n-°p-∂-XmWv kvt\l-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb sX-fn-

sh¶n¬ (cf.tbml. 15:13), tbip F√m-h¿°pw-th≠n,

Xs‚ i{Xp-°ƒ°p-th≠n-t∏mepw, Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßsf

am\-km-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xn-\mbn kzPoh\¿-∏n-®p. F¥p-

sIm-≠v kphn-ti-j-I¿ {InkvXp-hns‚ {Iqip-a-c-W-Øns‚

aWn-°q-dns\ hnizm-k-Øns‚ kq£va-Z¿i\-Øns‚ ]ca-

Im-jvT-bmbn hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v CXv hni-Z-am-°p-∂p;

33

B aWn-°q-dn¬ ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ Bghpw hym-]vXn-

bpw t{]m÷z-e-am-°-s∏-´p. tbip-hns‚ AΩ-tbm-sSm-∏w,

IpØn-ap-dn-th-ev]n°s∏´-hs\ t\m°n-\n-∂ AtX aWn-

°q-dn-em-bn-cp∂p ZrV-amb km£yw \¬In-bXpw (cf.tbml. 19:37): ""AXp I≠-bmƒXs∂ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ahs‚ km£yw kXy-hp-am-Wv. \nßfpw

hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xn\p Xm≥ kXy-amWp ]d-bp-∂-sX∂v

Ah≥ Adn-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p'' (tbml. 19:35). sZkvtX-

hvkv°n-bpsS "hnUvVnI-fn¬' (The Idiots) arX-\mb

{InkvXp-hns\ I√-d-bn¬ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂, lm≥kv tlmƒ-

_o≥ Zn bß¿ cNn® -Nn{Xw ImWp∂ ankv°n≥ cmP-

Ip-am-c≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""Cu Nn{Xw ImWp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ Hcp-

h\v Xs‚ hnizmkw \jvS-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Imc-W-am-Ip-at√m.''14

{InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-Øn¬ ac-Ww -h-cp-Ønb hn\m-i-I-c-

amb ^eß-fpsS _o`-’-Nn-{Xo-I-c-W-am-W-Xv. F∂n´pw

IrXy-ambnØs∂ tbip-hns‚ ac-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

[ym\-Øn¬ \n∂mWv hnizmkw {]_-e-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw IÆ-

©pw-hn[w {]`m-]q-cn-X-am-Ip-∂-Xpw; At∏mgmWv \tΩm-

Sp≈; \ap°p c£ \¬Im≥th≠n ac-Ww-h-cn-°p-hm≥

]cym-]vX-amb {In-kvXp-hns‚ AN-©-e-amb kvt\l-

Ønep≈ hnizm-k-ambn AXv shfn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

AXns‚ Bgw {]IS-am-°phm≥th≠n ac-W-Øn-\p-ap≥]v

A¬]w-t]mepw ]n-t∂m´pt]mImØ Cu kvt\-lw;

F\n°p hniz-k-\o-b-amb Hcp kvt\l-am-W-Xv; {InkvXp-

hns‚ kºq¿Wamb Bfl-˛-Zm\w kIe kwi-b-ßfpw

adn-I-S-°p-∂p; Fs∂ apgp-h-\mbn Ahn-Sp-tØ°p `c-ta-

ev]n-°p-hm≥ AsXs∂ Ign-hp-≈-h\m°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

17. {InkvXp-hns‚ acWw, k¿thm-]cn Ahn-SpsØ

D∞m-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ ssZhnI kvt\l-Øns‚

]c-a-amb hnizm-kyX A\m-hr-X-am-°p-∂p. D∞n-X≥ F∂



\ne-bn¬, hnizm-k-Øn\p ]m{X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ hnizmktbm-

Ky-\mb km£n-bmWp {InkvXp (cf. shfn. 1:5; sl{_m.

2:17), \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ kpZr-V-amb Ah-ew-_hpw

Ahn-Sp∂pX-s∂. hnip≤ ]utemkv ]d-bp∂p: ""{InkvXp

Dbn¿∏n-°-s∏-´n-´n-s√-¶n¬ \nß-fpsS hnizmkw \njv^-

e-amWv'' (1 tImdn. 15:17). ]nXm-hns‚ kvt\lw tbip

-hn-s\ acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂v Dbn¿∏n-®n√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, Ahn-

SpsØ ico-csØ ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°m≥ B kvt\l-

Øn-\p Ign-™n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬, AXv ac-W-Øns‚

aqI-X-sb-°qSn {]Imi-am\-am°p-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈, ]q¿Æ-

ambpw hniz-k-\o-b-amb Hcp kvt\l-amIpam-bn-cp-∂n-√.

hnip≤ ]utemkv {InkvXp-hnep≈ Xs‚ ]pXnb Pohn-

X-sØ-°pdn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ, ""Fs∂ kvt\ln-°p-

I-bpw F\n-°p-th≠n Xs∂-Øs∂ _en-b¿∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvX ssZh-]p-{X-\nep≈ hnizm-ksØ''°pdn®v (Kem.

2:20) ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p≠v. kphy-‡-ambn, ""ssZh-]p-{X\n-

ep≈ hnizmkw'' A¿∞am°p-∂Xv ]utem-kn\v tbip-

hnep≈ hnizm-k-am-Wv; F∂m¬, ac-W-tØmfw \sΩ

kvt\ln-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{X-a-√, Ahn-SpsØ ssZhn-I-]p-

{XXzw aptJ-\bpw tbip kzb-ta-h-Xs∂ hnizm-k-tbm-

Ky-\m-sW∂v ChnsS A\p-am-\n°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. tbip ]p{X-

\m-b-Xp-sIm-≠pw, ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]nXm-hn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-

∂-Xn-\m-epw, ac-WsØ Iog-S-°p-hm\pw Pohs‚ ]q¿ÆX

D÷z-en-∏n-°m\pw Ahn-Sp-tØ°v km[n-®p. temI-Øn¬

ssZh-Øn-s‚ kaq¿-Ø-amb km∂n-[y-sØbpw {]h¿-Ø-

\-sØbpw kw_-‘n® Ah-t_m[w \ΩpsS kwkv-Im-c-

Øn\p \jvS-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ _‘-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw Gsd AIse, bmYm¿-∞y-Øns‚ Xe-Øn-

s\ms° AXo-X-\mbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂-h-\mWv ssZhw F∂v

\mw Icp-Xp-∂p. F∂m¬ CXmbncp∂p bYm¿∞ hkvXp-

35

X-sb-¶n¬, Cu temI-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn\v {]h¿Øn-°m≥

km[n-®ncp-∂n-s√-¶n¬, Ahn-SpsØ kvt\lw hmkvX-h-

Øn¬ i-‡hpw bYm¿∞-hpw; AXv hmKvZm\w sNøp∂

\nXym-\μw {]Zm\w sNøp-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈-hn[w Hcp

hmkvXhw-t]mepw BIp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. \mw AhnSp∂n¬

hniz-kn-°pItbm hniz-kn-°m-Xncn-°p-Itbm sNøp-

∂Xn¬ bm-sXmcp hyXym-khpw D≠mIp-am-bn-cp∂n√.

ss{IkvX-hcm-Is´, Ncn -{X-Øn¬ bYm¿-∞-Øn¬

{]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ A¥n-a-`m-K-t[bw \n¿W-bn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xy£hpw i-‡-hp-

amb kvt\l-Øn-ep≈ Xß-fpsS hnizmkw {]tLm-jn-

°p-∂p; t\cn¬ I≠p-ap- m-hp∂ {InkvXp-hns‚ ]oUm-kl-

\-Ønepw ac-W-Ønepw D∞m-\-Ønepw kºq¿-W-ambn

shfn-hm-°-s∏´ Hcp kvt\l-am-W-Xv.

18. tbip hnizm-k-Øn\p \¬Ip∂ Cu ]cn-]q¿Æ-

Xbv°v \n¿Wm-b-I-amb as‰mcp mh-ap-≠v. hnizm-k-Øn¬,

{InkvXp, \mw hnizmkw A¿∏n-°p∂ tIhew Hcp-h-\√;

]ns∂-tbm, ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-a-amb kvt\l-Øns‚ {]Xy-

£o-I-c-Whpw hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xn\p Xs∂-bmbn \mw

sFIy-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-h\pw IqSn-bmWv Ahn-Sp∂v. tbip-

hns\ shdpsX D‰p-t\m-°e√ hnizm-kw; adn®v, tbip

kz¥w IÆp-I-fm¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse F√mw ho£n-

°p-∂-XmWv hnizm-kw: tbip Imcy-ßƒ ImWp∂ coXn-

bn-ep≈ Hcp ]¶p-tN-cem-W-Xv. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Ønse

hnhn[ afi-e-ß-fn¬ \sΩ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ Adn-hp-≈

-h-cn¬ \mw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS `h\w ]Wn-

bp∂ hmkvXp-in-ev]n-bn¬ \ap°p hnizm-k-ap-≠v, kuJy-

Øn-\p-th≠ acp∂p \¬Ip∂ m¿a-knÃv, tImS-Xn-bn¬

\ap-°p-th≠n hmZn-°p∂ A`n-`mj-I≥, Ch-sc-sbms°

\mw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®pw hniz-



kvX\pw Adn-hp-≈-h\pw Bb Hcm-fns‚ Bhiyw \ap-

°p-≠v. ssZhsØ \ap°p shfn-s∏-SpØn Xcp-∂Xv ssZh-

]p-{X-\mb tbip-hmWv (cf. tbml. 1:18). {InkvXp-hn-s‚

PohnXw, ]nXm-hns\ Adnbp-Ibpw ]nXm-hp-ambn ]cn-

]q¿Æhpw \nc-¥-c-hp-amb _-‘-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ Ahn-Sp-sØ coXn, Ch-sb√mw a\p-jys‚ A\p-

`-h-⁄m-\-Øn-\p \qX-\hpw BI¿j-Wo-b-hp-amb hoYn-

Iƒ sh´n-Øpd-°p-∂p. ""hniz-kn-°pI'' F∂ {Inbm-]-Z-

Øns‚ hnhn[ cq]-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v \ΩpsS

hnizm-k-Øn-\v tbip-hnt\m-Sp≈ hy‡n-]-c-amb -_-‘-

Øns‚ {]m[m-\yw hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂p-≠v. tbip ""\tΩmSp ]d-bp-∂h'' icn-bmWv F∂v hniz-

kn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]pd-ta, ""tbip-hns\ hniz-kn-°pI''bpw

""tbip-hn¬ hniz-kn-°pI''bpw sNtø-≠-Xns\∏‰nbpw

tbml-∂m≥ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Ahn-Sp∂v kXy-hm\mb-Xn-\m¬

AhnSp-sØ hN-\hpw km£yhpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ

\Ωƒ ""tbip-hns\ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.'' kvt\l-Øn¬ tbip-

hns\ Bt«-jn°pI-bpw Ahn-SpsØ Imev]mSp-Iƒ

]n≥Xp-ScpIbpw hy‡n-]-c-ambn Ahn-SpsØ \ΩpsS Pohn-

X-Øn-te°p kzmKXw sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ, \mw

Ahn-SpsØ e-£y-am°n apt∂dp-tºmƒ \mw ""tbip-hn¬

hniz-kn-°p-∂p.''

Ahn-SpsØ Adn-bm\pw AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw ]n≥Xp

S-cm\pw \sΩ {]m]vX-cm-°p-hm≥th≠n ]p{X-\mb ssZhw

amwkw [cn-®p. CXp-hgn ka-b-Øns‚ XnI-hn¬ A\m-

hr-X-amb Hcp bm{X-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ a\p-jy-kl-

P-amb hn[-Øn¬ Ahn-Sp∂p ]nXm-hn-s\ Z¿in®p. ss{I-

kvXhhnizmkw hN-\-Øns‚ a\pjym-h-Xmc-Ønepw

AhnSpsØ imco-cnI D∞m-\-Ønepw D≈ hnizm-k-amWv;

am\-h-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bn-S-tØmfw

37

A{X-am{Xw \tΩmSv kao-]-ÿ-\mb Hcp ssZh-Øn-ep≈

hnizmk-am-WXv. bmYm¿-∞y-Øn¬\n∂pw \sΩ A¬]-

hpw AI-‰m-sX, \kdm-b-\mb tbip-hn¬ a\p-jy-\m-bn-

Øo¿∂ ssZh-]p-{X-\n-ep≈ \ΩpsS hnizmkw, bmYm¿-

∞y-Øns‚ AXoh Kl\-amb A¿∞w {Kln-°p-∂-Xn\pw

ssZhw Cu temIsØ F{X-am{Xw kvt\ln-°p-∂p-

sh-∂pw \nc-¥-c-ambn X∂n-te°pXs∂ AXns\ B\-

bn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw ImWp∂Xn\pw \sΩ Ign-hp-≈-hcm

°p-∂p. ss{IkvX-h¿- F∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu temI-Øn¬

A[n-I-a-[nIw {]Xn-_-≤-X-tbmSpw Xo{hXtbmSpw-IqSn

Pohn-°p-hm≥ AXp \sΩ apt∂m´p \bn-°p-∂p.

hnizmkØnep≈ c£19. C{]-Im-cw, tbip ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse Imcy-ßƒ

ImWp-∂-Xn-ep≈ ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬,

hnip≤ ]utemkv hnizm-k-Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp

hnhcWw \ap°v \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. hnizm-kZm\w kzoI-cn-

°p∂Xn-eqsS hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]pXnb krjvSn-Ifmbn-Øocp-

∂p; Hcp ]pXnb AkvXnXzw Ah¿ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p; ssZh-

a-°ƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ah¿ Ct∏mƒ ""]p{X-\n¬ ]p{X-

∑m-cm-Ip-∂p.'' tbip-hn-s‚-Xs∂ A\p-`-h-Øns‚ apJ-ap-

{Z-bmb ""B∫m, ]nXmhv'' F∂ ]Z-{]tbmKw Ct∏mƒ

ss{IkvX-h- A-\p-`-h-Øns‚ ImX-embn ]cn-W-an-°p∂p

(cf. tdmam. 8:15). hnizm-k-Po-hnXw, ]pt{Xm-Nn-X-amb

A-kvXnXzw F∂ \ne-bn¬, \ΩpsS PohnX-ßsf

Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ auen-Ihpw BXy-¥n-I-hp-amb Zm\-

Øns‚ AwKo-Im-c-am-Wv. tImdn-t¥m-kp-Im-tcmSv hnip≤

]utemkv D∂-bn-°p∂ tNmZy-Øn¬ CXv \mw hy‡-

ambn ImWp-∂p: ""Zm\-ambn e`n-®-X-√msX \n\°v F-

¥p≠v?'' (cf. 1 tImdn. 4:7). ^cn-tk-b-tcm-Sp≈ ]utem-



kns‚ hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-Øns‚ a¿Ωw CXm-bn-cp-∂p: c£

{]m]n-°p∂Xv hnizmkw apJm-¥n-ctam AYhm \nb-a-

Øns‚ ]n≥_-e-Ømtem F∂ Imcyw. kz¥w {]hr-Øn-

I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ssZh-Xncpap≥]msI Xß-sf-

Øs∂ \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-h-cmbn Icp-Xn-b-h-cpsS at\m-`m-

hsØ ]utemkv \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p. AØ-c-°m¿, Iev]-

\-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw kXv{]hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøp-Ibpw

sNøp-tºmƒt]mepw Xß-fn¬Ø-s∂ tI{μo-Ir-X-cm-Wv;

\∑ ssZh-Øn¬-\n∂pw hcp-∂p-sh∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬

Ah¿ ]cm-P-b-a-S-bp-∂p. C{]-Imcw kz¥w \oXn-t_m-[-

Øns‚ Dd-hn-S-am-Im≥ B{K-ln-®psIm≠v Pohn-°p-∂-h¿

Cu B{Klw s]s´∂v ^e-iq-\y-am-Ip-∂Xpw \nbaw

A\pk-cn-°m≥t]mepw Ign-bm-Ø-h-cmWv Xß-sf∂Xpw

{Kln-°p-∂p. Ah¿ Xß-fn¬Ø-s∂ AS-™p-Iq-Sn-b-hcpw

I¿Øm-hn¬-\n∂pw a‰p-≈-h-cn¬\n∂pw H‰-s∏-´h-cpambn

amdpIbpw sNøp-∂p; Pe-Øn-\-cn -sI-b-√mØ Hcp

hr£wt]mse Ah-cpsS PohnXw \njv -e-hpw {]hr-Øn-

Iƒ hy¿∞hpam-bn-Øo-cp∂p. hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkv

Xs‚ kzX-kn-≤-am-b, kw£n-]vXhpw {it≤-b-hp-amb coXn-

bn¬ \tΩmSp ]d-bp-∂p: ""\nß-fntebv°p Xncn-tb-≠-Xn-

\mbn t]mepw, \nßsf krjvSn-®-h-\n¬\n∂pw apJw

Xncn°-cptX;''15 ("Ab eo qui fecit te, noli deficere nec ad te").""ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw AI-ep-∂Xn-eqsS Fs∂Øs∂

Is≠-Øm≥ Ignbpw F∂p hnNm-cn-®p-Xp-S-ßp-tºmƒ

Fs‚ PohnXw inYn-e-am-Ip-hm≥ Bcw-`n-°p∂p'' (cf.eq°m. 15:11˛24), c£-bpsS Bcw`w Pohs\ ÿnco-Icn°p-

Ibpw AXns‚ AkvXn-Xz-Øn¬ AXns\ ]cn-]m-en-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂ BXy-¥n-I-amb Hcp Zm\-tØm-Sp≈ \Ωp-

sS-Xs∂ ]q¿h˛h¿Øn-bmb H∂nt\m-Sp≈ Xpd-hn-bm-Wv.

39

Cu Zm\-tØmSp Xpd-hn-bp-≈-h-cmbn AXw-Ko-I-cn-®m¬

am{Xta cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sphm\pw c£ {]m]n-°phm\pw \√

^ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°phm\pw \ap°v km[y-am-Iq. hnizm-

k-Ømep≈ c£-bpsS A¿∞w ssZhn-I-Zm-\-Øns‚ kap-

∂-XXzw Xncn-®-dn-bp-I- F∂mWv. hnip≤ ]utemkv ]d-

bp-∂-Xp-t]mse: ""hnizm-kw-hgn Ir-]-bm-emWv \nßƒ

c£n-°-s∏-´-Xv. AXp \nßƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-Ø-X√, ssZh-

Øns‚ Zm\-amWv'' (Ft^. 2:8).

20. hnizm-k-Øns‚ \qX-\-amb ImgvN-∏mSv {InkvXp-

hn¬ tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw

c£ {]Zm\w sNøp∂p; Fs¥-∂m¬, Ah-\n¬ \ΩpsS

Po-hnXw \ap-°p-ap≥t]bp≈ Hcp kvt\l-tØmSv kaqew

Xpd-hn-bp-≈-Xm-bnØocp∂p; D≈n¬\n∂pw \sΩ cq]m-

¥c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kvt\lamWXv; \Ωnepw \Ωn¬-IqSnbpw

{]h¿Ø\ \nc-X-am-Ip∂ Hcp kvt\lw. \nb-am-h¿Ø-\-

Ønse Hcp `mK-Øn\v hnip≤ ]utemkv \¬Inb hym-

Jym-\-Øn¬ CXv hfsc hy‡-ambn ImWp-∂p≠v. ]gb

\nba ktμ-i-Øns‚ kmcmw-i-tØmSv ka-⁄-k-s∏´

Hcp hymJym-\-am-Wn-Xv. ssZh-I-ev]\, a\- n-em-°m≥

Akm-[yamb hn[-Øn¬ hfsc Db-c-Øntem hfsc AI-

e-Øntem A√ F∂v tami P\-tØmSp ]d-bp-∂p. ""Bcv

kz¿K-Øn-te°p Ib-dn-s®∂v AXp -sIm≠ph∂p- Xcpw?''

As√-¶n¬ ""Bcv IS-en-\-°sc t]mbn AXp \ap°p sIm-

≠p-h-∂p-Xcpw?'' (\nb-. 30:11˛14) F∂v ]d-tb≠ Bh-iy-

an√. ss{IkvX-h-\n-ep≈ {InkvXp-hns‚ km∂n-[yambn

ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ Cu kmao]yw ]utemkv hymJym-\n-

°p-∂p. "kz¿K-Øn-te°v Bcp Ibdpw?' (AXm-bXv

{InkvXp-hns\ Xmtg°p sIm≠p-h-cm≥th≠n) As√-¶n¬

"]mXm-f-Øn-te°v Bcv Cdßpw?' (AXm-bXv, {InkvXp-



hns\ acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂v Dbn¿∏n-°m≥)'' (tdmam. 10:6˛7)

F∂v \o lrZ-b-Øn¬ ]d-b-cpXv. {InkvXp `qan-bn-te°v

Cd-ßn-h-cn-Ibpw acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂v Dbn¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp;

a\p-jym-h-Xm-chpw D∞m-\hpwhgn ]p{X-\mb ssZhw BI-

am\ a\p-jy-Po-h\pw Ncn-{Xhpw Bt«-jn®p; Ct∏mƒ ]cn-

ip-≤m-flmhv apJm-¥ncw Ahn-Sp∂v \Ωp-sS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬

hkn-°p-∂p. ssZhw \ΩpsS ASp-tØ°p h∂p F∂pw

B¥-cn-I-ambn \sΩ cq]m-¥-cs∏SpØpIbpw \Ωn¬ IpSn-

sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp alm-Zm-\-ambn {InkvXp \ap-

°p \¬I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p F∂pw hnizmkw Adn-bp∂p.

A{]-Imcw Pohs‚ Bcw`-sØbpw AXns‚ A¥y-sØ-

bpw D÷z-en-∏n-°p∂ Hcp {]Im-i-w \Ωp-sS-ta¬ h¿jn-

°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

21. At∏mƒ hnizmkw \Ωn¬ Df-hm-°p∂ B hy-

Xymkw ImWm≥ \ap-°n-S-bm-Ip-∂p. hnizm-k-Øn¬ Xß-

fpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ Xpd∂p sImSp-°-s∏´ B kvt\l-

Øm¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ cq]m-¥cw {]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

auen-I-amb Cu kvt\l-Øns‚ hmKvZm\-tØmSp≈ Xpd-

hn-bm¬ Ah-cpsS PohnXw hnim-ehpw hnkvXr-X-hp-ambn

`hn®p. ""C\n-ta¬ Rm\√ Pohn-°p-∂Xv, {InkvXp-hmWv

F∂n¬ Pohn-°p-∂Xv'' (Kem. 2:20). ""hnizmkwhgn

{InkvXp \nß-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ hkn-°s´'' (Ft^.

3:17). Hcp hnizm-kn-bpsS Xs∂-°p-dn-®p-X-s∂-bp≈ t_m-

[yw as‰m-cm-fns‚ km∂n-[yw-sIm≠p hnImkw {]m]n-°p-

∂p; At∏m-gm-Is´, Cu A]-c-\n¬ Ahs‚ kvt\l-Øn¬

AXv hkn-°p-∂p, PohnXw Hcp ]pXp-ssN-X\yw ssIh-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ChnsS \mw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚

{]h¿Ø-\-w ImWp-∂p. Hcp ss{IkvX-h≥, Acq-]n-Xs∂-

bmb tbip-hns‚ kvt\l-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v,

41

Ahn-SpsØ IÆp-I-fn-eqsS ImWp-hm-\pw, B at\m-`m-h-

Ønepw ]pt{Xm-Nn-X-amb Ahn-SpsØ kl-P-Kp-W-ß-fnepw

]¶p-]-‰p-∂-Xn\pw Ign-bp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ kvt\l-Øn¬,

{]tXy-I-amb hn[-Øn¬ \mw Ahn-SpsØ Z¿i\w kzoI-

cn-°p-∂p. kvt\l-Øn¬ Ahn-Sp-tØmSv A\p-cq-]-s∏-Sm-

sXbpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ km∂n[yw C√msX-bpw A

hn-SpsØ I¿Ømhmbn G‰p-]-dbpI Akm-[y-amWv

(cf.1 tImdn. 12:3).

hnizm-k-Øns‚ k`m-]c-amb am\w22. CXp-h-gn-bmbn, hnizm-kn-bpsS PohnXw k`m]c-amb

H∂mbn-Øo-cp-∂p: k`-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Hcp Pohn-Xw.

{InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ F√m-hcpw Hcp ico-c-am-

bnØocp-∂p-sh∂p hnip≤ ]utemkv tdmanse ss{IkvX-

htcmSv ]d-bptºmƒ AtX-°p-dn®v Al¶-cn-°p-hm-\√;

{]XypX, ""ssZhw Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \evIn-bn-cn-°p∂

hnizm-k-Øns‚ Af-h-\p-k-cn®mWv''(tdmam. 12:3) Cßs\

Bbn-Øo-cp-∂-sX∂v Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Xm-¥m-ß-sf-°p-dn®v

Nn¥n-°p-hm\pw At±lw DZvt_m-[n∏n-°p∂p. hniz-kn-

°p-∂-h¿ Xßƒ {]tLm-jn-°p∂ hn-izm-k-Øns‚ shfn-

®-Øn¬ Xß-sf-Øs∂ ImWp-hm≥ {]m]vXn t\Sp-∂p:

kz¥w {]Xn-—mb apgp-h\pw km-£mXvI-cn-°s∏Sp-∂-

Xmbn Ah¿ ImWp∂ IÆmSn {In-kvXp-hm-Wv. hniz-kn-

°p-∂-hsc-sb√mw {InkvXp Xs‚ Np‰pw Hcpan®p-Iq- n Hcp

icocam-°p-∂Xpt]m-se-Xs∂ Hcp ss{IkvX-h\v a‰v F√m

hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpap≈ kmc-h-Ømb Hcp _‘-Øn¬

Xm≥ Cu ico-c-Øns‚ `mK-am-sW∂ A\p-`hw kn≤n-

°p-∂p. Hcp hen-b b{¥-Øns‚ A{]-[m-\-amb Hcp mKw-

t]mse Hcp hn-izmkn A-⁄m-X-amb Hcp km-Iey-Øns‚



sh-dp-samcp `mK-am-sW∂ hnh-£-b√ Hcp ico-c-Øn-s‚

{]Xn-cq-]-Øn-\p-≈-Xv; adn®v, hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp≈ {InkvXp-

hns‚ kPo-h-amb sFIyhpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈

KmV-amb kwk¿K-hp-am-WnXv shfnhm-°p-∂Xv (cf. tdmam.12:4˛5). ss{IkvX-h¿ ""H∂mWv'' (cf. Kem. 3:28), F∂m¬

CXv Hcp-X-c-Ønepw Ah-cpsS hy‡nXzw \jvSam°p∂

H∂m-I¬ A√; A]-cs‚ ip{iq-j-bn¬, kap-∂-X-amb

Hcp Xe-Øn¬ Ah¿ Xß-fpsS A\-\y-X-bn¬ FØp-

∂p. Cu ico-c-Øn¬\n∂p th¿s] v, {InkvXp-hnep≈ k -

bpsS sFIy-Øn-\p-]p-d-Øv — sdmamt\m Kzm¿Zo-\n-bpsS

hm°p-I-fn¬]d-™m¬ ""Ncn{X-Øn¬, temI-Ønse

{InkvXp-hns‚ ka-{K-amb ISm-£-Øn-s‚ kwhm-l-

I-cmb''16 k`bv°p ]pd-Øv — hn-izm-k-Øn\v AXns‚

""hym-]vXn'' \jvS-am-Ip-∂Xv F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv F∂v CXv

hy‡-am-°p-∂p. k`bv°p

]pdØv AXv ka-Xp-en-Xm-

hÿ {]m]n-°p-I-bn-√;

AXns‚ \ne-\n¬∏n\m-h-

iy-amb CShpw kwe-`y-a-

√. hnizmkw A\n-hm-cy-

amw-hn[w k`m-]-c-amWv;

hnizm-kn-I-fpsS sFIy-

Øns‚ kaq¿Ø-`mhw

F∂\ne-bn¬, AXv

{]tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw

k`m-Km-{X-Øn\v D≈n¬-

""]utemkns‚ am\-km-¥cw'';Ic-hm-Pntbm 1600˛¬ cNn-®Xv

43

\n∂p-am-Wv. k`m-]-c-amb Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv

hnizmkw Hcp ss{IkvX-hs\ CX-c-tcmSv Xpd-hn-bp-≈h-

\m-°p-∂Xv. Hcn-°¬ tI´ {InkvXp-hns‚ hN-\w, ss{I-

kvX-hs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ {]h¿Ø-\-£-a-am-°p∂ AXn-s‚

B¥cnI-i‡n{]`mhw \nan-Øw, Hcp {]XypØc-ambn,

DZvtLm-jn-°-s∏´ hN-\-ambn, Hcp hnizm-k-{]tLm-j-

Wambn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. hnip≤ ]utemkv {]Xn]m-Zn-

°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se: Hcp-h≥ lrZ-bw-sIm≠v hniz-kn-°p-I-

bpw.... A[-cw-sIm≠v G‰p-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p'' (tdmam.

10:10). hnizmkw kzImcy-amb H∂√; XnI™ sshb-

‡nI k¶-ev]tam hy‡n-]-c-amb A`n-{]m-btam A√

AXv: AXv tIƒhn-bn¬\n∂pw kwPmX-am-Ip-∂p; hm°pI-

fn¬ {]Im-i\w Is≠-Øm\pw DZv-tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sm\pw

th≠n-bp-≈-Xm-W-Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬, ""Hcn-°epw tI- n´n-√m-

Ø-h-\n¬ Fßs\ hniz-kn°pw? {]kw-K-I≥ C√m-sX

Fßs\ tIƒ°pw?''(tdmam. 10:14). e`n® Ir]mhc-Øn-

s‚bpw \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßsf {Inkv-Xp-hn-te°v BI¿jn-

°p∂ kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ BWv

ss{IkvX-h-\n¬ hnizmkw {]h¿-Ø\\nc-Xam-Ip-∂Xv (cf.Kem. 5:6). temIm-h-km\-tØmfw, Ncn-{X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw k -

bpsS alm-Xo¿∞mS\-Øn¬ `mK-`m-°m-Ip-hm≥ AXv

\sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p. Cu hn[-Øn¬ cq]m-¥c-s∏-´-

h¿°v; ]pXnb Hcp Z¿i-\w Xpd-∂p-In-´p-Ibpw, hnizm-kw

Ah-cpsS \b-\-ßƒ-°v shfn-®-ambn ]cn-W-an-°pIbpw

sNøp∂p.



A[ymbw c≠v

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p

kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√(cf. Gi. 7:9)

hnizm-khpw kXyhpw23. hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ \n\°v {Kln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-

I-bn√ (cf. Gi. 7:9). lo{_p ss__n-fns‚ {Ko°p-hn-

h¿-Ø-\-amWv Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b-bn¬ cNn-°-s∏´ "sk]vXz-

Pn≥Xv.' Cu hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ Giøm Zo¿L-Z¿in

Blmkv cmPm-hn-t\mSp ]d™ hm°p-Iƒ hnh¿Ø\w

sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv ta¬]-d™{]-Im-c-am-Wv. Aßs\

kXysØ°p-dn-®p≈ ⁄m\sØ kw_-‘n® hnjbw

hnizm-k-Øns‚ tI{μ-_n-μp-hm-bn. Cu `mKw lo{_p-`m-

j-bn¬ hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. {]hm-N-I≥ cmPm-hn-t\m-Sp ]d-

bp-∂p: ""hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-

°p-I-bn-√.'' ChnsS "aman' (Bam≥) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚

c≠p cq]-ßƒ sIm≠p≈ \m\m¿∞ {]tbm-K-ßƒ

ImWm≥ Ignbpw. "\o hniz-kn°pw' ; "\n\°p

dq_≥ cNn® ""k`-bpsS hnP-b-bm{X'' F∂ Nn{Xw

45

kpÿnXn e`n°pw' . Xs‚ i{Xp-°-fpsS i‡n

I≠p `b-N-In-X-\mb cmPmhv al-Ømb A o-dn-b≥

km{am-Py-hp-ambn Hcp kJy-ap-≠m°n kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-

∏m-°m≥ Btem-Nn-°p-∂p. AXn-\p-]-Icw hniz-k-\o-bhpw

ZrV-hp-amb ine-bmb C{km-tb-ens‚ ssZh-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-

hn-izm-k-a¿∏n-°p-hm≥ {]hm-N-I≥ cmPm-hn-t\mSv Bh-iy-

s∏-Sp-∂p. ssZhw hniz-k-\o-b-\m-Wv; AXp-sIm≠v ssZh-

Øn¬ hnizmkw A¿∏n-°p-∂Xpw Ahn-SpsØ hN-\-

Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-∂Xpw bp‡n-kl-amb Imcyam-Wv.

CtX ssZhsØ Xs∂-bmWv Giøm XpS¿∂p-h-cp∂

as‰mcp mKØv, Htc hmIy-Øn¬, Hcp hmIy-Øn¬ c≠p-

{]m-hiyw, "Bta≥', "kXy-Øns‚ ssZhw' DS-º-Sn-bpsS

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ hniz-kvX-X-bpsS imiz-X-amb ASn-

Ød F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xv (cf. Gi. 65:16). {Ko°p-hn-h¿Ø-

\-Øn¬ ""kpÿnXn e`n-°pI'' F∂-Xn\p]Icw ""a\- n-

em-°pI'' F∂p hnh¿-Ø\w sNøp-I-hgn lo{_q ss_-

_nfnse, "ssZh-Øn¬ hnizmkw A¿∏n-°pI' F∂ Bi-

b-Øn¬\n∂v _u≤n-I-ambn {Kln-°pI F∂ {Ko°v Bi-

b-Ønte-°v hf-sc-tbsd hyXn-N-en®p F∂p tXm∂mw.

F∂n-cp-∂mepw, Cu hnh¿Ø\w bh-\-kw-kvIm-c-hp-am-

bp≈ Hcp kwhm-ZsØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw

lo{_p hmIy-Øn¬ A¥¿eo\-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Bi-b-

Øn\p hncp-≤-am-sW∂p ]d-™p-Iq-Sm. cmPm-hn\v Giøm

hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ kpÿn-c-amb ASn-Ød bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ {]-h¿Ø-\-sØbpw a\p-jy-Po-hnX-

Øn\pw am\hNcn-{X-Øn-\pw AhnSp∂p \evIp∂ sFIy-

sØbpw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. ssZh-

Øns‚ hgn-Iƒ a\- n-em-°m≥ {]hm-N-I≥ cmPm-hn-

s\bpw \sΩbpw sh√p-hn-fn-°p-∂p; ssZh-Øns‚ hniz-

kvX-X-bn¬ bpK-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°p∂ hnth-I-]q¿h-amb

kwhn-[m\w Xncn-®-dn-™v Ahn-SpsØ hgn-Iƒ a\- n-em-

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√


°-Ww. hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkv ""a\- n-em-°pI,

kpÿnXn e`n-°pI'' F∂o Bi-b-ßsf "G‰p-]-d-®n-ep-

Iƒ' F∂ Xs‚ Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ A]-{K-Yn-°p∂p-≠v. Dd-

®p-\n¬°p-∂-Xn\v Hcmƒ B{i-bn-t°≠ kXy-sØ-°p-

dn®p {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºm-gm-WnXv: ""At∏mƒ Rm≥ \ns‚

kXy-Øns‚ aqi-bn¬ hm¿°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Nph-Sp-d-∏n®p

\nev°p-Ibpw sNøpw.''17 ssZh-Øns‚ hniz-k-\o-b-amb

Cu kXyw ss__nƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Ncn-{X-

Ønse hniz-kvX-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ AhnSp-sØ km∂n-

[yhpw- Ime-L- -ß-sfbpw bpK-ß-sfbpw H∂n-®ptN¿Øp

]nSn°p-hm\pw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ NnX-dn-t∏mb Cg-

Iƒ H∂m-°phm\pw ssZh-Øn-\p≈ Ign-hpamWv F∂v

{]I-S-am-°p-hm-\mWv hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkns‚ {iaw

F∂v kml-N-cy-Øn¬\n∂p \ap-°-dn-bm≥ km[n-°pw.18

24. Cu shfn-®-Øn¬ hmbn-®m¬ {]h-N-\- mKw \sΩ

\bn-°pI Htc-sbmcp \nK-a-\-Øn-te-°m-Wv: \ap°v Adn-

hp-thWw, \ap°p kXyw Bh-iy-am-Wv; Fs¥-∂m¬, Ch

IqSmsX \ap°v Dd®p\nev°phmt\m aptºm´p t]m-Ip-hm-

t\m km[y-a-√. kXysØ IqSm-sX-bp≈ hnizmkw c£

\evIn√, kp\n-›n-X-amb \ne-\n¬∏v AXv \¬Ip-∂n-√.

AXp at\m-l-c-amb Hcp IY am{X-am-bn-cn°pw, kt¥m-

j-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS Bg-ta-dnb A`n-hm-RvO-

bpsS Hcp {]Xn- -e\w, \mw \sΩ-Øs∂ I_-fn-∏n-°m≥

Xøm-dm-Ip∂nS-tØmfw \ap°p kwXr]vXn \evIp-∂ H∂v.

H∂p-In¬ ta¬ ]d-™Xv AYhm \ap°v Bizm-khpw

kt¥m-jhpw \evIp∂ D∂-X-amb Hcp hnImcw, ]t£

CXp \ΩpsS a\- ns‚, `mh-\-bpsS A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb

Ne-\-ßƒ°pw Ime-Øns‚ hyXnbm-\ßƒ°pw Cc-bm-

bn-cn-°pwXm\pw. Pohn-X-Øn¬ Dd® Nph-Sp-h-bv]p-I-tfm-

sS-bp≈ {]bm-Ww Dd-∏m-°p-hm≥ CXn\p km[n-°p-I-bp-

47

an-√. CXm-bn-cp∂p hnizm-k-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sa-¶n¬ Xs‚

Poh\pw cmPy-Øns‚ kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw Hcp hnIm-c-Øns‚

t]-cn¬ A]-I-S-Øn-em-°-cpXv F∂ Blm-kns‚ \ne]mSv

icn-bmbn-cp-t∂-s\. F∂m¬, kXy-tØm-Sp≈ B¥cn-I-

_‘w H∂p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂, cmPm-hns‚ IW-°p-Iq´ep-

Iƒ°p-]-cn-bmbn, hnizm-k-Øn\v Hcp ]pXnb shfn®w

\¬Ip-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p; Fs¥-∂m¬ AXv IqSp-X-¬ AI-

se-bp-≈Xv Z¿in-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ DS-º-Sn-tbm-Spw hmKvZm-

\-ß-tfmSpw hniz-kvXX ]pe¿Øp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ Ic-

sØ-°p-dn®v {i≤ ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

25. \ΩpsS Ime-L- -Øn¬ kXyw A`nap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂

{]Xn-k‘n IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ F∂-sØ-°mfpw

C∂v, hnizm-khpw kXyhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w \mw Hm¿-

Ωn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. ImcWw, ka-Im-enI kwkvIm-

c-Øn¬, kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS kXyw am{X-amWv bYm¿-

∞ kXyw F∂v \Ωƒ Icp-Xp-∂p: A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂

{]Xn-k‘n IW-°nseSp°p-tºmƒ imkv{Xo-b-hn-⁄m-

\wsIm≠p \ap°p ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm-hp-∂Xpw Af-°m-hp-

∂-Xp-amWv kXyw; {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bXp kXyw; PohnXw

IqSp-X¬ efn-Xhpw kpJ-I-c-hpam-°p-∂Xv Ft¥m

AXmWv kXyw. C°meØv kp\n-›n-X-am-bn-´p-≈Xpw

CXpam{X-am-Wv; ]¶phbv°m-≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw kw-hm-Z-

Øn\pw s]mXp-hmb [mc-W-°p-ap≈ ASn-ÿm-\-ambn Icp-

Xm-hp-∂Xpamb GI-kXyw CXm-Wv. F¶nepw Af-hp-tIm-

ens‚ adph-iØv hy‡n-\n-jvT-amb kXy-ßƒ BIm-

sa∂p kΩ-Xn-°m≥ \mw Xøm-dm-Wv; Ch-bm-Is´, Hcm-

fpsS G‰w Bg-ta-dnb hnizm-k-ß-tfm-Sp≈, DØ-a-t_m-

[y-ß-tfm-Sp≈, hniz-kvX-X-bm-Wv. ]t£ Cu kXy-ßƒ-

°v B hy‡nsb kw_-‘n-®p-am-{Xta km[p-X-bp-≈q;

s]mXp-\-∑-bv°m-bn a‰p-≈-h-cpsS apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-



hm≥ Ch aXn-bm-b-h-b-√. F∂m¬ hy‡n-I-sf∂ \ne-

bnepw kaq-l-Ønse AwK-ßƒ F∂ \ne-bnepw \ΩpsS

Pohn-X-sØ ka-{K-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ kXyw,

bYm¿∞ kXyw, kwi-b-Zr-jvSn-tbm-sS-bmWv ho£n°-

s∏Sp-∂-Xv. Ign™ \q‰m-≠nse henb GIm-[n-]-Xy-{]-

ÿm-\-ßƒ, Xßƒ°p≠v F∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-´n-cp-∂Xv

CØcw kXy-amWv F∂p ]d-bs∏Sp∂p. hy‡n-I-fpsS

bYm¿∞ PohnXw Nhn-´n-sa-Xn-°p∂-Xn-\p-th≠n kz¥w

temI-k-¶-ev]w F√mh-cp-sS-taepw ASn-t®-ev]n-°m≥

{ian® {]-ÿm-\-ß-fmWv Ah. CXn-s‚-sb√mw e-ambn

Ah-ti-jn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Is´ "Bt]-£n-I-kn-≤m-¥-am-Wv.'

CX-\p-k-cn-®v-—B-Xy-¥n-I-ambn ssZhw Xs∂-bm-b-—km¿h-eu-In-I-kXyw F∂ Bibw A{]-k-‡-am-Wp-Xm-

\pw. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬\n∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ, aX-hpw k-

Xyhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w hnt—-Zn-°pI bp‡n-k-l-ambn

tXm∂pw. Htc hnizm-k-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm-Ø-h-cpsS A\p-

`hw a¿±-\hpw ]oU-\-ß-fp-ambn Xocp∂ Cu _‘w aX-

{`m-¥ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Im-c-W-ambn ImWmw. Cu kml-N-

cy-Øn¬ ka-Im-eo-\-tem-IØv At\-Isc Hcp-Xcw ad-hn-

tcmKw _m[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pthWw ]d-bm≥. kXyw

kw_-‘n® {]iv\w bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Hm¿Ω, Bg-ap≈

Hm¿Ω kw_-‘n® Hcp {]iv\-am-Wv; ImcWw, \ap-°p-

aptº D≠m-bn-cp∂ bmYm¿∞ysØ kw_-‘n-®p-≈-

XmWv AXv. sNdpXpw ]cn-an-X-hp-amb, hy‡n-Iƒ F∂

\ne-bv°p≈ \ΩpsS Ah-t_m-[-Øn\v AXo-X-ambn

\sΩ H∂n-∏n-°m≥ AXn\p Ign-bp-w. AkvXn-Xz-ap≈

F√m-‰n-s‚bpw D¤hw kw_-‘n® {]kvXpX {]iv\-amWv

CXv. AXns‚ shfn-®-Ønem-Wv \ΩpsS e£ysØ kw_-

‘n® Hc¬]-Z¿i-\hpw AXp-hgn H∂n-®p≈ {]bm-WØn-

s‚ A¿∞hpw \ap°p {Kln-°m≥ Ign-bpI.

49

kXyw, hnizmkw Ch-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhv26. ÿnXn CXm-bn-cnt°, kXysØ a\- n-em-°m-\p≈

icn-bmb am¿Kw kw_-‘n®p s]mXp-\-∑bv°p klm-b-I-amb Hcp tkh\w e`y-am-°m≥ ss{IkvXh hnizm-k-

Øn\p Ign-bptam? Cu tNmZy-Øn\pØcw \evIp-hm≥hnizm-k-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Adnhv GXp Xc-Øn-ep-≈-

XmWv F∂Xp kw_-‘n®v \Ωƒ hnNn-¥\w \S-tØ≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ChnsS hnip≤ ]utem-kns‚ Hcp {]kvXm-

h\ klm-b-I-am-Wv: "a\p-jy≥ lrZ-bw-sIm≠p hniz-kn-°p∂p' (tdmam 10:10). ss__n-fn¬ lrZbw F∂p ]d-

™m¬ a\p-jy-hy-‡n-bpsS G‰hpw ImX-emb AwiwF∂m-W¿∞w. Hcm-fpsS F√m am\-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw k-

‘n°p∂ CS-amWp lrZ-bw: ico-chpw, Bflmhpw, B¥-cnIXbpw _mly-tem-I-tØmSpw a‰p a\p-jy-tcm-Sp-ap≈

Xpd∂ a\ pw, _p≤n-i‡n, C—m-i‡n, hnIm-c-ßƒ-˛F∂o am\-ß-sf√mw lrZ-b-Øn¬ HØp-tN-cp-∂p. Cu

hyXykvX kn≤n-Isfsb√mw GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-hm≥ lrZ-b-Øn\p Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ AXns‚ ImcWw, \mw kXy-Øn-

\pw kvt\l-Øn\pw kzbw Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p∂Xv Chn-sS-bmWv F∂p≈Xm-Wv. ho≠pw, kXyhpw kvt\lhpw

\sΩ kv]¿in-°m≥ \mw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xpw Ahn-sS-bm-Wv F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. Ah \sΩ kv]¿in-°p-tºmƒ \mw

Bg-Øn¬ cq]m¥cs∏Sp-∂p. Hcmƒ kvt\l-Øn\v F{X-am{Xw kzbw Xpd-∂psImSp°p-∂pthm, B Af-hn¬ hn-

izm-kw Abm-fpsS apgp-h≥ hy‡n-Xz-sØbpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-SpØpw. hnizm-khpw kvt\lhpw Cßs\ ]c-kv]cw

tbmPn-∏n-°-s∏Sp-tºmƒ hnizm-k-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv GXp X-c-Øn-ep≈ AdnhmWv F∂p\mw Xncn-®-dn-

bp-∂p; \ap°v Dd® t_m[y-ßfpw \ΩpsS Ime-Sn-Iƒ°pshfn-®hpw \evIm≥ AXn\p≈ Ignhpw i‡n-bpw \mw

a\- n-em-°p-∂p. hnizmkw Adn-hv B¿÷n°p-∂Xv,



AXn\p kvt\l-hpambn _‘-ap-≈-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. Fs¥-

∂m¬, kvt\lw kzbtahbmWv hn⁄m\w ]I-cp-∂Xv.

\sΩ B¥-cn-I-ambn cq]m-¥c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]pXnb

IÆp-IƒsIm≠p bmYm¿-∞y-sØ ImWm≥ \sΩ Ign-

hp-≈-hcm°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ A\¥-amb

kvt\-lw \mw kzoI-cn°p-tºm-gmWv, hnizmkw kw_-

‘n® Adnhv \Ωn¬ D¤hn-°p-∂-Xv.

27. hnizm-k-hpw kp\n-›n-X-Xzhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-

Øn\v epUvhnKv hn‰vsK≥ssÃ≥ F∂ Zm¿i-\n-I≥

\evIp∂ hni-Zo-I-cWw Gsd {]i-kvXam-Wv. hn‰vsK≥-

ssÃ\v hniz-kn-°pI F∂Xv {]W-b-Øn-em-hpI F∂

A\p-`-h-tØmSv kam-\-am-Wv; CXp hy‡n-\n-jvT-amWv,

F√m-h¿°pw km[p-hmbn tXm∂p∂ Hcp kXy-ambn

CXns\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ km[y-a-√.19 C°m-eØv {]Wb-

Øn\v kXy-hp-ambn _‘-ap≠v F∂v A[n-I-amcpw Icp-

Xp-∂pan-√. £W-`w-Kp-c-ß-fmb hnIm-cßfp-sS temI-hp-

ambn _‘-s∏´ Hc-\p-`-h-ambn´-√m-sX, AXn\p kXy-hp-

ambn _‘-ap≠v F∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂n√.

F∂m¬ kvt\l-Øn\v tbmPn® Hcp hni-Zo-I-c-W-

amtWm CXv? Aev]m-bp- mb Hcp hnImcw am{X-ambn

kvt\-lsØ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bn-√. t{]aw \Ωp-

sS sshIm-cnI Pohn-XsØ kw_-‘n-®p-≈-XmWv F∂Xv

Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ kvt\ln-°p∂ hy‡n-tbmSp

Xs‚ kvt\lw hy‡-am-°m≥, Aßs\ kzm¿-∞X-bn¬-

\n∂p Xs∂-Øs∂ AI-‰p∂ ]pXnb Hcp-hgn sXfn-

°phm≥, as‰mcp hy‡n-tbmSv ASp-°p-hm≥, imiz-X-amb

Hcp _‘w ÿm]n-°p-hm≥, kvt\lw B{K-ln-°p-∂p;

t{]a-`m-P-\-hp-ambn sFIyw {]m]n-°p-I-bmWp kvt\l-

Øns‚ e£yw. kvt\l-Øn\v kXyw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-

∂sXß-s\sb∂v ChnsS \Ωƒ Adn-bm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p.

kXy-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Xew-hsc am{X-ta,

51

kvt\l-Øn-\v, ImesØ AXn-Po-hn-°p-hm\pw £WnI-

\nan-j-ßsf adn-I-S-°p-hm\pw ]c-kv]cw ]¶p-h-®p≈ Hcp

bm{X-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠ ZrVX ssIh-cn-°p-

hm\pw km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. kvt\l-Øn\p kXy-hp-ambn

_‘-an-s√-¶n¬, Ime-Øns‚ ]co-£-W-ßsf AXn-Po-

hn-°p-hm-\m-ImsX AXv N]-e-amb hnIm-c-ßƒ°v Cc-

bm-bn-Øo-cpw. t\tc-a-dn®v, bYm¿∞-kvt\lw \ΩpsS

hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ F√m LS-I-ß-sfbpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-

Ibpw al-\obhpw kºq¿Æ-hpamb Pohn-X-Øn-te-°p

hgn sXfn-°p∂ ]pXnb Hcp shfn-®-ambn AXp -am-dpIbpw

sNøpw. kXysØ Hgn-hm-°n-s°m≠p kvt\l-Øn\p

ZrV-amb Hcp _‘w ÿm]n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√; H‰-s∏-

Sp-Øp∂ \ΩpsS Al-¥-bn¬\n∂p \sΩ tamNn∏n-°p-

hm\pw Poh-\p-≠m-hp-Ibpw ^ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-≠-Xn-\p-th≠n ss\an-jnI hnIm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂p

\sΩ c£n°phm\pw AXn\v Ign-bp-I-bn√.

kvt\l-Øn\p kXyw Bh-iy-am-sW-¶n¬ kXy-Øn\p

kvt\l-hpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. kvt\lhpw kXyhpw Ahn-

`m-PyßfmWv. kvt\l-an-s√-¶n¬ kXyw \n¿hn-Im-c-hpw

hy‡n-]-c-a-√m-Ø-Xp-amb Hcp `mc-ambn A\p-Zn-\-Po-hn-X-

Øn¬ A\p- -h-s∏-Spw. kvt\lw \sΩ kv]¿-in-°p-tºmƒ,

\mw At\z-jn-°p∂, \ΩpsS Pohn-X-bm{Xbv°v A¿∞w

\¬Ip∂ kXyw \sΩ {]Im-iam\-am-°p-∂p. -kvt\lw

kXy-Øns‚ Hc-\p-`-h-am-sW∂pw kvt\l-`m-P-\-hp-am-

bp≈ sFIy-Øn¬, bmYm¿∞y-sØ \h-amb Hcp coXn-

bn¬ Z¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v AXp \ΩpsS \b-\-ßƒ Xpd-°p-

∂p-sh∂pw kvt\ln-°p∂ hy‡n Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. Cu

A¿∞-Øn¬ alm-\mb hnip≤ {KnK-dn°v C{]-Imcw Fgp-

Xp-hm≥ Ign™p; kvt\lw AXn¬Øs∂ X\-Xmb

bp‡n- -{Z-X-bp≈ Hcp-Xcw Adn-hm-Wv 20 ("amor ipse notitiaest"). temIsØ _‘pXz]-c-ambn ho£n-°p∂ Hcp coXn-



bm-W-Xv, A{]Imcw AXv ]¶p-h-bv°-s∏-Sp∂ Hc-dn-hm-bn-

Øo-cp∂p; A]-cs‚ \b-\-ß-fn-eqsSbp≈ Hcp ImgvN,

kI-e-Xn-s\bpw kw_-‘n® ]¶p-h-bv°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp Z¿i-

\w. a[y-bp-K-Øn¬ Pohn® Xotb-cn-bnse hnip≤ hneyw

DØ-a-Ko-X-Ønse Imap-I≥ Xs‚ {]Wbn-\ntbmSv "\ns‚

\b-\-ßƒ CW-{]m-hp-I-fmWv' (DØ-a. 1:15)21 F∂p ]d-

bp∂ hmIyw hymJym-\n-°p-tºmƒ ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂Xv Cu

]mc-º-cy-am-Wv. hneyw ]d-bp-∂p, B c≠p IÆp-Iƒ hn-

izm-kw \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ bp-‡nbpw kvt\l-hp-am-Wv.

ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ KmV-[ym-\-Øn¬ apgp-Ip-tºmƒ,

\ΩpsS Adnhv ""{]Im-i-am-\-amb kvt\l-Øns‚ Adnhm''-

bnØocp-tºmƒ22 Ah c≠pw H∂m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

28. Adn-hns‚ t{kmX v F∂ \ne-bn¬, Hmtcm kv{Xo-

bp-sSbpw ]pcp-j-s‚-bpw auen-I-amb A\p- -h-Øns‚ mK-

amb kvt\l-Øns‚ Cu Is≠-Ø¬; ss__n-f-[n-jvTn-

X-am-bn, hnizm-ksØ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ B[n-Im-cn-I-

ambn {]I-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. ssZhw Xßsf Xnc-s™-Sp-

Øv Hcp P\-X-bm-°n-Øo¿Ø B kvt\lw \pI¿∂-

t∏mƒ, ssZhn-I-]-≤-Xn-bpsS BI-am\-sFIyw C{km-tb-

en\p {Kln-°p-hm-\m-bn. ssZh-Øns‚ DS-º-Sn-]-c-amb

kvt\l-Øn¬ \n∂p-S-se-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬, hnizm-k- -⁄m-

\w, Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp ]mXsb {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p∂ Adn-

hm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠-t{X, ss__n-fn¬, kvt\lhpw hniz-

kvX-Xbpw Hcp-an®p \oßp-∂Xv: hmKvZm-\-ßƒ \nd-th-‰p-

Ibpw ka-b-Øns‚ XnI-hn¬, Xs‚ ]≤-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-

≈ Bg-amb Adnhv km[y-am-°n-Øo¿°pIbpw sNøp∂

hniz-kvX-X-bpsS ssZh-amWv bYm¿∞ ssZhw. hn{]-hm-

k-Øns‚ thZ-\bpw hnip≤ \K-c-Øn-tebv°p aS-ßp∂-

Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ kp\n-›nXamb {]Xym-ibpw \nd™

{]hmNI-cpsS A\p-`-h-Øn-eqsS, Cu ssZhnI ""kXyw'',

krjvSn-bn¬ XpSßn temI-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ Ncn-{X-sØ-

53

bpw Bt«-jn-°p-∂-Xn-\v, AXn-s‚-Xs∂ Ncn{X-]-c-amb

]cn-[n-Iƒ°-∏p-d-tØbv°p hym]n®p F∂v C{km-tb-en\p

{Kln-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p. Hcp {]tXyI P\XbpsS `mK-

t[-b-Øn¬ am{X-a-√, Bcw`w-ap-X¬ Ah-km-\w-h-sc,

krjvS-{]-]-©-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ apgp-h\pw hnizm-k-˛-

⁄m\w shfn®w hoip-∂p.

hnizm-kw-, {ih-Ww ImgvN F∂o \ne-I-fn¬29. hnizm-k-⁄m\w a\p-jy-\p-ambn Hcp kvt\l-_‘w

ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw, Xs‚ hN\w hniz-kvX\mb Hcp ssZh-

hp-am-bp≈ Hcp DS-º-Sn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂Xn-

\m¬Øs∂, Cu ssZhw a\pjy-t\mSp kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ hnizm-k-⁄m-\sØ ss__nƒ HcpXc-Øn-

ep≈ {ihWw Bbn´mWh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv: {ih-W-i-‡n-

bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´- Adn-hv. k¿thm-XvIr-jvS-amb Hcp kq-

{X-hmIyw hnip≤ ]utemkv {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v: ""hnizm-

kw tIƒhn-bn¬ \n∂mWv'' (fides ex auditu) (tdmam. 10:17).Hcp hN-\hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Adnhv Ft∏m-gpw hy‡n-K-

X-amb Adn-hm-Wv; kwkm-cn-°p-∂- hy‡n-bpsS kzcw

AXp Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p; kzmX-{¥y-tØmsS B hy‡n-tbmSp

lrZbw Xpd-°pIbpw A\p-k-cW-tØmsS Abmsf

]n≥Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A{]Imcw, "hnizmk-Øns‚

hnt[-bXz'sØ∏‰n ]d-bp-hm≥ hnip≤ ]utem-kn\p

Ign™p (cf. tdm-am. 1:5; 16:26).23 Ime-Øns‚ {]hm-l-

hpam-bpw _‘-ap≈ Hc-dn-hmWv hnizm-kw. ImcWw, hm-

°p-Iƒ D®-cn-°m≥ kabw Bh-iy-amWv; injyXz-Ønt‚-

Xmb Hcp Zo¿Lbm{X-bnte Cu Adnhv kzmwio-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q. Aßs\ tIƒ°pI F∂ A\p-`hw Adn-

hpw kvt\lhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-

°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.

kXysØ Adn-bp-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n ]d-bp-tºmƒ, Nne-



t∏mƒ tIƒ-hnbpw ImgvN-bp-w ]c-kv]chncp≤ambn ]cn-

K-Wn-°-s∏- n-cp∂p; ImgvNbv°v Du∂¬ sImSp-°p-I- bh\-

kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-Xbmbn ]dbs∏- n-cp-∂p. a\p-

jy-h¿Kw Ft∏mgpw A`n-ejn-®n-cp∂ ]q¿Æ-am-b-Xn-s\-

°p-dn-®p≈ [ym\w shfn®w km[y-am°p-sa-¶n¬, kzmX-

{¥y-Øn\v CS-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-s√∂p hcpw; Fs¥-

∂m¬ B shfn®w Hcp {]Xn-I-c-W-am-h-iy-s∏-SmsXXs∂

BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v t\cn v IÆp-I-fn-te°v \n]-Xn-°p-∂-Xm-

Wv. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb temI-Øn¬\n∂pw AXns‚ kt¥m-

j-ß-fn¬-\n∂pw kl-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw AI-se, \n›-e-

amb Hcp [ym\m-hÿ AXv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn tXm-

∂mw. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ Adnhp kw_-‘n® {Ko°p-Im-

cpsS [mc-Wbpw ss__n-fnse Adnhv kw_-‘n® [mc-

Wbpw IS-I-hn-cp-≤-am-bn-cn-°pw. {Ko°pIm¿, bmYm¿∞y-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ka-{K-amb [mcW ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p-

th≠n Adn-hns\ ImgvN-tbmSp _‘n-∏n-°p∂ Xew-h-

sc-bmWv Cu ssh]-co-Xyw.

F∂m¬ Ds≠∂v Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Cu sshcp≤yw

ss__n-fn¬ ]d-™n-´p≈ Imcy-ßtfmSv tbmPn-°p∂n-

√. ssZh-h-N\w tIƒ°p∂-Xn-s\m∏w Ahn-SpsØ apJw

Z¿in-°m-\p≈ B{K-lhpw Ds≠∂-Xn-\m¬ ]gb\nbaw

Cu c≠p-Xcw Adnhn-s\-bpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p. Aßs\

hnip≤{KŸ-Øns‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X-ambn-´p≈

hy‡n-]-c-amb ssZh-hn-fn-bnepw A\p-k-c-W-Ønepw

kXyw A\m-h-cWw sNø-s∏-SpI Ime-Øn-emWv F∂

bm-Ym¿∞y-Øn-ep-amWv {ihWw Du∂¬sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.

Cßs\ bh\-kw-kvIm-c-hp-ambp≈ Hcp kwhm-Z-Øn\p

If-sam-cp-°n-bn-cp∂p; hnip≤ enJn-X-ß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬

k∂n-ln-X-amb Hcp kwhm-Zw. ImgvN, apgp-h≥ bm{XbpsS

ka-{K-amb Hcp ho£Ww \¬-Ip∂p; ssZh-Øns‚ BI-

am\ kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ `mKambn AXns\ {]Xn-jvTn-°p-

55

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu ho£-W-an-s√-¶n¬ Adn-b-s∏-SmØ

H∂n-s‚ ]c-kv]cw _‘-an-√mØ Nne Awi-ßƒ am{Xta

\ap°p e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q.

30. hnizm-k-⁄m-\-Øn¬ tIƒhnbpw ImgvNbpw XΩn-

ep≈ _‘w G‰hpw {]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xv tbml-∂ms‚

kphn-ti-j-Øn-em-Wv. \memasØ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ hniz-

kn-°pI F∂m¬ ImWp-Ibpw tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNøpI

F∂m-Wv. hnizm-k-Ønse tIƒhn kvt\l-Øn\p am{X-

ambp≈ Adn-hns‚ Hcp cq]-t -Z-amWv: CXv hy‡n-]camb

Hcp tIƒhn-bm-Wv; \√ CS-bs‚ kzcw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ Hcp

tIƒhn (cf. tbml. 10:3˛5); BZna injysct∏mse injy-

XzØn-tebv°p≈ hnfn Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp tIƒhn-bm-

WXv. ""Ah≥ ]d-™-Xp-tI´v Ah¿ tbip-hns\ A\p-K-

an-®p'' (tbml. 1:37). F∂m¬ hnizm-k-Øn\p ImgvN-bp-

ambpw _‘-ap-≠v. emk-d-ns\ Dbn¿∏n-®-Xp-I≠ blq-Z¿

"Ah≥ {]h¿Øn-®-Xp-I≠v Ah-\n¬ hniz-kn®p' (tbml.

11:45). AXp-t]mse tbip {]h¿Øn® A¤p-X-ßƒ Nne-

t∏mƒ hnizm-k-Øn-tebv°p \bn-°p-∂p: a‰p Nne kμ¿ -

ß-fn¬, hnizmkw kzb-tah IqSpX¬ Bg-ap≈ ho£W-

Øn-te°p \bn-°p-∂p. ""hniz-kn-®m¬ \o ssZh-alØzw

Z¿in°pw'' (tbml. 11:40). Ah-km\w hnizm-k-hpw Z¿i-

\hpw ]c-kv]cw I≠p-ap´p∂p. ""Fs∂ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h≥

Fs∂ Ab-®-h-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p; Fs∂ ImWp-∂-

h≥ Fs∂ Ab-®-hs\ ImWp∂p'' (tbml. 12:44˛45).

tIƒhn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ ImgvNbpw Hcp-X-c-

Øn¬ {InkvXp-hns\ A\p-K-an-°-emIpw. Bg-ß-fn-te-

bv°p‰p t\m°pI F∂Xv, \ΩpsS \b-\-ßƒ°p kl-

P-am-I-Ø-°-hn-[w ho£n-°p∂ Hcp {]{In-b-bmbn hnizm-

kw ]cn-W-an-°pw. Dbn¿∏p-Xn-cp-\m-fns‚ {]`mXw, tbml-

∂m-\n¬\n∂v, iq\y-amb I√-d-bv°p-ap≥]n¬ \nev°p∂,

""I≠p-hn-iz-kn®'' tbml-∂m-\n¬\n∂v, tbip-hns\ I≠-



tijw Ahn-SpsØ XS-™p-\n¿Øm≥ {ian-°p∂ aKvZ-e-

\-a-dn-b-Øn-te°p \oßp∂p. adn-b-tØm-Sv tbip ]d-™Xv

Xm≥ ]nXm-hns‚ ]°-te°p aS-ßp-∂Xns\-°pdn®v

[ym\n-°phm-\m-Wv. Ah-km\w injy-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ Ah-

fpsS ]q¿Æ-amb G‰p-]-d-®n-en¬ AXv FØp∂p: ""Rm≥

I¿Øm-hns\ I≠p'' (tbml. 20:18).

{ih-Whpw ImgvNbpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu ka-\zbw Fß-

s\-bmWv km[n°pI? {InkvXp-hmIp∂ hy‡n-bn-eq-sS-

bmWv CXp km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. \ap°v ImWp-hm\pw tIƒ-

°p-hm\pw Ign-bp∂ tbip F∂ hy‡n-bn-eqsSØs∂-

bmWv CXv km[y-am-hp-I. Ahn-Sp-∂mWv amwkw [cn®

hN\w; Ahn-SpsØ al-Øz-amWv \mw Z¿in-®Xv (cf.tbml. 1:14). ]nXmhv ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp apJ-Øns‚ {]Im-

i-amWv hnizm-k-Øns‚ {]Im-iw. \memasØ kphn-ti-

j-Øn¬, hnizm-k-w B¿Pn°p∂ kXyw CXm-Wv: ]p{X-

\n-ep≈ ]nXm-hn-s‚ shfn-s∏-S¬ tbip-hns‚ ""{]Imi-

]q-cn-X-amb PohnXw'' F∂v \n¿h-Nn-°m-hp-∂, Ahn-SpsØ

ico-c-Ønepw {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-ep-amWv Cu shfn-s∏-S¬.24

hnizm-k-⁄m\w XnI®pw B¥-cn-I-amb kXy-Øn-te°p

am{X-a√ \ΩpsS ZrjvSnIsf \bn-°p-∂Xv F∂-t{X

CXns‚ A¿∞w. hnizmkw \ap°p ImWn-®p-X-cp∂

kXyw, {InkvXp-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp I≠p-ap-´-ens\bpw Ahn-

SpsØ Pohn-X-sØ-°pdn®p≈ [ym\sØbpw Ahn-SpsØ

km∂n-[yw kw_-‘n® Ah-t_m-[sØbpw tI{μo-I-cn-

®p-≈-Xm-Wv. Dbn¿-sØ-gp-t∂‰ I¿Øm-hns‚ ki-coc

km∂n-[y-Øn-ep-≈,25 At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS "ImgvN-bm-

ep≈ hnizm-ksØ'-°p-dn®v (oculata fides) hnip≤ tXmakv

AIzo-\mkv ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ tbip-hns\

Ah¿ kz¥w IÆp-Iƒ-sIm≠v I≠p, Ah¿ hniz-kn-®p;

Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬, Xßƒ ImWp-∂-Xns‚ Bg-ß-fn-

te°p D‰p-t\m-°m≥ Ah¿°p Ign-™p. ]nXm-hns‚ he-

57

Xp-`m-KØv D]-hn-jvT-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ ssZh-]p-{X-\n-ep≈

hnizmkw G‰p-]-d-bp-hm\pw Ah¿°p km[n-®p.

31. Cßs\ amwkw [cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS \ΩpsS a\p-

jyXzw ]¶p-h-bv°pIhgn am{Xta, kvt\l-Øn\v A\p-

cq-]-amb Adnhv ]q¿Æ-ambpw ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-am-bn-

cp-∂p-≈q. ImcWw, kvt\l-`m-P-\-Øns‚ B¥-cnI km-

∂n-[y-Øn-\v \mw \sΩ-Øs∂ Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°pIbpw

Xs∂-∏-‰n-bp≈ Bg-ta-dnb clkyw Xncn®dn-bm≥ \sΩ

i‡-cm-°p-∂ AXv \ΩpsS lrZ-bsØ kv]¿in-°pIbpw

sNøp-tºm-gmWv kvt\l-Øns‚ {]Imiw ]nd-°p-∂-Xv.

tIƒhn-tbmSpw ImgvN-tbmSpsam-∏w tbml-∂m≥ hnizm-

ksØ kv]¿i-tØm-

Spw _‘n-∏n-°p-∂Xv

F¥p-sIm-≠mWv F∂v

Aßs\ \ap°p a\-

n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂p.

H∂mw teJ-\-Øn¬

tbml∂m≥ {]kvXm-

hn°p∂p: ""Rßƒ tI-

-Xpw kz¥w IÆp-sIm-

≠p I≠Xpw kq£n-®p-

ho-£n-®Xpw ssIsIm-

≠p kv]¿in-®-Xp-amb

Pohs‚ hN\w'' (1

tbm-l. 1:1). icocw kzo-

I-cn®p \ΩpsS CS-bn-

te°p hcp-I-hgn, tb-

ip \sΩ kv]¿in-®p,

IqZm-i-I-fn-eqsS C∂pw

AhnSp∂p \sΩ kv]¿-

in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p;


tπt‰mbpw Acn-tÃm-´nepw ""kvIqƒHm^v GY≥kn¬''; d^mtbens‚ cN\

(1509˛1511; hØn-°m≥ ayqkn-bw)


\ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßsf cq-]m-¥-c-s∏-SpØn, Ahn-Sp∂p ssZh-

]p-{X-\mWv F∂v Xncn-®dn-bm\pw {]tLm-jn-°m-\pw A-

hn-Sp-∂v \sΩ \nc-¥cw i-‡-cm-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. hn-

izm-k-Øn¬, \ap-°v Ahn-SpsØ kv-]¿in-°m-\pw Ahn-

SpsØ Ir-]m-hcw kzoI-cn-°m-\pw Ign-bpw. tb-ip-hn-s\-

sXm v c‡-{kmh-Øn¬\n∂p tamN-\w t\Snb kv-{Xo-bpsS

kphn -ti-j-kw-` -hsØ∏-‰n -bp≈ hymJym-\-Øn¬

(cf. eq°m 8:45˛46) hnip≤ B-K-kvXo-t\mkv ]d-bp∂p:

""hn-iz-kn-°pI F∂p ]d-™m¬ \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ-

sIm≠v Ahn-SpsØ sXmSpI F∂mWv A¿∞w.''26 tbip-

hn-\p-Np-‰pw P\-°q´w Xn°n-Xn-c-°p-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬

hy‡n]c-amb kv]¿i-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ah¿°p tbip-hn-s‚-

bSp-Øv FØm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√. hnizmk-tØmSp IqSnb

kv]¿i\-Ønt\, tbip ]nXm-hns\ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

]p{X-\mWv F∂ Znhy-c-lkyw {Kln-°m-\m-Iq. \mw {In-

kvXp-hn\v A\p-cq-]-cm-Ip-tºmtg Ahn-SpsØ ImWphm≥

Bhiy-amb IÆp-Iƒ \ap°p e`n-°p-∂p≈q.

hnizm-khpw bp‡n-bpw XΩn-ep≈ kwhmZw32. ss{IkvXh hnizmkw, ssZh-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-amb

kvt\lw DZvtLm-jn-°p-Ibpw B kvt\l-Øns‚ i-‡n-

bntebv°v \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ Xpd-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂nS-

tØmfw AXv \ΩpsS am\pjnIm-\p-`-h-Øns‚ D≈ns‚

D≈n-te°p Xpf-®p-I-b-dp-∂p. \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw {]Im-

i-Øn-se-Øp-∂Xp kvt\l-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv, \mw kvt\l-

Øn-tebv°p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Is´ {]Im-i-Øn¬ \ne-

\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bpw. tbip-hn¬ shfn-hm-°-s∏´

ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw-sIm≠v, AtX kvt\l-tØmsS

a‰p-≈-hsc kvt\ln-°p∂-Xn\pw ka-kvX-bm-Ym¿∞y-ß-

sfbpw {]Im-i-am\-am-°p∂Xn\pw {ian®psIm-≠n-cp∂,

BZna ss{IkvX-h¿, kXyØn-\mbn Zmln-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂

59

bh-\-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ temIØv kwhm-Z-Øn\p XnI®pw

A\p-tbm-Py-\mb Hcp ]¶m-fnsb Is≠-Øn. kphn-ti-j-

ktμ-iØns‚ {]mNo-\-tem-IsØ Zm¿i\nI kwkvIm-

chpambp≈ I≠p-ap-´¬ k¿h-P-\-ß-sfbpw kphn-ti-j-

h-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb Hcp Nph-Sp-hbv]m-bn.

CXv hnizm-khpw bp‡n-bpw XΩn-ep≈ e-{]Zamb Hcp

]c-kv]c CS-s]-S-en\p {]tNm-Z-\-am-hpIbpw \q‰m-≠p-I-

fn-eqsS C∂pw XpScpIbpw sNøp∂p. "hnizm-khpw

bp‡nbpw' ('Fides et Ratio') F∂ Xs‚ Nm{In-I-te-J-\-

Øn¬, hmgvØ-s∏´ tPm¨-t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ hnizm-k-

Øn\pw bp‡n°pw Fßs\ ]c-kv]cw i‡n-]-I-cm≥

Ignbpw 27 F∂p hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. {InkvXp-hns‚

kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-amb shfn®w Hcn-°¬ Is≠-Øn-

°-gn-™m¬, \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Ønse Hmtcm kvt\l-

Ønepw B shfn-®-Øns‚ Hcp IncWw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p

F∂p \mw Xncn-®-dn-bpw; BXy-¥n-I-e-£yhpw \ap°p a\-

n-em-Ipw. \ΩpsS am\p-jnI kvt\l-Øn¬ B {]Im-i-

Øns‚ Hcp IncW-ap≠v F∂ hkvXpX, F√m kvt\-l-

hpw \ap-°p-th≠n ssZh-]p-{X≥ \S-Ønb ]q¿Æ-amb

kzbw-Zm-\-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-Im≥ Dt±-in-®p-≈-Xm-Wv F∂p

Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°pw. Cu Nm{In-I-N-e-\-Øn¬, hnizm-k-Øns‚ {]Imiw \ΩpsS F√m am\p-jnI_‘ßfn-t∑epw shfn®w hoip-∂p. taen¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ kuay-amb kvt\l-tØmSp≈ sFIy-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂-Xn\pw Ign-bpw.

33. kXyhpw hy‡-Xbpw B{K-ln-°p∂ bp‡n-t_m[w hnizm-k-Øns‚ N{I-hm-f-hp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Aßs\ ]pXnb Hc-dnhp t\Sp-IbpwsNøp∂ {]{In-bbv°p {it≤-b-amb Hcp-Zm-l-cWw hnip≤BK-kvXo-t\m-kns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ \ap°p ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. "ImgvN'bv°p {]m[m\yw sImSp-°p∂, {]Im-i-sØ-



°p-dn-®p≈ {Ko°v Z¿i\w BKkv-Xo-t\mkv kzoI-cn-®p.

\h-tπ-t‰m-Wn-k-hp-am-bp≈ (Neoplatonism) I≠p-ap-´¬,

BK-kvXo-t\m-kns\; ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp {]Xo-I-sa-∂-

hn[w, F√m hkvXp-°-fnepw shfn®w hoip-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n

apI-fn¬\n∂p Xmtg-bv°p-h-cp-∂, Hcp ]pXnb \nZ¿i-\-

Øn-tebv°p \bn-®p. Aß-s\ BK-kvXo-t\mkv ssZh-

Øns‚ {]Ir-Xy-XoX kz`m-hw {Kln-®p. F√m hkvXp-°-

fnepw Hc-f-hn¬ kpXmcyX Ds≠∂pw Ah ssZh-Øns‚

\∑sb {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p-sh∂pw At±lw Is≠-Øn.

Cu Xncn-®-dnhv, At±-lw ]n≥Xp-S¿∂n-cp∂ \∑bpw

-Xn-∑bpw \nc-¥cw kwL-´-\-Øn-emsW∂pw Ah CS-I-

e¿∂p-In-S-°p∂p-sh∂pw H∂n\pw hy‡X C√ F∂p-

ap≈ Nn¥-bn-tebv°v At±-lsØ \bn-®n-cp∂, am\n-t°-

bn-k-Øn¬-\n∂pw BK-kvXo-t\mkns\ tamNn-∏n-®p.

ssZhw {]Im-i-amWv F∂ Xncn-®-dnhv BK-kvXo-t\mkn-

s‚ Pohn-X-Øn\p ]pXnb Hcp Znim-t_m[w \evIn; Aß-

s\ Xm≥ ]m]n-bmWv F∂v AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw \∑-bn-

te°p Xncn-bm\pw At±-lØn\p Ign-™p.

F∂m¬ BK-kvXo-t\mkns‚ hnizm-k-Øns‚ bm{X-

bn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb \nanjw temI-Øn\∏pdØp≈,

temI-Øn\Xo-X-\mb, ssZhsØ Is≠-Øn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-

√, tIƒhn-bptSXmb Hc-\p-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂v At±-lw

"G‰p-]-d-®n¬' F∂ Xs‚ Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

]qt¥m-´-Øn¬ \n∂mtcm Xt∂mSv "FSpØp hmbn°pI'

F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse Hcp kzcw At±lw tI´p. DSs\

hnip≤ ]utem-kns‚ teJ-\-ß-f-S-ßnb ]pkvX-I-sa-

SpØv, tdmam-°m¿°p≈28 teJ-\-Ønse ]Xn-aq∂mw

A[ym-bw hmbn-®p-Xp-S-ßn-. Cß-s\ ss__n-fnse hy‡n-

bmb ssZhw BK-kvXo-t\mkn\p {]Xy-£-s∏- p: \tΩmSp

kwkm-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp ssZhw, Ncn-{X-Øn-eq-sS-

61

bp≈ \ΩpsS bm{X-bn¬ \tΩm-sSm∏w \S-°m≥ Ignbp-

∂ \ΩpsS CS-bn-te°p Cd-ßn-h∂v \Ωp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ h-

kn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp ssZhw, tIƒ°p-Ibpw {]Xn-I-cn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ, Xs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂, Hcp

ssZhw.

F∂m¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂ ssZhhpam-bp≈ Cu I≠p-

ap- ¬ {]Im-i-sØbpw ImgvNsbbpw \ncm-Icn-°m≥ BK-

kvXo-t\m-kn\v CS-bm°nbn-√. tbip-hn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-

s∏´ ssZh-kvt\-l-Øm¬ \nc-¥cw \bn-°-s∏´v tIƒhn-

bp-sSbpw ImgvN-bp-sSbpw c≠p ho£-W-ßsf At±lw

kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p. Aß-s\ BK-kvXo-t\mkv B ]Z-Øn\v

A\p-tbm-Py-amb A\-\y-X-sb-bpw, {]Im-i-Øn-tebv°p

t\m°p-tºmƒ e`y-am-Ip∂ kzmX-{¥y-sØbpw ka-\z-bn-

∏n-®p-sIm≠v {]Im-i-Øns‚ Hcp XØz-imkv{Xw hnI-kn-

∏n-s®-Sp-Øp. hN\w kzX-{¥-amb Hcp {]Xn-I-cWw {]Xo-

£n-°p∂-Xp-t]mse, {]Im-i-hpw AXn¬ {]Xn- -en-°p∂

{]Xn-—m-b-bn¬ Hcp {]Xn-I-cWw Is≠-Øp-∂p. Aßs\

BK-kvXo-t\mkn\v tIƒhn-sbbpw ImgvN-sbbpw Iq´n-bn-

W-°m\pw ""D≈n¬ {]Im-in-°p∂ hN\sØ°p-dn®v'' ]d-

bphm\pw Ign-™p.29 {]Im-iw, Hcp hm°ns‚ {]Im-i-am-

bn-Øo-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bmw, Fs¥-∂m¬ AXv hy‡n-]-

c-amb Hcp apJ-{]-Im-i-amWv; \sΩ {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-

tºmƒX-s∂, \ΩpsS apJØpw AXp-t]mse D≈n¬-\n-

∂pw AXv {]Im-in-°p-∂p≠v F∂p Is≠-Øp-hm≥ \sΩ

Blzm\w sNøp∂ {]Im-iw. Ncn-{X-Øns‚ inYn-e-amb

Awi-ß-f-√msX ]q¿Æ-ambn ImWp-hm-\p≈ \ΩpsS

B{Klw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂p; BK-kvXo-t\mkv ]d-bp-∂-

Xp-t]m-se, HSp-hn¬, \mw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw kvt\ln-°p-

Ibpw30 sNøp-tºm-gmWv AXv km£m-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I.

koam-Xo-X-amw-hÆw A£-b-amb {]Im-isØ apgp-h≥



\ap°p kz¥-am-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂√ Dt±-in-°p∂-Xv;

F∂m¬ \mw ]q¿Æ-ambpw B {]Imi-Øn-te°p {]th-

in-°pw.

34. hnizm-k-Øn\\p-tbm-Py-amb kvt\l-Øns‚

{]Imi-Øn\v \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Ønse kXyw kw_-

‘n® {]iv\-ß-fp-sS-ta¬ shfn®w hoim≥ Ign-bpw. C°m-

eØv ]e-t∏mgpw kXyw B hy‡n-bpsS Pohn-XsØ

kw_-‘n-®p-am{Xw km[p-X-bp≈ hy‡n-K-X-amb Hcm[n-

Im-cn-I-X-bmbn Xcw-Xm-gvØs∏Sp-∂p-≠v. Hcp s]mXp-kXyw

F∂ Bibw \sΩ `b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ H∂m-Wv. Fs¥-

∂m¬, hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ ka-{Km-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ LS-\-

I-fmbn \mw AXns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p. F∂m¬ kXyw

kvt\l-Øns‚ kXy-am-sW-¶n¬, A]c\pam-bp≈, a‰p-

≈-hcpam-bp≈, hy‡n-]-c-amb I≠p-ap-´-en¬ shfn-s∏-

Sp∂ kXy-am-sW-¶n¬, hy‡n-I-fn¬ AS-®n-S-s∏´ Ah-

ÿ-bn¬-\n∂v tamNn∏n-°-s∏´v s]mXp-\-∑-bpsS `mK-

ambnØocm≥ AXn\p Ignbpw. kvt\l-Øns‚ kXyw

F∂ \nebv°v AXv ASn-t®ev-]n-°m≥ Ign-bn-√; hy‡n-

sb izmkw ap´n-°p∂ Hcp kXy-a√ AXv. kvt\l-Øn¬-

\n-∂p-¤-hn-°p-∂Xm-I-bm¬ AXn\p lrZ-b-Øn-te°v

Hmtcm a\p-jys‚bpw hy‡n-sb∂ \ne-bv°p≈ kØ-

bn-tebv°v Xpf-®p-I-b-dm≥ Ignbpw; Aßs\ hnizmkw

hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ H∂-√; F∂p hy‡w. a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv

BZ-chp ]pe¿Øn-s°m-≠p≈ kl-h¿Øn-Xz-Øn-emWv

AXp hf-cp-∂-Xv. hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcmƒ Al-¶m-cn-bmbn-

cn-°pI-bn-√; t\tc-a-dn®v, kXyw Ffn-a-bn-te-°m-Wv \bn-

°pI. ImcWw, \mw kXysØ kz¥-am-°n-bn-cn-°pI-b√,

kXyw \sΩ Bt«-jn-°pI-bpw, \sΩ kz¥-am-°pIbp-

amWv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v hnizmkn {Kln-°p-∂p.

hnizmkw \ΩpsS hn´p-ho-gvNm-a-t\m-`mhw C√m-Xm°n

63

\sΩ ISpw-]n-Sp-Ø-°m-cm-°p-I-b√ sNøp-∂-Xv. F√m-h¿-

°pw km£yw \evIp-∂-Xn\pw F√m-h-cp-ambpw kw-hm-Z-

Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp∂-Xn\pw \sΩ i‡-cm°ns°m≠v

hnizmkw \¬Ip∂ kpc-£nX-Xzw \sΩ Hcp bm{Xbv°v

Ab-°p-I-bm-Wv.

kvt\-l-Øns‚ kXy-tØmSp tbmPn-®n-cn-°p∂ hnizm-

k-Øns‚ shfn®w `uXn-I-tem-IØn\-Xo-X-am-bn-´p≈

H∂√; ImcWw, kvt\lw Ft∏mgpw ico-chpw Bflmhpw

D≈-h-cp-sS Pohn-X-Øn-emWv {]I-S-am-Ip-I; hnizm-k-

Øns‚ shfn®w, a\p-jy-\mbn ]nd∂, Hcp shfn-®-am-Wv.

tbip-hns‚ {]Im-i-am-\-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂v AXp

{]Im-i-c-ivan-Iƒ sNmcn-bp-∂p. AXn¬ A¥¿eo-\-am-bn-

cn-°p∂ hyh-ÿ-bn¬ AYhm Nn´-bn¬; IqSp-X¬ hnim-

e-ambns°m≠n-cn-°p∂Xpw [mcW- ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xp-amb

Hcp ]mX-bn-te°v AXp \sΩ \nc-¥cw hnfn-°p-∂p-

sh∂pw hniz-kn-°p∂ `uXnI-tem-I-sØbpw AXp {]-

Im-i-am-\-am-°p-∂p. imkv{X-Øns‚ ho£-Ww Aßs\

hnizm-k-Øn¬ \n∂pw {]tbm-P\w kzoI-cn-°p-∂p.

bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ A\-¥-amb kº-∂-X-tbmSv Ft∏mgpw

Xpd∂ kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°m≥, hnizmkw imkv{X-⁄sc

t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. kz¥w kq{X-hm-Iy-ßƒsIm≠p

Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp∂-Xn¬\n∂v XS™p-sIm-≠pw, {]Ir-Xn-bmWv

Ft∏m-gpw IqSp-X¬ al-Øcw F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm≥

klmbn-®p-sIm-≠pw, hnizmkw \ncq-]W-_p-≤nsb

DW¿Øp-∂p. krjvSn-bpsS Kl-\-amb cl-kym-fl-I-

Xbv°p ap≥]n¬ hnkvabw Iqdp-hm≥ DtØ-P\w \¬In-

s°m-≠v, imkv{Xo-bm-t\z-j-W-ßƒ°p ap≥]n¬ kzbw

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ temI-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ shfn®w hnX-dp-

∂Xn-\p-th-≠n; hnizmkw bp‡n-bpsS N{I-hm-f-ßsf hnI-

kz-c-am-°p-∂p.



hnizm-khpw ssZhmt\z-j-Whpw35. tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizm-kØns‚ shfn®w ssZhsØAt\z-jn-°p∂ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ]mX-bn¬ {]Imiw

sNmcn-bpIbpw hyXy-kvX-a-X-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-hcp-ambn kwhm-Z-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-hm\p≈ ss{IkvX-thmNn-

Xamb kw`m-h\ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A{_ml-hpam-bn DS-ºSn D≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv hnizm-k-Øn¬ ssZh-

sØ tXSn-b-h-cpsS km£y-sØ-∏‰n sl{_mb¿-°p≈teJ-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. slt\m-°n\v ""Xm≥ ssZh-

sØ {]km-Zn-∏n®p F∂-Xn\p km£yw e`n®p'' (sl{_m.11:5). hnizm-k-an-√msX CXv Akm-[y-am-Wv. ImcWw

""ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ icWw {]m]n-°p-∂-h¿ ssZh-ap-s≠∂pw Xs∂ At\z-jn-°p-∂-h¿°v AhnSp-∂p {]Xn-

^ew \¬Ip-sa∂pw hniz-kn-°Ww'' (sl{_m. 11:6).CXn¬\n∂pw Cuiz-c-hn-izm-kn-bmb Hcmƒ ]n≥-XpS-cp∂]mX, \sΩ Icp-Xp∂, \ap°p Is≠-ØpI Akm-[y-a-

√mØ Hcp ssZhsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xneq-sS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Xs∂ Is≠-Øm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°pI F∂-Xn¬

Ihn™v F¥p {]Xn-^-e-amWv, Xs∂ At\z-jn-°p-∂-h¿°v sImSp-°m≥ ssZh-Øn\p Ign-bpI? ta¬kq-Nn-∏n®

hN-\-`m-K-ßƒ°p ap≥t], B-t_-ens\ \mw I≠p-ap-´p-∂p-≠v, Bt_-ens‚ hnizmkw {]iw-kn-°s∏-Sp-Ibpw

Ah≥ A¿∏n® Xs‚ B´n≥]-‰-Ønse BZy-Pm-X-cmbIp™m-Sp-I-fpsS _en (cf. sl{_m. 11:4) ssZh-Øn\p

{]nb¶-c-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Pohn-X-Øn-se A\p-Zn\A\p -h-ß-fnepw EXp-°-fpsS Nm{In-I-amb hc-hnepw qan-

bpsS e-Zm-b-I-Xz-Ønepw {]]-©-Øns‚ Ne-\-ØnepwssZhw \ev-Ip∂ AS-bm-f-ßƒ ImWm≥ Cuiz-c-hn-izmkn

ITn-\-ambn bXv\n-°p-∂p. ssZhw {]Im-i-am-Wv Bflm¿-∞-amb lrZ-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ahn-SpsØ At\z-jn-°p-∂-

h¿°v Ahn-SpsØ Is≠-Øm≥ Ignbpw.

65

Hcp \£-{XØm¬ \bn-°-s∏´v s_Xv-se-tl-anse-

Ønb ⁄m-\n-Ifn¬ Cu At\z-j-W-Øns‚ Hcp {]Xn-

Om-b- ImWp-hm≥ Ignbpw (cf. aØm. 2:1˛12). Ah¿°v

ssZh-Øns‚ {]Imiw {]Xy-£-s∏- Xv Gs‰-Spt°≠ Hcp

bm{X-bm-bn-´m-Wv; Is≠-Ø-ens‚ ]mX-bn-eqsS Ahsc

\bn® Hcp \£-{X-ambn v. ssZh-Øns‚ {]Im-i-]q¿Æna,

tXPkv I≠p ]cn-N-bn®p hf-tc≠ \ΩpsS IÆp-I-tfmSv

ssZhw ImWn-°p∂ £a-bpsS Hc-S-bm-f-amWv \£-{Xw.

ssZhhn-izmkn Hcp hgn-t]m°-\m-Wv; X∂n¬\n∂p ]pd-

Øp-hcp∂-Xn\pw, \nXy-hn-kva-b-ß-fpsS ssZhsØ

I≠pap-´p-∂-Xn-\p-ambn kzbw \bn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Abmƒ

Xøm-dm-IWw. am\p-jn-I-amb \ΩpsS IÆp-I-tfmSp

ssZhw ImWn-°p∂ Cu BZchv hy‡-am-°p∂Xv \mw

ssZh-Øntebv°-Sp°p-tºmƒ, Hcp \£{Xw {]`m-X-Øn-

se-∂-Xp-t]mse, Ahn-

SpsØ {]Im-i-t[mc-

Wn-bn¬ am\p-jn-I-amb

\ΩpsS {]Im-i-ßƒ

Aen™v C√m-Xm-In√

F∂m-Wv. \ΩpsS {]-

Imi-ßƒ BZnap -

X¬°p≠mbn-cp∂ A-

·n-tbmSSp-°pw-tXm-dpw

{]Im-isØ {]Xn- -en-

∏n-°p∂ Hcp IÆmSn

t]m-se IqSp-X¬ Xnf-

°-tØm-sS Pzen-°p-I-

bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. tem-


""Znhy-Iq-Zm-i-sb-°p-dn®vhmKvhmZw''; d^m-tb-ens‚ cN\(1509˛1511; hØn-°m≥ ayqkn-bw)


I-Øns‚ G-I-c-£-I-\mb tbip-hn-ep-≈ ss{IkvX-h-hn-

izm-kw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xv ssZ-h-Øns‚ {]-Imiw apgp-h\pw

tbip-hn¬, Ncn-{-XØns‚ XpS-°hpw A¥yhpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂31 ""Ahn-SpsØ {]Im-i-am-\-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬''

tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂m-Wv. Ahn-SpsØ shfn-®-Øm¬ DXvI¿-j-ap-≠m-Ip-hm-t\m, {]Im-i-am-\-am-Ip-hmt\m,

hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hmt\m Ign-bm-Ø-Xmbn; Hcp am\p-jn-Im-\p-`-h-tam, ssZh-Øn-te-bv°p≈ a\p-jys‚

bm{Xtbm C√. {InkvXp-hns‚ {]Im-i-h-e-b-Øn¬ ss{I-kvX-h¿ F{X-am{Xw kzbw Ba-·-cm-Ip-∂p-thm, A{Xb[n-

I-am-bn, Hmtcm a\p-jy-s‚bpw ssZh-Øn-te-°p≈ ]mXa\- n-em-°m\pw B ]mX-bn¬ H∂n®p \S-°m\pw Ah¿

i‡-cm-Ipw.hnizmkw Hcp ]mX-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v, hnizm-kn-I-f-s√-

¶nepw hniz-kn-°m\pw At\z-jWw XpS-cm\pw B{K-ln-°p∂ F√m a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-hp-ambn AXn\v k-

º¿°-Øn¬ htc-≠-Xp-≠v. Ah¿ kvt\l-Øn\v Bflm¿-∞-X-tbmsS lrZbw Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw, Xß-ƒ°p

e`y-amb shfn-®-hp-ambn At\z-j-W-Øn\v Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂nStØmfw Ah¿ Xß-f-dn-bm-sX-Xs∂

hnizm-k-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ ]mX-bn-em-Wv. ssZhw D≠vF∂ coXn-bn¬ Ah¿ ITn-\-{]-bXv\w sNøp∂p; CXm-I-

s´, H∂n-®p≈ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn\v kp\n-›n-X-amb HcpZnim-kqNn Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\v Ahn-Sp∂v D≠m-bn-cn-°pI

F∂Xv F{X-am{Xw {][m-\-s∏- -Xm-sW∂ Xncn-®-dn-hp-sIm-≠mImw; Ccp-´n¬ Hcp shfn®w Ah¿ Imw£n-°p-∂-Xp-

sIm-≠p-amImw; F∂m¬, Pohn-X-Øns‚ amlm-flyhpwkuμ-cyhpw Is≠-Øn-b-t∏mƒ, ssZh-Øns‚ km∂n[yw

AXv al-Ø-chpw IqSp-X¬ kpμ-c-hp-am-°n-Øo¿°pwF∂ kl-P-amb Ah-t_m[w-sIm-≠pw BImw. A{_m-

lw ssZh-Øns‚ kzcw {ihn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºp-Xs∂

67

""lrZ-b-Øns‚ Xo{h-amb B{K-l-Øn¬'' ssZhsØ A-

t\z-jn-®n-cp-∂sXß-s\sb∂pw ""ssZ-hsØ FhnsS I-

s≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v kzbw tNm-Zn-®p-sIm≠v temIw

apgp-h≥ Ae-™p''F∂pw; Ah-km\w ""ssZh-Øn\v A-

{_m-l-tØmSp kl-Xm]w tXm-∂n ImcWw, Abmƒ H‰bv-

°v \ni-_vZ-X-bn¬ Xs∂ At\z-jn-®p'' 32 F∂pw eb¨-

knse hnip≤ sFtd-\n-bkv {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. a‰p-≈-

h¿-°p \∑ sNøm-\p≈ ]mX-bn¬ CdßnØn-cn® GsXm-

cmfpw, At∏mƒØs∂, ssZh-Øns‚ ASp-tØ°p \oßp-

I-bm-Wv; ssZh-Øns‚ klm-b-Øm¬ Abmƒ \ne-

\n¿Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv; ImcWw, kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-

bn-te°p \S-°p-tºm-sg√mw \ΩpsS IÆp-Iƒ°p sh-fn-

®w ]I-cpI F∂Xv ssZhn-I-{]-Im-i-Øns‚ kz`mh-hnti-

j-am-Wv.

hnizm-khpw ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw36. hnizmkw Hcp Zo]-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v AXp \sΩ AXn-

te°v BI¿jn°pIbpw AXp- {]-Im-iam\am-°p∂ N{I-

hm-fsØ IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-ambn ]cy-th-jWw \S-Øm\pw,

\ΩpsS kvt\lhnj-bsØ IqSp-X¬ \∂mbn Adn-bm\pw

\sΩ £Wn-°pIbpw sNøp-∂p. Cu B{K-l-Øn¬

\n∂mWv ss{IkvXh ssZh-imkv{Xw D¤-hn-°p-∂-Xv. hn-

izmkw IqSmsX ssZh-imkv{Xw D≠m-In√ F∂p hy‡w.

{InkvXp-hn¬ ]c-tIm-Sn-bn-se-Øp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ kzbw

shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ens\ IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m≥

{ian-°p-∂ hnizm-k-{]-{In-b-bpsS-Xs∂ Hcp `mK-amWv

ssZh-im-kv{Xw. C{]-Im-cw, ]co£-W-ßsf B{i-bn-

°p∂ km[m-cW uXnI imkv{X-Øn-se-∂-t]mse A]-

{K-Yn-°m\pw a\- n-em-°m-\p-ap≈ a\p-jys‚ bp‡nbpsS

Hcp-Zyaw am{X-a√ ssZh-imkv-{Xw. ssZhsØ Hcp ]T-\-

hn-j-b-ambn ]cn-an-X-s∏SpØm-\m-In-√. kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-



Øp-Ibpw ]c-kv]c hy‡n-_-‘-Øn-eqsS \ap°v {Kln-

°m≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp hy‡n-bmWv Ahn-

Sp-∂v. icn-bmb hnizm-kw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p hcp∂ shfn-

®-Øn-\mbn kzbw Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ bp‡n-bv°p am¿K-

Z¿i\w \evIp-∂p. kXy-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øm¬ \bn-

°-s∏´v, bp‡n-t_m[w ssZh-sØ°pdn-®p≈ Bg-amb

Adn-hn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bm-Wn-Xv. hnizm-

ksØ kw_-‘n® Hcp imkv{X-sa∂ \ne-bn¬, ssZh-

imkv{Xw ssZh-Øn\p Xs∂-∏-‰n-bp≈ ⁄m\-Øn¬

]¶ptNc-emWv F∂v a[ybp-K-Ønse D∂-X-cmb ssZh-

imkv{X-⁄-∑mcpw {]t_m-[-Icpw icn-bm-bn-Ø-s∂ A`n-

{]m-b-s∏-´p. ssZh-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ \ΩpsS {]`m-j-Wtam,

hnh-c-Wtam am{X-a√ ssZh-im-kv{Xw. ssZhw \tΩmSp

kwkm-cn-°p∂, Xs∂-∏-‰n-Øs∂ Ahn-Sp∂v \tΩmSp ]d-

bp∂, hm°p-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS A¿∞w

IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ {Kln-°p-hm≥ bXv\n-°p-I-bp-amWv

{]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-ambn ssZh-imkv{Xw sNøp-∂-Xv.

ImcWw, Ahn-Sp∂p Iq´mbv-a-bpsS Hcp \nXy-kw-hm-Z-am-

""hnizm-k-Øns‚ cq]-I-IY''(18˛mw \q‰m-≠nse cN-\);

{^m≥sNkvtImskm≈n-ta-\m-bp-tSXv

69

Wv, Cu kwhm-Z-Øn-te°p {]th-in-°p-hm≥ \sΩ A\p-

h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.33 AXp-sIm≠v ssZh-Øns‚

""kv]¿i-ta¬°phm-\p≈'' hn\-bw ssZh-imkv{Xw Bh-

iy-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v. B Znhy-c-l-ky-Øn\p ap≥]n¬, bp‡n-

°-\p-tbm-Py-amb in£-W-tØm-sS, AXns‚ A\-¥-amb

kº-∂-X-Iƒ At\z-jn-°p-hm≥ DZy-an-°p-tºmƒ, At\z-

j-Is‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp hn\-b-amWv

Bh-iyw.

hnizm-k-Øns‚ k`m-]-c-amb cq]-Ønepw ssZh-

imkv{Xw ]¶ptN-cp∂p; ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ shfn®w

hniz-kn-°p∂ hy‡n-bpsS, AXm-bXv Xncp-k- -bpsS shfn-

®amWv. Hcp-h-i-Øv, ss{IkvX-h-cpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚

ip{iqjbnem-bn-cn-°Ww F∂pw; Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw

{]tXy-In®v km[m-c-W-°m-cmb hnizm-kn-I-fpsS hnizmkw

kwc-£n-°p-∂Xn\pw IqSp-X¬ Bg-ap≈-Xm-°p-∂-Xn\pw,

ssZh-imkv{Xw Ffn-a-tbmsS A[zm-\n-°Ww F∂pw CXv

A¿∞-am-°p-∂p. adp-h-iØv, ssZh-im-kv{Xw cq]w-sIm-

≈p-∂Xv hnizm-k-Øn¬ \n∂m-I-bm¬ am¿]m-∏-bp-sSbpw

am¿]m-∏-bp-ambn Iq´m-bva-bnep≈ sa{Xm-∑m-cp-sSbpw

{]t_m-[-\m-[n-Imcw ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn\p ]pdØp≈

H∂mbn ]cn-K-Wn-°m≥ ]mSn√. AXns‚ kzmX-{¥ysØ

]cn-an-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- H∂m-Wn-Xv, F∂m¬ CXp ssZh-im-

kv{X-Øns‚ B¥-cn-Ihpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-hp-amb am\-ß-

fn¬ H∂m-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, \ap°v BZn-bn-te-bp≈

t{kmX- p-am-bp≈ kº¿°w {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Imcw Dd-∏p-

h-cp -Øp-Ibpw Aßs\ {InkvXp-hns‚ hN-\sØ

AXns‚ ka-{K-X-bn¬ e`y-am-°m-sa∂ Dd∏v \¬Ip-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.



A[ymbw aq∂v

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \nßƒ°vG¬]n®pX∂p

(cf. 1 tImdn. 15:3)

k`, \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ amXmhv37. ssZhkvt\l-Øn-te°v Xß-fpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ Xpd-

°p-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ kzcw {ihn-°p-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ

{]Imiw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≈-h¿°v Cu Zm\w

Xßƒ°p am{X-ambn kq£n-®p-hbv-°m≥- Ignbp-I-bn-√.

hnizmkw {ih-Whpw ImgvN-bp-w BbXpsIm≠v AXv hN-

\-ambpw shfn-®-ambpw ssIamd-s∏-Sp-∂p. tImdn-t¥m-kp-

Imsc A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbv -Xp -sIm≠v, hnip≤

]utemkv Cu c≠p {]Xn-cq]ßƒ-Xs∂ D]tbmKn°p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. Hcp-h-iØv At±lw Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:

""Rm≥ hniz-kn®p; AXn-\m¬ Rm≥ kwkm-cn®p F∂v

Fgp-Xn-b-hs‚ hnizm-k-ssN-X\yw Xs∂ Rßƒ°p-≈-

Xp-sIm≠v Rßfpw hniz-kn-°pI-bpw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂p'' (2 tImdn. 4:13). Hcn°¬ kzoI-cn-°-s∏´ hN\w

Hcp {]Xyp-Ø-c-ambpw A\y-cnte-°p hym]n-°p-Ibpw hniz-

kn-°m≥ Ahsc £Wn-°pI-bpw sNøp-∂ Hcp hnizmk-

71

{]-Jym-]-\-ambpw amdp-∂p. ]utemkv {]Im-i-Øns‚ {]Xn-

cq]hpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p≠v: ""I¿Øm-hns‚ al-Øzw,

IÆmSn-bn-se-∂-t]mse, aqSp-]-S-a-Wn-bmØ apJØp {]Xn-

-en-∏n-°p∂ \msa√m-hcpw Ahn-SpsØ kmZr-iy-Øn-te-

°v, al-Øz-Øn¬-\n∂p al-Øz-Øn-te-°v, cq]m¥-c-s∏´p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv'' (2 tImdn. 3:18). Hcp apJ-Øp\n∂p

as‰m-∂nte-°v {]Xn- -en-°p∂ Hcp {]Im-i-am-W-Xv. ssZh-

tØmSp kwkm-cn-®-Xn-\p-tijw tamibv-°p-Xs∂ Ahn-

SpsØ al-Xz-Øns‚ Hcp {]Xn-^-e\w e`n-®-Xp-t]m-se-

bm-WnXv: ""ssZhw Xs∂-bm-Wv, {InkvXp-hns‚ apJØp

shfn-hm-°-s∏´ ssZh-tX-P- n-s\°pdn®p≈ Adn-hns‚

{]Imiw Rßƒ°p- X-tc-≠-Xn\p Rß-fpsS lrZ-b-

ßsf {]Im-in-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv'' (2 tImdn. 4:6). IÆmSnbn-

se-∂-t]m-se, {InkvXp-hns‚ {]Im-iw ss{IkvX-h-cpsS

apJØv {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. AXp hym]n®v \Ωn-te°v Cd-

ßn-h-cp-∂p. CuÃ¿ Bcm-[\m-{I-a-Øn¬, s]k-lm-Øn-

cn-bpsS {]Imiw FÆ-a‰ a‰-t\Iw sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-I-fn-te°v

{]Imiw ]I¿∂p-\¬-Ip∂-Xp-t]mseXs∂, {InkvXp-

hns‚ {]Im-i-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm\pw B {]Imiw a‰p-≈-

h-cn-te°v {]Xn-^en-∏n-°m\pw \ap°pw Ign-bp-∂-Xn-\p-

th-≠n-bm-Wn-Xv. Hcp sagp-Ip-Xncn as‰mcp sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-

bn¬\n∂v IØn-s®Sp-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂, Hcp hy‡n-

bn¬\n∂v as‰mcp hy‡n-bn-te°v kº¿°w-hgn hn-

izmkw IS-∂p-sN√p-∂p F∂v \ap°p ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ss{IkvX-h¿, Ah-cpsS Zmcn-{Zy-Øn¬, Hcp hnØp \Sp-

∂p; temIsØ AXns‚ ^ew-sIm≠p \nd-bv°m≥ Ign-

bp∂ Hcp henb hr£am-bn-Øo-c-Ø-°-hÆw kº-∂-

amWv B hnØv.

38. F√m-bn-S-Øp-ap≈ a\pjy-cn-te°v Hcp {]Imiw

sIm≠p-hcp-I am{X-a√ hnizm-k-{]-k-cWw sNøp-∂-Xv.

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \nßƒ°v G¬]n®pX∂p


Hcp Xe-ap-d-bn¬\n∂v as‰m-∂n-te°v IS∂p-sN-∂p-sIm≠v

AXv Ime-Øn-eqsS {]bmWw sNøp-∂p. hnizmkw, Ncn{X-

Øn¬ \S-°p∂ Hcp I≠p-ap- eneqsS P\n-°p-Ibpw, Ime-

Øn-eqsSbp≈ \ΩpsS bm{Xsb Zo-]vX-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂Xn\m¬ F√m Ime-L-´-ß-fnepw AXp ssIam-d-s∏S-

Ww. km£n-I-fpsS apdn-bmØ Hcp irwJ-e-bn-eq-sSbm-

Wv tbip-hns‚ Xncp-apJw \ap°p Z¿in-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip-

∂-Xv. ]s£ Fß-s\-bm-Wv CXp km[y-am-IpI? Cu \q‰m-

≠p-Iƒs°√mw-tijhpw, ""bYm¿∞ tbip''hns\-bmWv

\mw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®-sX∂v \ap-s°-ßs\ Dd∏m-°m≥

Ignbpw? \mw shdpw H‰-s∏´ hy‡n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬,

XnI®pw Ak-∂nKv≤amb Adn-hns‚ ASn-ÿm-\sØ

AXn¬-Øs∂ tXSp∂ \ΩpsS tIhew hy‡n-]-c-amb

Al¥-bn¬ \n∂mWv \mw XpSßnbncp-∂-sX-¶n¬, C-

Øc-Øn-ep≈ Hcp kp\n-›n-XXzw Akm-[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-

∂p. F{Xtbm -Imew apºp-\-S∂ Hcp ImcyØns‚ \nP-

ÿnXn F\n-°p-Xs∂ t\cn-´pd∏p hcp-ØpI Akm-[y-

am-Wv. F∂m¬ \mw Adnhp t\Sp∂ Htc Hcp hgn CX-√.

Bfp-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw ]c-kv]-c-_‘-Øn-emWv Pohn-°p-∂-

Xv. \mw a‰p-≈-h-cn¬\n∂p hcp∂p; \mw a‰p≈-h¿°p

kz¥-am-Wv; A\y-cp-am-bp≈ I≠p-ap´-eneqsS \ΩpsS

Pohn-X-ßƒ hnim-e-am-Ip∂p. \ΩpsS Adnhpw Bfl-t_m-

[hpwt]mepw _‘-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv; \ap°p

ap≥t] IS-∂p-t]mb a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv Ah _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-

∂p: \ap°v \ΩpsS Poh\pw \ΩpsS t]cpw \¬Inb

\ΩpsS amXm-]nXm-°-∑m-cmWv Ah-cn¬ {]Y-a-ÿm-\-Øp-

≈-Xv. mj-X-s∂, \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ß-ƒ°pw \ap°p Np‰p-

ap≈ temI-Øn\pw A¿∞w \¬Ip∂ hm°p-IƒXs∂,

a‰p-≈-h-cn¬-\n∂m-Wv \Ωn-te°p IS-∂p-hcp-∂-Xv.

A\ycpsS kPohkvac-W-bn¬ kq£n-bv°-s∏ -h-bm-Wh.

73

IqSp-X¬ hn]p-e-amb Hcp Hm¿Ω-bn¬ \mw ]¶p-tN-cp-

tºmƒ am{X-amWv Bfl-⁄m\w km[y-am-bn-Øo-cp-I.

am\p-jnI-[m-c-Wsb AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ FØn-°p∂

hnizmk-sØ kw_-‘n®pw CXp- hmkvX-h-am-Wv. hnizmk-

Øns‚ `qX-Im-ew, temI-Øn-te°v ]pXnb Poh≥

sIm≠p-h∂ tbip-hns‚ B kvt\l-{]-hr-Øn, \Ωn-

te°v Cd-ßn-h-cp-∂Xv a‰p-≈-h-cpsS — km£n-I-fpsS —kvac-W-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. B Hm¿Ω ]pe¿Øp∂ k` F∂

GI-hn-j-b-Øn-emWv AXv kPo-h-ambn \ne-sIm≈p-∂-

Xv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ `mj kwkm-cn-°m≥ \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-

°p∂ Hc-Ω-bmWv k`. hnizm-k-sØbpw kvac-W-sbbpw

KmV-ambn tbmPn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah c≠n-s\bpw tbip

]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, ""Rm≥ \nß-tfmSp ]d-™n-´p-≈-

sX√mw \nßsf A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂'' (tbml. 14:26) ]cn-

ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-tØmSp _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw

sNbvXp-sIm≠v, hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ C°mcyw Xs‚

kphnti-j-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. k`-bn¬ hkn-

°p∂ kvt\l-am-Ip∂ ]cn-ip≤m-flmhv F√m Ime-L-´-

ßsf-bpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-Ibpw \sΩ tbip-hns‚ ka-

Imen-I-cm°n-Øo¿-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ \ΩpsS hnizm-k-

Øns‚ Xo¿∞-bm-{X-bn¬ \sΩ \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

39. \ΩpsS kz¥w-\n-e-bn¬, hnizmkw D≠m-bncn-°pI

F∂Xv Akm-[y-am-Wv. hnizmkw hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZ-b-

Øns‚ Bg-ßfn¬ kw -hn-°p∂ tIhew hy‡n-]-c-amb

Hcp Xocp-am-\tam hnizm-kn-bpsS ""Rm\pw'' ssZhn-I ""A-

ßpw'' XΩn-ep≈, kzbw \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ Hcp hy‡nbpw

ssZhhpw XΩn-ep-≈, Xo¿Øpw kzIm-cy-amb Hcp _‘-

tam A√. hnizmkw AXns‚ kz`m-h-Øm¬Xs∂ k`-

bpsS ""\Ωfn''te°v Xpd-∂n-cn-°p-∂p; AXv Ft∏m-gpw

kw -hn-°p-∂Xv k`bp-sS Iq´m-bva-bn-em-Wv. ⁄m\-kv\m-



\-Xncp°¿Ω-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hnizm-k-{]-am-W-

Øns‚ kw`m-j-W-cq]w CXv \sΩ A-\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Hcp £W-Øn-\p-≈, tIƒ°-s∏-tS-≠Xpw Fs‚ kz¥-a-

√m-Ø-Xp-amb Hcp hm°n-t\m-Sp-≈, {]Xyp-Ø-c-Ønem-Wv

hnizmkw ChnsS Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. AXv Hcp

kw`m-j-W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. AXv Hcp

hy‡n-bn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ tIh-e-amb Hcp {]Jym-]-

\-a-√. ""Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂p'' F∂v GI-hN\-Øn¬ \mw

{]Xyp-Øcw \¬Ip-∂Xv \mw henb Hcp Iq´m-bva-bpsS

`mK-ambXpsIm-≠p-am-{X-am-Wv; ""Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p∂p''

F∂p-IqSn \mw G‰p-]-dbp-∂-Xp-sIm≠m-Wv. k`m-]-c-amb

""Rß-tfm-Sp≈'' Cu Xpdhn, ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w kvt\-

l-Øns‚ Xpd-hnsb {]Xn- -en∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh-kvt\lw

]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw XΩn-ep-≈, Hcp ""Aßpw'' Hcp ""Rm-

\pw'' XΩn-ep-≈, _‘w am{X-a√; AXv Znhym-flm-hn-ep≈

Hcp ""\Ωƒ'' IqSn-bm-Wv, hy‡n-I-fpsS Hcp Iq´m-bva-bmWv.

hnizkn-°p∂h¿ Hcn°-epw X\n-sb-bm-Im-ØXv F¥p-

sIm-≠m-sW∂pw AXns‚ kt¥mjØn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm≥

a‰p-≈-hsc £Wn-°p-tºmƒ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv hnizmkw

hym]n-°m-\p≈ {]h-WX {]I-S-am-°p-∂-sX∂pw ChnsS

\mw ImWp-∂p. ]pXn-bXpw kº-∂-am-°p-∂-Xp-amb _‘-

ßƒ Pohn-X-Øn-te°p IS-∂p-h-cp-tºmƒ Xß-fpsS N{I-

hm-f-ßƒ hnImkw {]m]n°p-∂-Xmbn hnizmkw kzoI-cn-

°p-∂-h¿ Is≠-Øp-∂p. ""]pXpP-∑w \¬Ip∂ ip≤o-I-c-

W-Øn\ptijw'' Hcp ]pXnb IpSpw-_-Øns‚ mKw F∂

\ne-bn¬ Xß-fpsS amXr-`-h-\-Øn-te°v kzmKXw sNø-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw Xß-fpsS k-tlm-Z-coktlm-Zc∑mtcm-Sp-IqSn

"kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXmth' sNm√p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cmbn

⁄m\-kv\m-\m¿∞n-Isf {]Xn-]mZn-°p-tºmƒ, sX¿Øp-

ey≥ C°mcyw IqSp-X¬ hy‡am-bn ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv.34

75

IqZm-i-Ifpw hnizm-kØns‚ -{]-k-c-Whpw40. F√m IpSpw-_-ß-sfbpwt]mse k`bpw AhfpsS

Hm¿Ω-IfpsS Ie-hd apgp-h≥ Xs‚ a°ƒ°p ssIamdp-

∂p. ]t£, Fß-s\-bmWv H∂pw \jvS-s∏-SmØ coXn-

bn¬ CXp kw`-hn-°p-I, AYhm AXn-t\-°mƒ IqSpX-

embn hnizm-k-ss]-Xr-I-Øn-ep-≈-sX√mw IqSp-X¬ AKm-

[-ambn a\- n-em-°-s∏-SpI? ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS klm-

b-tØm-Sp-IqSn k`-bn¬ kwc£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ A∏-kvtXm-

enI ]mc-º-cy-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv CXv kw -hn-°p∂-Xpw \mw

ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hm¿Ω-I-tfmSv kPo-h-kº¿°w

]pe¿Øp-∂Xpw. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu -kn¬ {]kvXm-

hn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cn¬-\n∂v ssIam-dn-

°n- n-b-Xn¬ ""ssZh-P-\Øn\v hnip≤n-bn¬ Pohn-°phm\pw

hnizmkØn¬ hf-cphm\pw klm-b-I-am-b-sX√mw AS-

ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. C{]Imcw, k` Ah-fpsS {]t_m-

[\ßfnepw Pohn-X-Ønepw Bcm-[-\-bnepw, Ahƒ Bbn-

cn-°p∂ F√mw, Ahƒ hnizkn-°p∂ k¿hXpw imiz-X-

am-°pI-bpw F√m Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°pw {]k-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.'' 35

hmkvX-h-Øn¬, hnizm-k-Øn-\v, km£yw hln-°-s∏-

Sm\pw Adn-bn-°-s∏-Sm\pw Ign-bp∂ Hcp ]›m-Ø-ew, Adn-

bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v A\p-tbmPy-hpw B\p-]mXn-I-hp-amb

Hcp am[yaw, Bh-iy-am-Wv. XnI®pw ssk≤m-¥n-I-amb

Hcp D≈-S°w ]I¿∂p \¬Im≥ Hcm-i-btam Hcp-]t£

Hcp {KŸtam hmbvsam-gn-bn-ep≈ Hcp ktμ-i-Øns‚

Bh¿Ø-\tam aXn-bm-tb-°pw. F∂m¬ k`-bn¬ Adn-

bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv, Ah-fpsS kPoh-]m-c-º-cy-Øn¬ ssIam-

d-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, kXy-ssZ-h-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp I≠p-ap-´-en¬\n-

∂m-hn¿`-hn-°p∂ ]pXnb {]Im-i-am-Wv, \ΩpsS kØ-

bpsS tI{μ-Øn¬-Xs∂ \sΩ kv]¿in-°p-∂Xpw Iq´m-



bva-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ _‘-ß-fn-te°v \sΩ Xpd-∂p-

sIm≠v \ΩpsS a\- ns\bpw C—-I-sfbpw hnIm-c-ß-

sfbpw I¿Ω-\nc-X-am-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp {]Im-iw. Cu

]q¿ÆX ]I¿∂p-\¬Im≥ Hcp {]tXyI am¿K-ap-≠v, ico-

c-tØm-Spw Bflm-thmSpw B¥-cn-I-Po-hn-X-tØmSpw a‰p-

≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ _‘-ß-tfm-Spw-IqSn hy‡nsb apgp-h-\mbn

Dƒ-s°m≈p-hm≥ {]m]vX-amb Hcp am¿Kw. k`bpsS Bcm-

[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ ]cn-I¿Ωw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ IqZmiIfm-WXv.

IqZm-i-Iƒ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ ÿeIme-ß-tfmSv

_‘-s∏-´v, \ΩpsS F√m C{μn-b-ß-tfmSpw _‘-s∏´v,

Ah-Xo¿Æ-amb Hcp kvacW kwth-Z\w sNøp-∂p. Hcp

kPo-h- ico-cØnse AwK-sa∂ \nebn-epw kmaq-lnI

_‘-ß-fpsS irwJ-e-bnse IÆnsb∂ \ne-bnepw

hy‡n apgp-h-\mbn Ah-bn¬ hym]r-X-\m-Ip-∂p. IqZm-i-

Isf√mw hnizm-k-Øns‚ IqZm-i-Ifm-bncn-s°-Øs∂,36

hnizm-k-Øn-\v Hcp IuZm-in-I- LS\ D-s≠∂p ]d-bm≥

Ign-bpw. a\p-jy-hy-‡n-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bnepw ss{IkvX-

h¿ F∂ \ne-bnepw \ΩpsS PohnX-ßfn¬ hnizm-k-

Øns‚ DW¿hv Hcp ]pXnb IuZm-in-I-t_m-[-Øns‚

Bhn¿`m-h-tØmSp _‘-s∏´n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ Zriyhpw

`uXn-I-hp-amb bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ Ah-bv°p-Xs∂ AXo-

X-ambn \nXy-X-bpsS cl-ky-Øn-te°v hnc¬Nq≠p-∂-

Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂p.

41. hnizm-k-{]-k-cWw {][m-\-ambpw {]Y-a-ambpw kw -

hn-°p-∂Xv ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øn-em-Wv. ⁄m\-kv\m\w

hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]-\sØ {]Xo-I-h-XvI-cn-°m-\p≈ Hcp

am¿Kw am{X-am-sW∂pw kmZr-iy-ßfpw AS-bm-f-ßfpw

Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿°p≈ t_m[-\-]-c-amb Hcp D]-I-c-W-

am-sW∂pw AtX-k-abw AXv BXy-¥nI-ambn A\m-

hiyamsW∂pw Nne¿ hnNm-cn-t®-°mw. F∂m¬ Imcyw

77

Aß-s\-b-s√∂v hnip≤ ]utemkn-s‚ Hcp \nco-£Ww

\sΩ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]utemkv Cßs\ {]kvXm-

hn-°p∂p: ""Ahs‚ ac-W-Øn-ep≈ ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øm¬

\mw Ah-t\m-sSmØp kwkvIcn-°-s∏-´p. {InkvXp acn-®-

Xn-\p-tijw ]nXm-hns‚ alXz-Øn¬ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-

Xp-t]mse \mapw ]pXnb PohnXw \bn-t°-≠-Xn-\mWv

Ah-t\m-sSmØp kwkvI-cn-°-s∏- Xv'' (tdmam. 6:4). ⁄m\-

kv\m-\-Øn¬ \mw Hcp ]pXnb krjvSnbpw ssZh-Øns‚

ZØp-]p-{X-∑m-cp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ lrZ-b-

]q¿hw A\p-kcn-°p∂ (cf. tdmam. 6:17) Hcp ""{]t_m-[-\-

\n-e-hmc''Øn\v (typos didachés) ss{IkvX-h¿ Gev]n-°-

s∏´n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn At∏m-kvX-e≥ XpS¿∂p-]-d-bp-∂p.

⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øn¬ \mw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv {]Jym-]n-°-

s∏-tS≠ Hcp {]t_m-[-\hpw Hcp {]tXyI Pohn-X-co-Xn-

bp-am-Wv. Cu Pohn-X-coXn apgp-h≥ hy‡n-bpsSbpw {]Xn-

_-≤X Bhiy-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw \sΩ \∑-bn-te-°p≈ ]mX-

bn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂Xp-amWv. ⁄m\-kv\m\w kzoI-cn-

°p-∂-h¿ Hcp ]pXnb ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw k -bn¬ Hcp ]pXnb ]cn-ÿn-Xnbv-°v, ]pXn-bXpw

]¶mfn-Ø-ap-≈-Xp-amb Hcp {]h¿Ø\-co-Xnbv°v, cta-ev-

]n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. At∏mƒ, H‰s∏´ hy‡n-I-

fpsS t\´-a√ hnizm-k-sa∂v ⁄m\-kv\m\w \ap°v

ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂p. B¿s°-¶nepw kz¥-ambn sNøm-hp∂

Hcp {]hr-Øn-b√ AXv. ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\w {]k-cn-∏n-

°p∂ k`-bpsS Iq´m-bva-bn-te°v {]th-in-°p∂Xp-hgn

kzoI-cn-t°≠ H∂m-W-Xv. Bcpw X∂-Øm≥ temI-Øn-

te°p hcm-Ø-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ Bcpw kzbw ⁄m\-

kv\m-\-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. ⁄m\-kv\m\w \mw kzoIcn-°p∂

H∂m-Wv.

42. Cu ]pXnb ""{]t_m-[\ \ne-hmc''Ønte°v \sΩ



{]th-in-∏n-°p∂ ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øns‚ LS-I-ßƒ Gh-

bm-Wv? BZyw ]cn-ip≤ {XnXz-Øns‚ — ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw

]p{X-s‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s‚bpw — \maw ⁄m\-

kv\m-\m¿∞n-bp-sS-ta¬ Bhm-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Aß-s\,

XpS°wapX¬X-s∂, hnizm-k-bm-{X-bpsS Hcp ka-\zbw

\¬I-s∏-SpIbmWv. A{_m-lsØ hnfn-°p-Ibpw At±-

l-Øns‚ ssZh-sa∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sm≥ B{K-ln-°pI-bpw

sNbvX ssZhw, tamibv°v Xs‚ \maw shfn-s∏Sp-Ønb

ssZhw, Xs‚ ]p{Xs\ \ap°v \¬In-b-Xn-eqsS Xs‚

\ma-Øns‚ clkyw ]q¿Æ-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb ssZhw,

⁄m\-kv\m\w kzoI-cn® hy‡nbv°v Ct∏mƒ ]pt{Xm-

Nn-X-amb Hcp ]pXnb hy‡nXzw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.

PeØn¬ ap°p-I F∂ ⁄m\-kv\m-\-I¿Ω-Øn¬Xs∂

CXv hy‡-ambn ImWm-hp∂-Xm-Wv. ]pXn-bXpw al-Ø-c-

hp-amb Hcp hy‡n-Xz-Øn-te°v kz¥w am\-km-¥-c-Øn-

eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Im≥ \sΩ £Wn-°p∂ ac-W-Øns‚

Hcp {]Xo-I-amWv Pew; AtX-k-abw AXv Poh-s‚,

{InkvXp-hns\ Ahn-SpsØ ]pXnb Pohn-X-Øn¬ A\p-K-

an-°p∂Xphgn \mw \h-P∑w {]m]n-°p∂ DZ-c-Øn-s‚,

Hcp {]XoIw IqSn-bm-Wv. C{]-Im-cw, Pe-Øn¬ ap°p-∂-

Xn-eq-sS, hnizmk-Øns‚ a\pjymh-Xm-c-]-c-amb LS-\-

sb-°p-dn®v ⁄m\-kv\m\w \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

{InkvXp-hns‚ {]h¿-Ø\w \ΩpsS kØ-bpsS Bg-ß-

fn-te°v Xpf-™p-I-b-dp-Ibpw \sΩ kaqew ]cn-h¿Ø\w

sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXp \sΩ ssZh-Øns‚

ZØp]p{Xcpw ssZhn-I-kz-`m-h-Øn¬ ]¶p-Imcp-am-°p-∂p.

Aßs\ AXv \ΩpsS F√m _‘-ß-fnepw Cu temI-

Ønepw {]]-©-Ønepw \ap-°p≈ ÿm\-Ønepw am‰w-

h-cp-Øp-Ibpw \ΩpsS _‘-ßsf ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w

Iq´mbvamPohn-X-Øn-te°p Xpd°pI-bpw sNøp-∂p.

79

⁄m\-kv\m\-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ Cu am‰w \h-kp-hn-

ti-j-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠n, ⁄m\-kv\m-\m¿∞n-Isf

]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ khn-ti-j-{]m-[m\yw hne-a-Xn-

°m≥ \ap°p klmbI-amIpIbpw CXp-aqew ]ucm-WnI

ss{Ikv-X-h-thcpI-fp≈ kaq-l-ß-fn¬t]mepw {]mb-

]q¿Øn-bmb IqSp-X¬IqSp-X¬ Bfp-Iƒ ⁄m\-kv\m\w

F∂ IqZmi-sb Ct∏mƒ kao-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXv

{InkvXp-hn¬ \ΩpsS kakv-X-Po-hn-Xhpw ]cn-h¿Ø\w

sNøp∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øn-\p-≈ Hcp°-

Øns‚ hgn-bm-Wv.

⁄m\-kv\m-\hpw hnizm-khpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu _‘w

hne-a-Xn-°m≥, BZna ss{IkvX-h-{KŸ-k-©b-Øn¬

⁄m\-kv\m-\-tØmSp _‘-s∏´ncp-∂, Giøm {]hmN-

Is‚ Hcp hN\w \ap°v A\p-kva-cn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv:

""inem-Zp¿Kß-fm¬ Ah≥ {]Xn-tcm-[-ap-d-∏n-°pw... Ah\v

Zml-Pew In´p-sa∂p Xo¿®''(Gi. 33:16).37 ⁄m\-kv\m-

\w kzoI-cn-®-h¿ Ct∏mƒ, ac-W-Øns‚ Pem-i-b-Øn¬-

\n∂p c£n-°-s∏-´v, Hcp ""inem-Zp¿K''-Øn¬ \n¿Ø-s∏-

´p; Fs¥-∂m¬ Ah¿ ZrVhpw hniz-k-\o-b-hp-amb Hcp

ASn-ÿm\w Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™p. ac-W-Øns‚ Pemibw

Aßs\ Poh-P-e-ambn ]cnh¿-Ø\w sNø-s∏-´p. ""In´p-

sa∂p Xo¿®''bp≈ B Pe-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-tºmƒ, ""hniz-

kvXw'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ pistós F∂ ]Z-amWv {Ko-°p`mj-

bn-ep≈ hnip≤ {KŸ-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. ⁄m\-

kv\m-\-Pew Xo¿®-bmbpw hniz-kvXhpw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-

hp-am-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, AXp {]h-ln-°p-∂Xv Pohn-X-bm-

{X-bn¬ \ΩpsS kp\n-›n-X-Xz-Øns‚ t{kmX- mb

{InkvXp-hns‚ i‡n-sIm≠mWv.

43. ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øns‚ LS-\, \mw Hcp ]pXnb

\mahpw Hcp ]pXnb Poh\pw kzoI-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]pXp-



P∑w F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ AXns‚ cq]w, inip amtΩm-Zo-

km-bpsS A¿∞hpw {]m[m-\yhpw hne-a-Xn-°m≥ \sΩ

klm-bn-°p-∂p. kzX-{¥-amb Hcp {]h¿Ø-\w-hgn hnizm-

kw kzoI-cn-°m≥ inip-°ƒ {]m]vX-c-√; B hnizmkw

kz¥w \ne-bn¬ {]Jym-]n-°m\pw At∏mƒ Ah¿°p Ign-

bp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS \ma-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS

amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpw Bflob amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpw

hnizmkw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. hnizmkw k`-bpsS Iq´m-bva-

bn¬ Pohn-°s∏Sp∂ Hcp bmYm¿∞y-hpw s]mXp-hmb

Hcp ""Rß-fpsS'' `mK-hpam-b-Xn-\m¬ Ipń-Isf a‰p-≈-

h¿°v, Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿-°pw Bflob amXm-

]n-Xm-°-∑m-¿°pw, ]n≥Xp-W-bv°m-hp-∂Xpw k`-bptSXp

Xs∂-bmb Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-Øn-te°v kzmKXw sNøm-

hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. s]klmØn-cn-bn¬\n∂v Ipń-bpsS ]nXmhv

sImfp-Øp∂ sagp-Ip-Xncn CXns‚ {]Xo-I-am-Wv. Aßs\

hnizmkw ssI-amdp-∂-Xn¬ k`bpw IpSpw-_hpw XΩn-

ep≈ kl-I-c-W-Øns‚ \n¿Æm-b-I-{]m-[m\yw ⁄m\-

kv\m-\-Øns‚ LS\ {]I-S-am-°p-∂p. hnip≤ BK-kvXo-

t\mkv Hcn-°¬ ]d-™-Xp-t]m-se, Ipń-Isf temI-Øn-

te°p sIm≠p-h-cm≥ am{X-a√ Ahsc ssZh-Øn-te°v

B\-bn°m\pw amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ hnfn-°-s∏-ńcn°p-∂p.

⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øn-eqsS Ah¿°v ssZh-a-°-fmbn \h-

P∑w {]m]n-°m\pw hnizm-k-Øns‚ Zm\w kzoI-cn-°m\pw

Ign-bpw.38 Aß-s\, Poht\m-sSm∏w IpńIƒ°v auenI-

amb Hcp B`n-apJyw \¬I-s∏-Sp∂p; Ah¿°v \√ Hcp

`mhn Dd-∏m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu B`n-apJyw ssÿcy-te-]\w

F∂ IqZm-i-bn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ap{Z-tbm-Sp-IqSn IqSp-

X¬ i‡-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

44. hnizm-k-Øns‚ IuZm-in-I-kz-`mhw AXns‚

G‰hpw D∂-X-amb Bhn-jvImcw Is≠-Øp-∂Xv Znhy-

81

Imcp-Wy-Øn-em-Wv. Znhy-Im-cpWyw hnizm-k-Øn-\p≈ Aaq-

ey-amb Hcp t]mj-W-am-Wv. Xs‚ ]c-a-amb kvt\l-{]hr-

Øn-bn¬ kXy-ambn k∂n-lnX\mbn-cn°p∂ {InkvXp-hp-

am-bp≈ Hcp A`n-ap-Jo-I-c-Ww, Poh-Zm-b-I-amb Ahn-

SpsØ Bfl-Zm-\w. ]c-kv]cw \n¿e-bn°p∂ hnizm-k-

Øns‚ c≠p am\-ßƒ Znhy-Im-cpWy-Øn¬ \mw ImWp-

∂p. Hcp-h-iØv Ncn-{X-Øns‚ am\-am-Wp≈-Xv. Znhy-Im-

cpWyw A\p-kva-c-W-Øns‚ Hcp I¿ΩamWv. BXy-¥n-

I-amb ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øns‚ kqN\ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-th-

≠n, qX-Im-ew, Hcp mhn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈ AXns‚

Ignhv {]I-S-am-°p-Ibpw, ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]p\-cp-∞m-\-

Øn-s‚bpw Hcp khn-ti-j-kw- hw F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ cl-

kysØ h¿Ø-am\Ime-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. ""tlmZntb'' (hodie) c£m-Ic cl-ky-ß-fpsS

""C∂v'', F∂ hm°v Bh¿-Øn-®p-sIm≠v, Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw

CXp \sΩ A\p-kvacn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. adp-h-i-Øv, Zriy-tem-

I-Øn¬-\n∂v AZr-iy-tem-I-Øn-te°p \bn°p∂ am\hpw

\mw ImWp-∂p. Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øn¬ bmYm¿-∞y-Øns‚

Hu∂-Xy-ßfpw Bg-ßfpw ImWm≥ \mw A`y-kn-°p-∂p.

A∏hpw ho™pw, ]nXm-hn-te-°p≈ Xs‚ IS-∂p-t]m-I-

en¬ (Passover) k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂ {InkvXp-hns‚

Xncp-i-co-c-c-‡-ß-fmbn amdp-I-bm-W-s√m. Cu am‰w, ssZh-

Øn¬ AXns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-te-°p≈ krjvS-Pm-e-

Øns‚ Ne\-Øn-te°v \sΩ ico-c-tØmSpw Bflm-

thmSpwIqSn ASp-∏n-°p-∂p.

45. IqZm-i-Iƒ ]cn-I¿Ωw sNøp-tºmƒ, {]tXy-In®v

hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]-\-Øn-eq-sS, k` Ah-fpsS Hm¿Ω ssIam-

dp-I-bm-Wv. Aaq¿Ø-amb Hcp-Iq´w kXy-ßƒ°v Hcmƒ

\¬Ip∂ kΩXw am{X-a√ hnizm-k-{]-am-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-

´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-ep]cn hnizm-k-{]am-Ww sNm√p-tºmƒ



Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ kºq¿Æ Iq´m-bva-bn-te-

°p≈ Hcp bm{X-bn-te°v PohnXw apgp-h-\m-bn-Øs∂

BI¿jn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. hnizm-k-{]-am-W-Øn¬, hnizm-

kn-Iƒ Ah¿ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂ cl-ky-Øn-te°p {]th-

in-°phm\pw AXphgn ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sp-hm\pw

£Wn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW∂p ]d-bmw. CXns‚ A¿∞w

F¥m-sW∂p a\ n-em-°m≥, \ap°v BZyw hnizm-k-{]-

am-W-Øns‚ D≈-S-°-w ]cn-tim[n°mw. AXn\v {XnXzm-

flIamb Hcp LS\bmWp-≈-Xv: ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw

kvt\l-Øns‚ Acq-]n-bn¬ sFIy-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Aß-

s\, F√m AkvXn-Xz-ß-fp-sSbpw tI{μ-ÿm-\w, F√m

bmYm¿∞y-ß-fp-sSbpw G‰hpw B¥-cn-I-amb cl-kyw,

ssZhnI Iq´m-bva-bm-sW∂v hnizmkn {]kvXm-hn-°p-I-bm-

Wv. {InkvXp-hn-⁄m-\o-b-]-c-amb Hcp {]Jym-]-\hpw

hnizmk-{]-am-W-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn- p-≠v: {InkvXp-hns‚ ac-

Whpw D∞m-\hpw Ahn-SpsØ al-Xz-]q¿Æ-amb A¥n-

a-{]-Xym-K-a-\-Øn\p ap≥]p≈ kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-hpw-h-sc,

Ahn-SpsØ Pohn-X-Ønse F√m cl-ky-ßfn-epwIqSn

AXp \sΩ Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Iq´m-bva-bpsS Cu

ssZhw, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-ep≈ ]nXm-hns‚-bpw ]p{X-

s‚bpw ]c-kv]-c-kvt\-lw, a\p-jy-N-cn-{XsØ apgp-h≥

Bt«-jn-°m\pw ]nXm-hn¬ t{kmX pw ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-

hp-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚ Ne-\m-flI sFIy-Øn-te°v B

Ncn-{XsØ hen-®-Sp-∏n-°phm\pw {]m]vX-am-sW∂v AXp

\tΩmSp ]d-bp-∂p. Xs‚ hnizmkw G‰p-]-d-bp∂ Hcp

hy‡n G‰p-]-d-b-s∏-Sp∂ kXy-Øn-te°v Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-

I-bm-Wv. ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sm-sX, B kvt\l-N-cn-

{X-Øns‚ mK-am-bn-Øo-cm-sX, Hcp hy‡n°v kXy-k-‘-

ambn hnizm-k-{]-am-W-Ønse hm°p-Iƒ sNm√m≥ Ign-

bp-I-bn-√. Cu kvt\l-N-cn{Xw B hy‡nsb Bt«-jn-

83

°pI-bpw AkvXn-XzsØ hnI-kz-cam°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

AXm-I-s´, B hnizm-knsb BXy-¥n-I-am-bn, hnizm-k-

{]-amWw sNm√p∂ k` F∂ alm-Iq-´m-bva-bpsS mKam-

°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. \mw hniz-kn-°p∂ Cu k-

Xy-ß-sf√mw Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Iq´m-bva-bnte-

bv°p≈ Hcp bm{X F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]pXnb hnizm-k-Po-

hn-X-Øns‚ cl-ky-Øn-te°p hnc¬Nq-≠p-I-bm-Wv.

hnizm-khpw {]m¿∞-\bpw ]Øp-I-ev]-\-Ifpw46. k`-bpsS Cu Hm¿Ω-bpsS hniz-kvX-amb {]k-c-W-

Øn¬ a‰p c≠p-L-S-I-ßƒ AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. BZy-tØ-

Xv ""kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXmth'' F∂ I¿Xr-{]m¿∞-\-bm-

Wv. ChnsS {InkvXp-hns‚ kz¥w Bflo-bm-\p-`-h-Øn¬

]¶p-tN-cm\pw F√m Imcy-ßfpw Ahn-SpsØ ZrjvSn-I-

fn¬IqSn ImWm\pw ss{IkvX-h¿ A`y-kn-°p-∂p. {]Im-

i-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ {]Im-ihpw ]nXm-hns‚ GI-Pm-X-\p-amb

Ahn-Sp-∂n¬\n∂v \mw ssZh-sØ-°pdn®v Adn-bm≥ CS-

bm-Ip-∂p. B ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v ASp-°m-\p≈ B{Klw

a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ Pzen-∏n-°m≥ Aßs\ \ap°p Ign-bp∂p.

AXpt]mse-X-s∂, hnizm-khpw ]Øp-{]-am-W-ßfpw

XΩn-ep≈ _‘hpw {][m-\-am-Wv. \mw t\ctØ ]d™-

Xp-t]m-se, hnizmkw Hcp bm{X-bp-sS, ]n≥Xp-Stc≠-Xmb

Hcp ]mX-bp-sS, cq]w ssIs°m-≈p-∂p. AXv Bcw-`n-°p-

∂Xv Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp I≠p-ap-´tem-Sp-

Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. ]Øp {]am-W-ßƒ Ah-bpsS G‰hpw AKm-

[-amb kXyw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-

®ØnemWv; c£n-°p∂ ssZh-sØ ]q¿Æ-ambn `c-ta-

ev]n-°p-∂-Xn-em-Wv. {]am-W-ß-sf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ hN-

\ß-fn¬ CXp ImWm≥ Ignbpw: ""CuPn-]vXn¬\n∂p

\ns∂ ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h∂ Rm\m-Wv \ns‚ ssZh-amb



I¿Ømhv'' (]pd. 20:2). ]Øp-{]am-W-ßƒ Hcp-Iq´w \ntj-

[m-flI Iev]-\-I-f-√, {]XypX, Ah ssZh-hp-ambn kw`m-

j-W-Øn-te¿-s∏-Sm\pw AhnSp-sØ Imcp-Wy-Øm¬

Bt«-jn-°-s∏-Sm\pw A\-¥cw B Imcp-WysØ a‰p-

≈-h-cn-tebv°p ]Icm\pw-th-≠n, kzm¿-∞-]-chpw kzbw

sI´n-b-S-®-Xp-amb Al-¥-bpsS acp- q-an-bn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øp-

I-S-°m-\p≈ kaq¿Ø-\n¿t±-i-ß-fm-Wv. F√m-‰n-s‚bpw

Bcw-`hpw F√mw Ic-ß-fn¬ kwhln°p-∂-h-\p-amb

ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-amWv hnizmkw G‰p-]-dbp∂-Xv.

ssZhhp-am-bp≈ sFIy-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xbnte°v bm{X-

sN-øm≥th≠n Cu kvt\-l-Øm¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sm≥ hnizm-

kw kzbw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. ]Øp Iev]-\-Iƒ IrX-⁄-

XbpsS ]mX-bm-bn, kvt\l-Øns‚ {]Xyp-Ø-c-am-bn, Im-

W-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXp km[y-am-Ip-∂Xv \tΩm-Sp≈ ssZh-Øn-

s‚ cq]m-¥-c-s∏SpØp∂ kvt\l-Øns‚ A\p- hw kzoI-

cn-°m≥ hnizm-k-Øn¬ \mw tbmKy-cm-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-

Wv. Cu ]mX- a-e-bnse {]kw-K-Øn-ep≈ (cf. aØm. 5:7)

tbip-hns‚ {]t_m-[-\-Øn¬\n∂v ]pXnb {]Imiw

kzoI-cn-°p-∂p.

k` ssIam-dp∂ Hm¿Ω-bpsS Ie-h-d-bn¬ AS-ßn-bn-

cn-°p∂ \mep LS-I-ßƒ Ch-bmWv: hnizm-k-{]Jym-]\w,

IqZm-i-I-fpsS ]cn-I¿Ωw, ]Øp-{]-am-W-ß-fpsS ]mX,

{]m¿∞-\. k`-bpsS aX-t_m-[\w ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn Cu

\mep-L-S-I-ßfpambn _‘-s∏-´mWv cq]s∏-SpØn-bn-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. CXn¬ "ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[\w'

Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. k` Ah-fpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ kakvX D≈-

S-°hpw ""Ahƒ Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°p-∂-sX-√mw, Ahƒ hniz-

kn-°p-∂-sX-√mw''39 ]I¿∂p\¬Ip∂ Ahn- m-Py-{]h¿Ø-

\-Øn-\p≈ Hcp auenI klm-bn-bmWv ItØm-en°mk -

bpsS aX-t_m-[\w.

85

hnizm-kØns‚ sFIyhpw ka{K-Xbpw47. ÿe-Im-e\n_-≤-amb k`-bpsS sFIyw hnizmk-

Øn-s‚ sFIy-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p: ""Hcp icoc-

hpw Hcp Bflm-hp-am-Wp-≈-Xv... Hcp hnizm-khpw'' (Ft^.

4:4˛5). Hcp s]mXp-D-t±-iy-Øn¬, ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ aaX-bn¬,

Htc`mK-t[-b-Ønepw GI-e-£y-Ønepw ]¶p-tNcp-∂-Xn¬,

Hcp-kwLw Bfp-Iƒ H∂p-tN-cp-∂Xv C°m-eØv \ap°v

k¶-ev]n-°m≥ Ign-bpw. F∂m¬ GI-k-Xy-Øn-ep≈ Hcp

sFIyw hn`m-h\ sNøpI F∂Xv t¢i-Ic-ambn \mw

ImWp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp sFIyw Nn¥m-kzm-X-

{¥yhpw hy‡n-]-c-amb kzbw-\n¿ÆbmhImihpambn

s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂n-√ F∂p Icp-Xm-\p≈ {]h-WX \ap-

°p-≠v. F∂m¬ s]mXp-hmb Hcp ImgvN-∏mSv km[y-am-

sW-∂mWv kvt\l-Øns‚ A\p`hw \ap°p ImWn-®p-

X-cp-∂-Xv. Imc-Ww, a‰p-≈-h-cpsS IÆp-I-fn¬IqSn bm-Ym¿-

∞yw ImWp-∂Xv F{]-Im-c-sa∂v kvt\l-Øn¬IqSn \mw

]Tn°p∂p. CXm-Is´ \ΩpsS ho£-WsØ Zcn-{Z-am-°p∂

Hs∂∂ \ne-bn-e-√, {]XypX AXns\ kº-∂-am-°p∂

Hs∂∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv. ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ amXrIbn-

ep≈ bYm¿∞ kvt\l-Øn\v BXy-¥n-I-ambn kXyw

Bh-iy-am-Wv. tbip-{InkvXphmIp∂ kXysØ-°pdn-®p-

≈ Iq´mb hnNn-¥\w kvt\lsØ AKm-[hpw \ne\n¬-

°p--∂-Xp-ambnØocm≥ Ign-hp-≈-Xm-°p-∂p. hnizm-k-Øn-

s‚ alm-k-t¥m-jhpw CXmWv: Hcp ico-c-Ønepw Hcp

Bflm-hn-ep-ap≈ ho£-W-Øns‚ sFIyw. alm-\mb

hnip≤ entbmbv°v Cßs\ ]d-bm≥ Ign™p: ""hnizm-

kw GI-a-s√-¶n¬ AXp hnizm-k-a√.''40

Cu sFIy-Øns‚ clkyw F¥mWv? Adn-b-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw G‰p-]-d-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ GIXz-

amWv hnizmkw ""GI''-ambncn-°p-hm-\p≈ H∂m-asØ



ImcWw. hnizm-k-{]-am-W-ß-sf√mw ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®p

kwkm-cn-°p-∂p; Ahn-Sp-sØbpw Ahn-SpsØ {]h¿-

Ø\ßsfbpw Adn-bm-\p≈ hgn-I-fm-W-h. XXv -eambn,

Ah-bpsS sFIyw a\p-jy-bp-‡n-bv°p km[y-amb GXp

\n¿Ωn-Xn-tb-°mfpw Gsd sa®-am-Wv. \sΩ kº∂-am-

°p∂ Hcp sFIy-amWv Ah-bpsS ]°ep≈-Xv. Fs¥-

∂m¬, AXv \ap°p \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw \sΩ H∂m-°n-

Øo¿°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

hnizmkw GI-am-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, AXv GI-I¿-Øm-

hns\, tbip-hns‚ PohnXsØ, Ahn-Sp∂v \Ω-fp-ambn

]¶p-tN-cp∂ kaq¿Ø Ncn-{X-sØ, e£y-am°p-∂p.

⁄m\hm-Z-Øns\Xnsc-bp≈ Xs‚ t]mcm-´-Øn¬

entbm¨knse hnip≤ sFtd-\n-bqkv CXp hy‡-am-

°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. c≠p-X-c-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw Ds≠∂v

⁄m\-hm-Zn-Iƒ A`n-{]m-b-s∏- n-cp-∂p. P\-km-am-\yØn\v

A\ptbmPyam-b, A]-cn-jvIr-X-am-b, A]q¿Æ-amb hnizm-

k-am-sWm-∂v. tbip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn-s‚bpw Ahn-SpsØ

cl-ky-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ [ym\-Øn-s‚bpw Xe-Øn¬ HXp-

ßp∂ Hcp hnizm-k-am-W-Xv. c≠m-atØ-Xm-Is´ IqSp-X¬

Bg-ap≈-Xpw ]q¿Æ-hp-amb hnizm-k-amWv. tbip-hns‚

ico-c-Øn\p-]-cn-bmbn Adn-b-s∏-SmØ ssZhnIXbn-te°v

Dbcm≥ _u≤n-I-ambn Ign-hp≈, khn-ti-j-⁄m\-ap-

≈-h-cpsS Hcp sNdnb KWØn-\p-th≠n AXp \o°n-h-

bv°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. C∂pw Cu Ah-Im-ihmZ-Øn\v Ipd-

s®ms° BI¿j-Whpw AXn-t‚-Xmb A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw

D≠v. CXns\ FXn¿Øp-sIm-≠v, Hcp hnizmkw am{X-ta-

bp≈psh∂v hnip≤ sFtd-\n-bqkv i‡-ambn hmZn-®p.

Imc-Ww, AXv A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jym-h-Xmcw

F∂ kaq¿Ø-kw-`-h-Øn-em-Wv; AXn\v Hcn-°epw

{InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-Øn\pw Ncn{X-Øn\pw AXoXamIm≥

87

Ign-bp-I-bn-√; B ico-c-Øn-emWp Xs∂-Øs∂ ]q¿Æ-

ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ssZhw Xncp-a-\- m-b-Xv. C°m-c-

W-Øm¬, ""hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn®p Zo¿L-ambn {]`m-jWw

\S-Øm≥ Ign-hp≈-h-cp-sSbpw'' ""Aev]w-am{Xw kwkm-cn-

°p-∂-h-cp-sS-bpw'' hnizm-k-Øn¬, hen-b-h-cp-sSbpw sNdn-

b-h-cpsS-bpw hnizm-k-Øn¬, Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an-s√∂v

At±lw ka¿∞n°p∂p. BZy-sØ Iq´¿°v hnizmkw

h¿≤n-∏n°m-t\m c≠m-asØ Iq´¿°v AXp Ipd-bv°mt\m

km[n-°p-I-bn-√.41

Ah-km\am-bn, GI-i-co-chpw GIBflm-hp-amb k`

apgp-h≥ AXn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v, hnizmkw GI-

am-Wv. k` F∂ GI-hn-j-b-Øns‚ Iq´m-bva-bn¬, \ap°v

s]mXp-hmb Hcp ImgvN-∏mSv e`n-°p-∂p. Htc-hnizmkw

{]Jym-]n-®p-sIm-≠v, Htc -in-e-bn¬ \mw ZrV-ambn \ne-

sIm-≈p-∂p, kvt\l-Øns‚ Htc -Zn-hym-flmhn-\m¬ \mw

]cn-h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p, \mw Htc-{]Imiw {]k-cn-

∏n-°p-∂p; bmYm¿∞ysØ kw_-‘n®v \ap°v Htc

Dƒ°m-gvN-bm-Wp-≈-Xv.

48. hnizmkw GI-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠v, AXv AXns‚ apgp-

h≥ ]cn-ip-≤n-bnepw ka{K-X-bnepw {]Jym-]n-°-s∏S-Ww.

hnizm-k-Øns‚ F√m {]am-W-ßfpw IrXy-ambn ]c-

kv]c_‘n-Xßfmb-Xp-sIm-≠v, Ah-bn¬ H∂ns\, AXv

G‰hpw A{]-[m\w F∂ptXm∂p-∂Xmbm¬t]mepw,

\ntj-[n°p∂Xv apgphs\bpw hf-s®m-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\p Xpey-

am-Wv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ mK-amb GsX-¶nepw Hcp {]tXyI

Imcyw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv IqSp-X¬ Ffp-∏tam IqSp-X¬ ITn-

\tam Bbn Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Hmtcm ImeL´-ß-fnepw

ImWs∏´n- p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠v, hnizm-k-Øns‚ \nt£]w

AXns‚ ka-{K-X-bn¬ ssIam-dp∂p F∂pw (cf. 1 Xntam.

6:20) hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]-\-Øns‚ F√m-h-i-ßƒ°pw btYm-



NnXw Du∂¬\¬Ip-∂p-sh∂pw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn¬ Pm{KX

]pe¿tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. hnizm-k-Ønse sFIyw k`bn-se

sFIy-am-Wv. X∑q-ew, hnizm-k-Øn¬\n∂v Fs¥¶n-epw

Ipd-bv°pI F∂p-h-®m¬ AXv B Iq´m-bva-bpsS kXym-

h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂v NneXp Ipd-bv°pI F∂m-Wv. {InkvXp-

hns‚ ico-c-Øn-s‚bpw k`-bn¬ AXp hym]n-∏n°s∏-Sp-

∂-Xn-s‚bpw42 kmZriy-Øn¬, hnizm-ksØ Hcp icoc-

am-bn, hnhn[ Ah-b-h-ßƒ AS-ßp∂ kXy-Øn-s‚ ico-

c-am-bn, k`m-]n-Xm°-∑m¿ hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. hnizm-k-

Øns‚ ka{KX-sb Hcp I\yI F∂\ne-bn-ep≈ k`-

bpsS {]Xn-—mb-tbm-Spw Ah-fpsS aW-hm-f-\mb {InkvXp-

hn-t\mSv Ahƒ-°p≈ kvt\l-]q¿h-amb hniz-kvX-X-

tbmSpw _‘n-∏n-®n- p-≠v. hnizm-k-Øn\v lm\n D≠m-°pI

F∂p-h-®m¬ AXns‚ A¿∞w I¿Øm-hp-am-bp≈ sF-

IyØn-\v lm\nhcp-ØpI F∂mWv.43 C{]-Im-cw, hnizmk-

Øn-s‚ sFIyw Hcp kPoh icoc-Øns‚ sFIy-am-Wv.

hmgvØ-s∏´ tPm¨ sl≥dn- \yqam≥ CXp kv]jvS-ambn

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. kI-e-Xn-s\bpw hnip-≤o-I-cn-°p-

Ibpw Ah-bpsS G‰hpw at\m-l-c-amb Bhnjv-Im-c-Øn-

tebv°v B\-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠v, Hmtcm-∂pw

k∂n-ln-X-am-Ip∂ hnhn[ ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fnepw AXv A`n-

ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ hn`n∂ kwkvIm-c-ß-fnepw44 I≠pap´p∂

F√m-‰n-s\bpw kzmwio-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ign-hns\ Ime-

Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ hnizm-k-k-Xy-Øns‚ ss\c-¥cyw Xncn-

®-dn-bm-\p≈ khn-ti-j-Imcy-ß-fpsS ]´n-I-bn¬ Dƒs∏-

Sp-Øp-tºm-gmWv At±lw CXv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Aß-

s\, kakvX {]]-©-sØbpw apgp-h≥ Ncn-{X-sØbpw

Zo]vX-am-°p∂-Xn\p-th≠n AXns‚ {]Imiw hym]n-°p-

∂Xn\m¬ hnizmkw km¿h-{Xn-I-am-sW-∂v, ImtXm-en-I-

am-sW-∂v, {]I-S-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv.

89

49. hnizm-k-Øns‚ sFIy-Øn\pw AXns‚ ka{K-

amb {]k-c-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ Hcp ip{iqj F∂ \ne-bn¬,

I¿Ømhv Xs‚ k`bv°v A∏-kvtXm-enI ]n≥Xp-S¿®-

bpsS Zm\w \¬In. Cu am¿K-Øn-eq-sS, k`-bpsS kvac-

W-bpsS ss\c-¥cyw Dd-∏m-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hnizmkw {]h-

ln-°p∂ Acp-hn-bpsS Dd-hn-S-Øn-te°v kp\n-›n-X-ambn

FØn-t®-cm≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C{]-Imcw, {]k-

cn-∏n-°p∂-Xn-\p-th≠n k` hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kPoh hnizm-

k-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-ap≈ Hcp coXn-bn¬, Pohn-°p∂

hy‡nI-fmWv, Bcw-`w-ap-X-ep≈ Cu XpS¿®bv°v kp\n-

›n-XXzw \¬Ip-∂-Xv. Cu I¿Ø-hy-Øn\pth≠n I¿Øm-

hv Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ km£n-I-fpsS hniz-kvX-Xsb k`

B{i-bn-°p-∂p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬, k`-bp-sS {]t_m-[-\m-

[n-Imcw hnizmkØns‚ B[m-c-am-bncn-°p-∂, ap≥t]-

bp≈ hN-\-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn kZm kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. k`

{ihn-°p-Ibpw kq£n-°p-Ibpw hymJym\n°pI-bpw sN-

øp∂45 hN-\-Øn-ep≈ AhfpsS icWw tlXp-hmbn

AXv hniz-k-\ob-am-Wv. "At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS {]h¿Ø-

\-ß-fn¬' hnip≤ eq°m \ap°pth≠n hnhcn-°p-∂,

ante-tØm-kn¬h®v Ft^-tkm-knse t{ijvT-∑m-tcmSv

hnip≤ ]utemkv \S-Ønb hnS-hm-ß¬ {]`m-j-W-Øn¬,

""ssZh-Øns‚ lnXw apgp-h≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥'' (At∏m.

20:27) I¿Ømhv Xs∂ `c-ta-ev]n® Npa-Xe Xm≥ \n¿Δ-

ln-®-Xmbn At±lw km£ys∏SpØp∂p. k`-bpsS

{]-t_m[\m[nImcw aptJ\, Cu XncplnXw AXns‚

ka-{KXbn¬ \ap°p e`n-°p-∂p. AXns\ ]q¿Æ-ambn

]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂Xn-ep≈ B\-μhpw AXnt\msSm∏w ssI-

hcp∂p.



A[ymbw \mev

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \KcwXømdm-°p∂p(cf. sl{_m. 11:16)

hnizm-khpw s]mXp-\-∑bpw50. tKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ \oXn-

]q¿hw Pohn® a\pjy-cp-sSbpw Ncn{Xw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

tºmƒ, sl{_m-b¿°p≈ -te-J\w Ah-cpsS hnizmk-

Øns‚ kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp hiw-IqSn FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-

∂p. hnizmkw Hcp bm{X F∂\ne-bn¬ am{X-a√ a\p-

jy-hw-i-Øn\v Hcp-an®p Pohn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp h\w

Hcp-°p∂ \n¿Ωm-W-{]-{Inb F∂ \ne-bnepw Ah-X-cn-

∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. t]S-I-Øn¬ Xs‚ IpSpw-_sØ c£n®

t\ml-bm-bn-cp∂p BZy \n¿Ωm-Xmhv (sl{_m. 11:7).

""Xncp-°p-Spw_w Hcp ]\-hr-£-®p-h-´n¬''; d^m-tb-ens‚ cN\ (1506˛07)

91

XpS¿∂p-h-cp-∂Xv A{_m-l-am-Wv. hnizm-k-tØm-sS, Dd®

ASn-ÿm-\-ap≈ Hcp \K-c-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ {]Xo-£-bn¬

Ah≥ IqSm-c-Øn¬ ]m¿Øp F∂mWv A{_m-l-sØ-°p-

dn®p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv (cf. sl{_m. 11:9˛10). hnizm-k-

tØm-sSm∏w; ssZh-Øn-\p-am{Xw \¬Ip-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp

]pXnb hnizm-ky-X, Hcp ]pXnb ssÿcyw ssIh-cp-∂p.

hnizm-k-Øns‚ a\p-jy≥ hniz-kvX\pw ""BtΩ≥'' Bb-

h-\p-amb ssZh-Øn¬ (cf. Gi. 65:16) klmbw Is≠Øn

kzbw ZrVX ssIh-cn-°p∂p F¶n¬; hnizm-k-ssÿcyw

ssZhw a\p-jy-hwi-Øn-\p-th≠n Hcp-°p∂ h-\-Øns‚

ap{Z-bm-sW∂v \ap°p ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. ssZhw Ah-

cpsS CS-bn¬ D≈-t∏mƒ, a\p-jy¿ XΩn-ep≈ _‘w

F{X-am{Xw ZrV-am-bn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v hnizmkw shfn-

hm-°p∂p. hniz-kn-°p∂ hy‡n-bv°v, Dd-∏p≈ t_m[yw,

B¥-cn-I-amb ZrV-X- am-{X-a√ hnizmkw \¬Ip-∂Xv;

F√m am\p-jnI _‘-ß-fp-sS-taepw AXp shfn®w hoip-

∂p, Fs¥-∂m¬, AXv kvt\l-Øn¬\n∂pw D≠m-bXpw

ssZh-Øns‚Xs∂ kvt\lsØ {]Xn- en-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-am-

Wv. hniz-kvX-\mb ssZhw \ap°v hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°m-hp∂

Hcp \Kcw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.

51. hnizm-k-sh-fn®w kvt\l-tØmSv _‘n-X-am-bXp-

sIm≠pXs∂ (cf. Kem. 5:6) AXv \oXn-bp-sSbpw \nb-a-

Øn-s‚bpw kam-[m-\-Øn-s‚bpw ip{iqj-bn¬ kaq¿-Ø-

ambn {]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚

A¿∞hpw \∑bpw hy‡-am-°s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Øns‚

auen-I-kvt\-l-hp-am-bp≈ I≠p-ap -´en¬\n-∂mWv

hnizmkw P\n-°p-I. B kvt\lw Xpd-∂p-X-cp∂ Xe-

Øn-te°v AXv {]th-in-°p∂Xn\-\p-k-cn®v, a‰p-hm-°p-

I-fn¬ ]d-™m¬, kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te°p \bn-

°p∂ Hcp ]mXbpw k{º-Zm-bhpw Bbn-Øo-cp∂nS-tØm-

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p


fw, \ΩpsS PohnXw Zo]vX-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. hnizmk-Øns‚

shfn®w am\p-jnI_‘-ß-fpsS kº-∂-X-sb h¿≤-am-

\-am-°p∂p; \ne-\n¬°m\pw hniz-kvX-X ]pe¿-Øphm-\pw

Pohn-XsØ H∂n®p kºp-jvS-am-°phm-\p-ap≈ Ah-bpsS

Ign-hn-s\, h¿≤n-∏n-°m\pw hnizm-k-shfn®-Øn\p {]m]vXn-

bp-≠v. hnizmkw \sΩ temI-Øn¬ \n∂-I-‰p-Itbm

\ΩpsS ImesØ a-\pjycpsS kaq¿Ø-amb Bi-¶-Isf

kw_-‘n-®n-StØm-fw A{]-k-‡-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°-s∏-

Sp-Itbm sNøp-∂n-√. hniz-k-\o-b-amb Hcp kvt\l-an-s√-

¶n¬, kv{Xo-]pcp-j-∑msc bYm¿∞Øn¬ tbmPn-∏n®p

\n¿Øm≥ H∂n\pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√. am\p-jnI sFIyw hn`m-

h\ sNø-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv {]tbm-P-\-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm\-Øn¬ am{X-am-bncn°pw; hncp-≤-Xm-ev]-cy-ß-fpsS

Hcp IW°p-Iq- ent∑tem b-Øn-t∑tem am{Xw, H∂n®p

Pohn-°p-∂-Xns‚ \∑-bn-tem, a‰p-≈-h-cpsS tIhe km∂n-

≤y-Øn\v \¬Im≥ Ign-bp∂ kt¥m-j-sØ ASn-ÿm-\-

am-°ntbm A√. am\p-jn-I-_-‘-ß-fpsS inev]-hn-Zysb

hne-a-Xn-°m≥ hnizmkw \ap-°n-S-bm-°p∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬,

AXv ssZh-Øn¬, Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-Øn¬, Ah-bpsS

BXy¥n-I-amb ASn-ÿm\-hpw kp\n-›n-X-amb `mK-t[-

bhpw Is≠Øp-Ibpw Aßs\ B \n¿Ωm-W-I-e-bn¬

shfn-®w-ho-ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A{]-Imcw AXv s]mXp-

\-∑-bv°p≈ Hcp ip{iq-j-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. hnizmkw

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ F√m-h¿°p-ap≈ Hcp \∑-bm-Wv, Hcp

s]mXp-\-∑. AXn-s‚ shfn®w k`-bpsS AI-Ø-fsØ

{]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-Itbm hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ tem-I-Øn¬ Hcp

\nXy-\-Kcw ]Wn-bm≥ D]-I-cn-°p-Itbm am{X-a√ sNøp-

∂Xv; {]Xym-i-bpsS Hcp `mhn-bn-te°v bm{X sNøm≥

\ΩpsS kaq-l-ßƒ°v km[n-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ Ahsb

]Sp-Øpb¿-Øm≥ AXp \sΩ klm-bn-°p∂p. sl-{_m-

93

b¿-°p≈ teJ\w C°m-cy-Øn¬ Hcp amXrI \¬Ip∂p-

≠v. AXv hnizm-k-nIfmb a\pjycp-sS CS-bn¬ ""\oXn

\S-∏m-°m≥'' (sl{_m. 11:33) hnizmkw {]m]vX-cm-°nb

kmap-h-en-s‚bpw Zmho-Zn-s‚bpw t]cp-Iƒ \¬Iptºm-fm-

Wv C{]-Imcw sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu ]Z-{]tbm-Kw `c-W-\n¿Δ-

l-W-Ønse Ah-cpsS \oXn-\n-jvTsb-bpw P\-ßƒ°v

kam-[m\w ssIh-cp-Øp∂ ⁄m\-sØ-bpw ]cm-a¿in-

°p∂p (cf. 1 kmap. 12:3˛5; 2 kmap. 8:15). _‘-ß-fn¬

A[n-jvTn-Xhpw ssZh-kvt\lw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n ÿm]n-

°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp \Kcw kvt\l-]q¿hw \n¿Ωn-°m≥

Ah¿ ]pd-s∏-Sp-tºmƒX-s∂, hnizm-k-Øns‚ Ic-ßƒ

kz¿§-Øn-te°v Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p.

hnizm-khpw IpSpw-_hpw52. `mhn-\-K-c-Øn-te-°p≈ A{_m-l-Øns‚ {]bmW-

Øn¬, ]nXm-°-∑m-cn¬\n∂v ]p{X-∑m-cn-te°v ssIamd-s∏´

A\p-{K-l-sØ-°p-dn®v sl{_m-b¿°p≈ teJ\w

kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v (cf. sl{_m. 11:20˛21). IpSpw-_-Øns‚

]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv hnizmkw BZy-ambn a\p-jy-\Kc-

sØ {]Im-in-∏n-°p∂Xv. hnhm-l-Øn-ep≈ ]pcp-js‚-bpw

kv{Xo-bp-sSbpw kpÿn-c-_-‘-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv Rm≥

{]Ya-hpw {][m-\-hp-ambn Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu _‘w, ssZ-

h-Øns‚ kz¥w kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw ssewKn-I-hy-Xymk-

Øns‚ \∑-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-Øns‚-bpw kzoIm-c-Øn-

s‚bpw Hc-S-bm-fhpw km∂n-≤yhpw F∂-\ne-bn¬, Ah-

cpsS kvt\l-Øn¬\n∂p P\n-°p∂p. X∑qew Zº-Xn-Iƒ

GI-i-co-c-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p (cf. D¬]. 2:24). {kjvSm-hns‚

\∑-bpsSbpw ⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw kvt\l-]-≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw

km£m-XvIm-c-amb Hcp ]pXnb Poh\v P∑w-\¬Im≥

Ah¿ {]m]vX-cm-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu kvt\l-



Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn, Xßfp-sS Pohn-X-ß-fn¬ apgp-

h≥ hym]n-°p∂-Xpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]e khn-ti-j-X-

Ifpw {]Xn-ên-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kqN-\-bm-bn, A-

t\ym\yw ]c-kv]c-kvt\lw hmKvZm\w sNøm≥ Hcp ]pcp-

j\pw Hcp kv{Xo-bv°pw Ign-bp-∂p. \ΩpsS Bi-b-ß-

sf-°mfpw DZyaß-sf-°mfpw henb Hcp ]≤-Xn-sb-°p-dn-

®v, \sΩ \ne-\n¿-Øp-∂Xpw \mw kvt\ln°p∂ Hcmƒ°p-

th≠n \ΩpsS `mhn ]q¿Æ-ambn ka¿∏n-°m≥ \sΩ

{]m]vX-cm-°p∂-Xp-amb Hcp ]≤-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®v, \mw {Kln-

°p-tºmƒ, imiz-X-kvt\lw hmKvZm\w sNøm≥ \ap°p

km[n-°pw. Hcp ]pXnb hy‡n-bpsS clkyw \sΩ `c-

ta-ev]n-°p∂ {kjvSm-hns‚ kvt\l-Øns‚ Hc-Sbm-fw

F∂ \ne-bn¬, k¥m-t\m-ev]m-Z-\sØ AXns‚ apgp-h≥

Bg-Ønepw kº-∂-X-bnepw a\- n-em-°m\pw hnizmkw

\sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øn\v Xs‚ hmKvZm-\-tØm-

Sp≈ hniz-kvX-X-bn¬ ic-W-s∏-´-Xp-sIm≠v, hnizm-kw-

aqew, kmdm, Hc-Ω-bmbnØo¿∂p (cf. sl{_m. 11:11).

53. IpSpw-_-Øn¬, ssiihw apX¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂,

Pohn-X-Øns‚ F√m {]mb-t`Z-ß-sfbpw hnizm-k-w A\p-

K-an-°p-∂p: Ipń-Iƒ Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑mcp-sS

kvt\l-Øn¬ ic-W-s∏-Sm≥ A`y-kn-°p-∂p. CXp-sIm-

≠mWv Xß-fpsS IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-h-bv°-s∏-Sp∂

hnizm-k{]I-S-\-ßsf amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-

°pI F∂Xv hfsc {][m-\-s∏´XmIp-∂-Xv. kz¥w hnizm-

k-Øn¬ {ItaW hf¿® {]m]n-°m≥ CXv Ipń-Iƒ°v

klm-b-I-am-Ipw. hnizm-ksØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw

F{Xtbm kº-∂hpw {][m-\hp-amb, AtX-k-abw k¶o¿-

Æ-X-Iƒ \nd™ Hcp Ime-b-f-hn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂

bph-P-\-ßƒ-°v Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-ß-fp-sSbpw k`-bp-

sSbpw \nc¥-c-amb kmao]y-hpw ]n≥Xp-Wbpw Cu hnizm-

95

k-bm-{X-bn¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. temI-bp-h-P-\-Zn-\-

ß-fn¬, Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn¬ bph-P-\-ßƒ {]I-S-

am-°p∂ kt¥m-jhpw IqSp-X¬ ZrVhpw DZm-c-hp-amb

Hcp hnizm-k-Po-hn-XØn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Ah-cpsS A`n-em-

jhpw \Ω-sf√mw I≠n-´p≈Xm-Wv. PohnXw AXns‚

]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ \bn-°m≥ bph-P-\-ßƒ B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

{InkvXp-hns\ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv, Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-

hebØn¬ Bbn-cn°m\pw \bn-°-s∏-Sm\pw Xß-sf-

Øs∂ A\ph-Zn-°p-∂-Xv, AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ N{I-hmf-sØ

hnI-kn∏n-°p-Ibpw AXn\v \ncm-i-s∏-Sp-Øm-Ø, Dd® Hcp

{]Xymi {]Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hnizmkw Zp¿-

_-e-lr-Z-b¿°p≈ A`-b-ÿm-\-a-√, {]XypX \ΩpsS

Pohn-X-ßsf sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ H∂m-Wv. AXv at\m-lc-

amb Hcp hnfnsb-°p-dn®v, kvt\l-Øns‚ ssZh-hn-fnsb-

°p-dn-®v, \sΩ t_m[yap-≈h-cm-°p-∂p. Cu kvt\lw

hniz-k\o-bhpw Bt«jn-°m-hp∂-Xp-am-sW∂v AXv \ap-

°v Dd-∏p-\¬Ip-∂p. Imc-Ww, AXp \ΩpsS F√m Zu¿_-

ey-ßsf-°mfpw i‡-amb ssZh-Øns‚ hnizkv-XX-bn¬

A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv.

kaq-l-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂Xn-\p≈ Hcp shfn®w54. IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \na-·hpw Bg-s∏-Sp -∂-Xp-amb

hnizmkw kaq-l-Ønse \ΩpsS F√m _‘-ß-sfbpw

Zo]vX-am-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp shfn-®-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. ]nXm-

hmb ssZh-Øns‚ Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ Hcp A\p`hw F∂

\ne-bn¬ AXv \sΩ kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ ]mX-bn¬ {]Xn-

jvTn-°p-∂p. ka-Xz-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp km¿h-{XnI

kmtlm-Zcyw sI´n-∏-Sp-°m≥ B[p\n-IX {ian-°p-I-bp-

≠m-bn. F∂m¬ AXns‚ BXy-¥nI ASn-ÿm\w F∂

\ne-bn¬ s]mXp-hmb Hcp ]nXm-hn-t\mSp _‘-an-√mØ



Cu kmtlm-Z-cy-Øn\v, \ne-\n¬-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√ F∂v

\mw {ItaW a\- n-em-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip-I-bmWv sNbvX-

Xv. kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ bYm¿-∞ ASn-ÿ-m\-Øn-te°v

\mw aS-tß-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kwL¿jw C√m-sX-b-s√-¶n¬-

Iq-Sn, hnizm-k-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw XpS-°w-ap-X¬Xs∂ km-

tlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ Hcp Ncn-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚- tZiØp-\n-

∂p ]pd-s∏-´p-h-cm≥ ssZhw A{_m-lsØ hnfn-°p-Ibpw

Ahsc Hcp alm-P-\-X-bm-°p-sa-∂v, ssZhm-\p-{Klw \ne-

\n¬°p∂ Hcp henb P\-hn-`m-K-am-°p-sa-∂v, At±-l-

tØmSp hmKvZm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp∂p (cf. D¬]. 12:1˛3).

c£m-I-c-Ncn-{Xw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-tºmƒ, B GI- A-\p-{K-

l-Øn¬ ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m¿ F∂-\n-e-bn¬ F√m-

h-scbpw ]¶p-Im-cm-°m≥ ssZhw B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh∂v

hy‡am-Ip-I-bm-Wv. F√m-hcpw H∂m-Im≥th≠n B A\p-

{Klw tbip-hn¬ AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ FØp-∂p.

\ΩpsS ]nXm-hns‚ koam-Xo-X-amb kvt\lw tbiphn¬,

\ΩpsS ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cn-eqsS \Ωn-te°p IS∂p-

h-cp-∂p. Hmtcm ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw F\n-°pXs∂bp≈

Hcp A\p-{K-lsØ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂p F∂p ImWm≥,

Fs‚ ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS apJ-ßfn-eqsS ssZh-

Xn-cp-ap-J-Øns‚ {]Imiw F∂n¬ D÷zen-°p-∂p F∂p

ImWm≥, hnizmkw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p.

a\pjycpsS \K-c-Ønte°v Ah-cpsS s]mXp-Po-hn-X-

Øn-\p-th≠n F¥p-am{Xw {]tbm-P-\-ß-fmWv ss{Ikv-Xh

hnizm-k-Øns‚ ISm£w sIm≠p-h-∂n- p-≈Xv! hnizmkw

tlXp-hm-bn, Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw AXpey-amb al-

Øzw \mw {Kln-°m-\n-S-bm-bn. ap≥]v CXv kv]-jvS-ambn

ImWm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂n-√. c≠mw\q‰m-≠n¬, hnPm-Xo-b-

\mb sN¬kq-kv, Xm≥ t`mj-Ø-sa∂pw anYym-[m-c-W-

97

sb∂pw Icp-Xnb Hcm-ib-Øns‚ t]cn¬ ss{IkvX-hsc

A[n-t£-]n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn: kakvX {]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw

aIp-S-ambn a\p-jy-hy-‡nI-sf {]Xn-jvTn-®p-sIm-≠v, ssZhw

temIsØ a\p-jy-\p-th≠n krjvSn®p F∂ Bi-b-am-

Wn-Xv. ""{Iqccmb h\y-ar-K-ßƒ°p-th≠nsb∂-Xn-t\-

°mƒ a\pjys‚ {]tbm-P-\-Øn-\p-th≠n (]p√v) hf-cp∂p

F∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂-Xv F¥n-\mWv?''46 ""BIm-i-Øns‚

D∂-X-ß-fn¬-\n∂v \mw `qan-bn-te°p t\m°p∂-]£w,

\ΩpsS {]h¿Ø\-ßfpw Ddp-ºp-I-fp-sSbpw tX\o-®-I-fp-

sSbpw {]h¿Ø\-ßfpw XΩn¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Fs¥-

¶nepw hyXymkw D≠m-bn-cn-°ptam?'' 47 ssZh-Øns‚

kvt\lhpw Hmtcm hy‡n-sb-bpw-Ip-dn-®p≈ Ahn-SpsØ

Xmev]-cyhpw a\p-jy-h¿Kw apgp-h-s\bpw ka-kvX-kr-jvSn-

I-sfbpw kamt«-jn-°p-∂Xpw tbip{InkvXp-hns‚ a\p-

jym-h-Xm-c-Ønepw ac-W-Øn-epw D∞m-\-Ønepw ]mc-ay-

ØnseØp∂-Xp-amb Ahn-SpsØ c£m-]-≤-Xn-bp-amWv

ss__n-fnse hnizm-k-Øns‚ tI{μ-`m-KØp≈-Xv. Cu

bmYm¿∞y-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Dƒ°m-gvN-bn-s√-¶n¬, a\pjy-

Po-hnX-sØ hne-s∏-´Xpw \nkvXp-e-hp-am-°p-∂Xv F¥m-

sW∂p hnthNn-®-dn-bm≥ Hcp am\-Z-fi-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-

I-bn-√. Xs‚ icn-bmb [m¿ΩnI DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Dt]-

£n-®p-sIm-≠v, AYhm X\n°p Np‰p-ap≈ temIsØ

Iui-e-]q¿hw ssIImcyw sNøm≥ A]-cn-an-X-amb A[n-

Imcw \¬I-s∏- n- p≈ tkz—m-[n-]-Xn-bmb Hcp-Xcw hn[n-

I¿Øm-hmWv Xms\∂v k¶-ev]n-®p-sIm-≠v, a\p-jy≥ {]]-

©-Ønse Xs‚ ÿm\w \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p; {]Ir-Xn-bn¬

e£y-t_m-[-an-√msX Ah≥ Aebp∂p.

55. adp-h-i-Øv, hnizm-kw, {kjvSm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚

kvt\lw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-h-gn, {]Ir-Xnsb IqSp-X¬



IqSp-X-embn BZ-cn-°m\pw AXn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Xr°cw

Fgp-Xp∂ Hcp hymI-c-Whpw \ΩpsS kwc£-W-Øn\pw

ip{iq-j-bv°pw-th≠n Gev]n-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ Hcp hmk-ÿ-

ehpw Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw \sΩ {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂p. tIhew

{]tbm-P-\hpw em`hpw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°msX krjvSn-Isf

\ap-s°-√m-h¿°pw IS-∏m-Sp≈ Hcp Zm\-ambn ]cn-KWn-

°p∂ hnI-k-\-am-Xr-I-Iƒ Is≠-Øm\pw hnizmkw

\sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. A[n-Imcw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p

hcp-∂p-sh∂pw AXns‚ e£yw s]mXp-\-∑bpsS ip{iqj-

bm-sW-∂p-ap≈ Xncn-®-dn-hn¬, `c-W-\n¿Δ-l-W-Øns‚

\oXn-]q¿h-I-amb cq]-ßƒ krjvSn-°m≥ AXp \sΩ ]Tn-

∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ hnizmkw ]e-t∏mgpw ka-

ssa°-em-©-tem-bpsS ""]ntbØm'', (1498˛99; sk‚ v ]ot‰gvkv _kn-en-°m)

99

bhpw A≤zm-\hpw £abpw {]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw Bh-iy-am-

b £an-°phm-\p≈ km[yX {]Zm\w sNøp∂p. \∑

Ft∏mgpw Xn∑-tb-°mƒ ap≥t]-bp-≈Xpw AXn-t\-°mƒ

i‡-hp-am-sW∂pw, ssZhw \ΩpsS PohnX-sØ ZrV-am-

°p∂ hN\w \ΩpsS F√m \ntj-[-ßsf-°mfpw AKm-

[-am-sW∂pw \mw Is≠-Øn-°-gnbp-tºmƒ £a km[y-

am-Ip-∂p. XnI®pw \c-hw-i-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Hcp \ne-]m-

Sn¬ t\m°p-tºmƒ, sFIyw kwL¿j-tØ-°mƒ t{ijvT-

am-Wv. kwL¿jw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ, sFIy-Øn-

te-°p≈ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS Hcp-`mKw F∂ \ne-bn¬

AXns\ Hcp irwJ-e-bnse Hcp IÆn-bm-°p∂-Xn\p-th-

≠n; AXp ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ Hcp {ia-Øn¬ \mw AXns\

A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnt°≠Xpw AXn-\-∏p-d-tØ°v apt∂td-

≠Xpw Bh-iy-am-Ip-∂p.

hnizmkw Zp¿_-e-am-Ip-tºmƒ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS ASn-

ÿm-\-ßfpw Zp¿_-e-am-Im-\p≈ A]-I-S-km-≤yX-bp≠v.

Ihn Sn.F-kv. Fen-b‰v ap∂-dn -bn∏p \¬In-b-Xp -

t]msebmWnXv: ""sNmt√≠Xpt≠m \nß-tfm-Sm -an-Xamw

t\´-ßƒt]mepw/]cn-jvIr-X-k-aq-l-Øn≥ coXn-bn¬

\nßƒ°p hoºn-f-°m≥ Ign-bpw-t]mse/AXn-Po-hn-°n√

hnizm-k-sØ-sb∂pw kz¥w {]m[m-\y-Øn-\h hnizm-k-

tØmSp IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw?''48 \ΩpsS \K-c-ß-

fn¬\n∂v \mw ssZh-hn-izmkw \o°n°fbpI-bm-sW-¶n¬

]c-kv]-c-hn-izmkw Zp¿_-e-am-Ipw. At∏mƒ bw-sIm-≠p-

am{Xw \mw H∂n-®p-\n¬°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS ÿncX `oj-

Wn°p hnt[-b-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. sl{_m-b¿°p≈

teJ-\-Øn¬ \mw Cßs\ hmbn-°p∂p: ""Ah-cpsS

ssZhw F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ ssZhw e÷n-°p-∂n-

√. Ah¿°mbn Ahn-Sp∂v Hcp \Kcw Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-

≠s√m'' (sl{_m. 11:16). ChnsS ""e÷n-°p-∂n√'' F∂



]Z-{]-tbmKw ]c-ky-amb AwKo-Im-c-tØmSp _‘-s∏-´n-

cn°p∂p. Xm≥ \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ k∂n-ln-X-\m-sW∂pw

F√m a\p-jy-_-‘-ß-sfbpw ZrV-am-°m≥ Ahn-Sp∂v

B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh∂pw D≈ Hcp ]c-ky-{]-Jym-]-\w, Xs‚

kaq¿Ø-{]-h¿Ø\-ßfn-eq-sS, ssZhw \S-Øp-I-bm-Wv

F∂p ]d-bp-I-bmWv CXns‚ Dt±-iyw. AXn-\p- ]-I-cw,

ssZhsØ \ΩpsS ssZh-sa∂p hnfn-°m≥ e÷n°p∂Xv

\Ω-fm-bn-cn°p-tam? \ΩpsS s]m-XpPo-hn-X-Øn¬ B coXn-

bn¬ AhnSp-sØ G‰p-]-d-bp-∂-Xn¬, Ahn-Sp∂v km≤y-

am-°p∂ s]mXp-hm-bp≈ Pohn-X-Øns‚ alØzw apt∂m-

´p-hbv-°p-∂-Xn¬, ]cm-P-b-s∏-´Xv \Ω-fmtWm? hnizm-kw

PohnX-sØbpw kaq-l-sØbpw Zo]vX-am-°p-∂p. Ncn{X-

Ønse Hmtcm ]pXnb \nan-j-Øn-\p-ap≈ k¿Km-fl-Iam-

b Hcp {]Imiw AXns‚ ssIh-i-ap-s≠-¶n¬, AXns‚

ImcWw Hmtcm kw`-h-sØbpw, F√m Imcy-ß-fp-sSbpw

]nXm-hn-ep≈ Bcw-`-tØmSpw `mK-t[-b-tØm-Spw _‘-

s∏-SpØn AXp {]Xn-jvTn-°p∂p F∂p-≈XmWv.

kl-\-Øn¬ Bizm-khpw i‡nbpw56. Xs‚ t¢i-ß-sfbpw Zpcn-X-ß-sfbpwIpdn®v tImdn-

t¥m-knse ss{IkvX-h¿°v Fgp-Xn-s°m-≠v, hnip≤

]utemkv At±-l-Øns‚ hnizm-ksØ Xs‚ kphnti-

j-{]-tLm-j-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ""Rm≥ hniz-

kn®p; AXn-\m¬ Rm≥ kwkm-cn®p'' (2 tImdn. 4:13) F∂

hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-`mKw X∂n¬Øs∂ ]q¿Øo-I-cn°-s∏-´-

Xmbn At±lw ImWp-∂p. 116˛mw k¶o¿Ø-\-Øn-se Hcp

hmIyamWv ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn¬ k¶o¿-

Ø-I≥ Cßs\ DZvtLm-jn-°p∂p: ""Rm≥ sImSnbZpcn-

X-Øn-e-I-s∏´p F∂p ]d-™t∏m-gpw Rms\s‚ hnizm-

kw ImØp-kq-£n®p'' (hmIyw 10). hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn®v

101

kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]et∏m-gpw thZ-\m-]q¿Æ-amb ]co-

£-W-sØ-∏-‰n- ]d-tb≠n ht∂-°mw. F∂mepw IrXy-

ambn AØ-c-w ]co-£-W-Øn-emWv, hnip≤ ]utemkv

G‰-hp-a-[nIw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kphn-tij{]tLm-

jWw Z¿in°p-I. Fs¥-∂m¬, Zu¿_-ey-Ønepw t¢i-

Øn-ep-amWv \ΩpsS Zu¿_-ey-Øn-s‚bpw t¢i-Øn-s‚bpw-

ta¬ hnPbw hcn-°p∂ ssZh-Øn-s‚ i‡n \mw Is≠-

Øp-I. ss{IkvX-h¿°v Poh-\m-bn- hn-°p∂ Hcp acWw

At∏m-kvX-e≥Xs∂ A\p- -hn-°p-I-bp≠m-bn (cf. 2 tImdn.

4:7˛12). ]co-£-W-thf-bn¬ hnizmkw {]Imiw sIm≠p-

h-cp∂p. AtX-k-abw t¢ihpw Zu¿_-eyhpw ""Rßƒ

DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂Xv Rß-sf-°pdn-®-√, {]Xyp-X, tbip-{In-

kvXp-hns\ I¿Øm-hm-bmWv'' (2 tImdn. 4:5) F∂v hy‡-

am-°p-∂p-≠v. sl{_m-b¿°p≈ teJ-\-Ønse ]Xn-s\m-

∂m-a-≤ymbw D]-kw-l-cn-°p-∂Xv Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn-

\p-th≠n kl\-a-\p-`hn®-h-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp ]cm-a¿i-

tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv (cf. sl{_m. 11:35˛38). Ch-cn¬ {]ap-

J≥ {InkvXp-hn-\p-th≠n \nμ\w kln® tamibm-bn-cp∂p

(cf. hmIyw 26). kl\w Hgn-hm-°m\mhn-s√∂v ss{IkvX-

h¿°-dn-bmw, F∂m¬ AXn\v A¿∞-ap-≠m-Im-\pw,

kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw \sΩ ssIsh-SnbmØ ssZh-Øns‚

Xr°-c-ß-fn¬ kzbw `c-ta-ev]n-°-en-s‚-bpw Hcp {]hr-

Øn-bm-bn-Øo-cm≥ AXn\p km[n-°pw. Cu coXn-bn¬

kl-\-Øn\v hnizm-k-Ønepw kvt\l-Øn-ep-ap≈ hf¿®-

bpsS Hcp \nanj-ambn amdphm≥ Ign-bp-w. Ipcn-inse Xs‚

thZ-\-bpsS ]mc-ay-Øn¬t]mepw ]nXm-hp-am-bp≈ {In-

kvXphns‚ sFIy-sØ-°p-dn®p (cf. a¿t°m. 15:34) [ym\n-

®p-sIm≠v, tbip-hns‚ AtX at\m-`m-h-Øn¬ ]¶p-

tN-cm≥ ss{IkvX-h¿ A`y-kn-°p-∂p. ac-Ww-t]mepw

{]Im-in-X-am-Ip-Ibpw hnizm-k-Øn-te-°p≈ A¥na



Blzm-\-am-bn, ""\ns‚ tZisØ hn´p-t]m-hpI'' (D¬].

12:1) F∂ A¥n-a- hnfnbmbn, ]nXmhv Acpfn-s®-øp∂

""hcnI'' F∂ A¥na £W-am-bn, AXn\v A\p-`-h-s∏-

Sm≥ Ign-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. \ΩpsS A¥naamb IS-∂p-

t]m-I-en¬t]mepw ]nXmhv \sΩ ZrV-Nn-Ø-cmbn \ne-

\n¿Øp-sa∂ Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn \mw \sΩ-

Øs∂ Ahn-Sp-tØ°v `c-ta¬]n°p∂p.

57. hnizm-k-sh-fn®w Cu temI-Øns‚ kl-\-ßsf

ad-°m≥ \ap°v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂n-√. F{Xtbm hnizm-k-

Øns‚ a\pjycmWv, kln-°p-∂-h-cn¬ {]Im-i-Øns‚

a≤y-ÿsc Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv! A o-knbn-se hnip≤

{^m≥ko-kn-s\bpw IpjvT-tcm-Kn-sbbpw kw_-‘n-®v,

AYhm sIm¬°-Ø-bnse hmgvØ-s∏´ aZ¿ sXtc-k-

sbbpw Ah-cpsS Zcn-{Z-scbpw kw_-‘n®v, AXv hmkvX-

h-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ clkyw Ah¿

a\- n-em-°n. thZ-\n-°p-∂-h-cpsS ASp-Øp-sN-∂p-sIm≠v

Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah¿°v Ah-cpsS thZ\ apgp-h≥ Hgn-hm-

°mt\m F√m Xn∑-Iƒ°pw hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬Imt\m

Ign-™n-√. hnizmkw \ΩpsS Ccp- p-ap-gp-h≥ \o°p∂ Hcp

shfn-®-a-√, {]XypX cm{Xn-bn¬ \ΩpsS Nph-Sp-Iƒ°v hgn-

Im-´p-∂Xpw bm{Xbv°v aXn-bm-b-Xp-amb Hcp Zo]-am-Wv.

thZ-\n-°p∂h¿°v ssZhw F√mw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ \ymb-

hm-Z-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂n-√; adn®v Ahn-SpsØ {]Xyp-Ø-cw,

Ah-cpsS IqsS-bp≈ Hcp km∂n-≤y-Ønt‚XmWv. AXv

F√m kl-\Ncn-{Xßsfbpw kv]¿-in-°p-∂Xpw Hcp {]Im-

i-IncWw Xpd-°p-∂-Xp-amb \∑-bpsS Hcp Ncn-{X-am-Wv.

{InkvXp-hn¬, ssZhw Xs∂ \tΩmsSmØv Cu ]mX-bn¬

]¶p-tN-cm\pw AXn-\p≈n-se {]Imiw \mw Z¿in-°m≥-

th≠n Xs‚ ISm£w \ap°p \¬Im\pw B{K-ln-°p-

∂p. ]oU-\-ßƒ kln-®n-´p≈-h-\mb {InkvXp, ""\ΩpsS

103

hnizm-k-Øns‚ \mY\pw AXns\ ]q¿Æ-X-bn-se-Øn-°p-

∂-h\pw'' (sl{_m. 12:2) BWv.

s]mXp-\-∑-bv°p≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ ip{iqj F√m-

bvt]m-gpw {]Xym-i-bp-tS-Xm-sW∂v kl\w \sΩ A\p-

kvacn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p -am-{X-am-Wv, D∞n-X-\mb

tbip-hn¬\n∂phcp∂ `mhn-bn¬\n∂p am{X-amWv,

\ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn\v ZrVhpw imiz-X-hp-amb ASn-ÿm-

\-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpI F∂ Adn-hn¬ Ft∏m-gpw

ap∂n-te°p t\m°p∂ Hcp {]Xym-i-bm-W-Xv. Cu A¿∞-

Øn¬ hnizmkw {]Xym-i-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´ncn-°p-∂p.

Fs¥-∂m¬, ChnsS `qan-bnep≈ \ΩpsS hkXn \in-

°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬t]m-epw. {InkvXp-hn¬ Ahn-Sp-sØ ico-

c-Øn¬, ssZhw Xøm-dm°n Ign-™n-cn-°p∂ Hcp imiz-

X-h-kXn \ap-°p≠v (cf. 2 tImdn. 4:16˛5:5). Aßs\ hnizm-

k-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xym-i-bp-sSbpw kvt\-l-Øn-s‚bpw Ne-

\m-fl-IX (cf. 1 sXk. 1:3; 1 tImdn. 13:13) ""ssZhw kwhn-

[m\w sNbvXXpw \n¿Ωn-®-Xp-amb'' (sl{_m. 11:10) \K-

c-Øn-te-°p≈ \ΩpsS bm{X-bnse F√m a\pjycpsSbpw

Xmev]-cy-ßsf Bt«-jn-°p-∂-Xn-te°v \sΩ \bn-°p-

∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, ""{]Xymi \sΩ \ncm-i-cm-°p-∂n√''

(tdmam. 5:5).

hnizm-k-tØmSpw kvt\l-tØmSpw tbmPn-®p-sIm-≠v

Cu temI-Øns‚ hn{K-l-ß-fpsS hymtamln-∏n-°p∂

hiy-X-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw hyXy-kvX-sa-¶nepw

\ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn-\-Po-hn-X-ßƒ°v ]pXnb Du¿÷hpw

IcpØpw ]I-cp∂ Hcp N{I-hm-f-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-

ep≈ kp\n-›n-X-amb Hcp `mhn-bn-te°v {]Xym-i \sΩ

Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. \ΩpsS {]Xymi A]l-cn-°-s∏-

Sp-∂Xn\v \ap°\phZn-°m-Xn-cn°mw; AYhm ImesØ

""inYn-eo-I-cn®v'' ÿe]cn-an-Xn-bn-te-bv°-Xns\ am‰n-s°m-



≠v, \ΩpsS ]ptcm-K-Xnsb XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp∂ D]-cn-πh-

amb DØ-c-ß-fpw ]cn-lm-c-ßfpw \ΩpsS {]Xym-ibv°v

aß-te-ev]n-°p-∂Xv \ap°v A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°mw. Imew

Ft∏mgpw ÿe-tØ-°mƒ hnim-eamWv. ÿew ]cn-Wm-

a-{I-a-ßsf ITn\-am-°p∂p. AtX-k-abw Ime-am-Is´

`mhn-bn-te°v apt∂dp-Ibpw {]Xym-im-]q¿hw apt∂-dm≥

\sΩ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

hniz-kn-®-hƒ `mKy-hXn (cf. eq°m 1:45)

58. hnX-°m-cs‚ D]-a-bn¬, ""\√ \nesØ''°pdn-®p≈

I¿Øm-hns‚ hm°p-Iƒ hnip≤ eq°m \ap-°p-th≠n

tcJ-s∏Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p: ""\√ \neØp hoW-tXm, hN\w-

tI´v, DXvIr-jvShpw \n¿Ω-e-hp-amb lrZ-b-Øn¬ AXv

kw{K-ln-®v, £a-tbmsS ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-h-cmWv''

(eq°m. 8:15). eq°m-bpsS kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-

e-Øn¬, hN-\w-tI v AXp kw{K-ln-°p-∂, DXvIr-jvShpw

\n¿Ω-e-hp-amb lrZ-bsØ°pdn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw I\y-Im-

a-dn-b-Øns‚ hnizm-k-sØ-°pdn®p≈, A¥¿eo-\-amb

Hcp Nn{Xo-I-c-W-am-Wv. adn-b-Øns‚ kvac-W-sb-°p-dn-®v,

Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ hN\w ^e-aWn-bm≥th≠n, Xm≥

tI´Xpw I≠Xpw F{]-Imcw Ahƒ Xs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬

\n[n-t]mse kw{K-ln®p-h®p F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®v, kphn-

ti-j-I≥Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. I¿Øm-hns‚ AΩ hnizm-

k-]q¿ÆXbpsS {]Xn-cq]-am-Wv. hnip≤ Fen-k-_Øv

]d-bp∂p: ""hniz-kn-®-hƒ `mKy-hXn'' (eq°m 1:45).

kotbm≥]p{Xn-bmb adn-b-Øn¬ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse

Zo¿L-amb hnizm-k-N-cn{Xw \nd-th-dp-∂p. kmdm-bn¬-\n∂v

Bcw- n-°p∂ F{Xtbm hnizkvX kv{XoI-fpsS hnh-cWw

]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-ep-≠v: ]q¿h]n-Xm-°-∑m-tcmSp-tN¿∂v, Cu

kv{XoI-fnepw ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZm\w \nd-th-d-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

105

]pXnb PohnXw ]pjv]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ime-Øns‚

]q¿Æ-X-bn¬, ssZh-h-N\w adnb-tØmSv Adn-bn-°-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw Ahƒ B hN-\sØ Xs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬, Xs‚

apgph≥ kØ-bn¬, kzoI-cn-°pI-bpw sNbvXp. Aßs\

Ah-fpsS DZ-c-Øn¬ B hN\w amwkw [cn°p-Ibpw a\p-

jy-h¿K-Øn-\p≈ {]Im-i-ambn P\n-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥th-

≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. c‡-km-£n-bmb hnip≤ PÃn≥,

ss{St^m-bp-am-bp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ kw`m-j-W-Øn¬,

{it≤-b-amb Hcp {]-tbmKw \S-Øp-∂p-≠v: adn-bw, amem-

J-bpsS ktμiw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠v, ""hnizm-k-sØbpw

kt¥m-j-sØbpw'' 49 K¿`w [cn®p F∂v At±lw

\tΩmSp ]d-bp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ amXm-hn¬ hnizmkw AXn-

s‚ km^eyw {]I-S-am-°n. \ΩpsS kz¥w Bflo-b-Po-

hn-Xw e-a-Wn-bp-tºmƒ, \mw kt¥m-j-Øm¬ \ndbp∂p.

hnizm-k-Øns‚ al-Øz-Øns‚ hy‡-amb AS-bm-f-am-

WXv. Xs‚ Xncp-°p-am-cs‚ Ime-Sn-Isf ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p-

sIm≠v,50 kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn¬ adnbw hnizm-k-Xo¿∞m-

S\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. Ahfn¬, ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se hnizm-

kbm{X tbip-hn-\m¬ cq]m-¥-c-s∏Sp-Ibpw a\p-jym-h-

Xmcw sNbvX ssZh-]p-{Xs‚ ISm-£-Øn-tebv°v {]thin-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXpsIm≠v Ahn-SpsØ A\pKan-°-embn

Db¿Ø-s∏-´p.

59. ]cn-ip-≤-I-\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øn¬ Rm≥ ap≥]v ]d™-

Xp-t]m-se, Hcp hnizmkn Ahs‚ As√¶n¬ Ah-fpsS

hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]-\-Øn-te°v ]q¿Æ-ambn Db¿Øs∏-Sp∂p

F∂v \ap°v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. tbip-hp-am-bp≈ adn-b-

Øns‚ KmV-_‘w \nanØw, \ΩpsS hnizm-k-hn-j-b-

hp-ambn Ahƒ hfsc kq£va-am-bn-Øs∂ tbmPn-

®n-cn°p∂p. I\y-Ibpw AΩbpw F∂ \ne-bn¬, adnbw

{InkvXp-hns‚ ssZh-]p-{X-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v hy‡-amb



sXfnhp \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. ]nXm-hn-em-Wv {InkvXp-hns‚ \nXy-

amb D¤-hw. ka-{Khpw AXpey-hp-amb Hc¿∞-Øn¬

Ahn-Sp∂v ]p{X-\m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Hcp ]pcp-js‚ CS-

s]S¬ IqSmsX Ime-Øn¬ Ahn-Sp∂v P\n°p∂p. ]p{X≥

F∂ \ne-bn¬, tbip temI-Øn-te°v Hcp ]pXnb Bcw-

`hpw Hcp ]pXnb {]Im-i-hpw, am\-h-cm-in°v {]Zm\w sNø-

s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ hnizkvX kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-

X sIm≠p-hcp∂p. F∂m¬ adn-b-Øns‚ bYm¿∞

amXrXzw ssZh-]p-{X\v B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp a\p-jy-N-cn-

{Xw, Ahn-Sp∂v Ipcnin¬ acn-°pIbpw acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂v

D∞m\w sNøpIbpw sNbvX bYm¿∞ ico-cw, kp\n›n-

Xam-°p-∂p. adnbw Ipcn-in-te°v tbiphns\ A\pKan-

°p∂p (cf. tbml. 19:25) Ahn-sS-\n∂v Ah-fpsS amXr-

Xzw Ahn-SpsØ injy-∑m-cn¬ Hmtcm-cp-Øcn-te°pw hym-

]n-°p∂p (cf. tbml. 19:26˛27). tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m-\-

Øn\pw kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-Øn-\pw-ti-jw, At∏mkv-X-e-∑m-

tcmSptN¿∂v ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ Zm\-Øn-\p-th≠n

{]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠v, skln-tbm≥ amfnI-ap-dn-bn-epw adnbw

k∂n-ln-X-bm-bn-cp∂p (cf. At∏m. 1:14). ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw

]p{X-s‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS-bpw CS-bn-se kvt\l-

Øns‚ Ne\w \ΩpsS Ncn-{X-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

\ap°v c£ \¬Ip-hm≥th≠n {InkvXp X∂n-te-°p-

Xs∂ \sΩ BI¿jn-°p∂p (cf. tbml. 12:32). ssZh-]p-

{X\pw kv{Xobn¬-\n∂p PmX-\mb-h\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-

hns‚ Zm\-Øn-eqsS ]p{Xo-]p-{X-∑m-cmbn ZsØ-Sp-°p-∂-

Xn-te°v \sΩ B\-bn-°p∂-h-\p-amb tbip-hns\ \ΩpsS

hnizm-k-Øns‚ tI{μ-Øn¬-Øs∂ \mw G‰p-]-d-bp-∂p

(cf. Kem. 4:4).

60. k -bpsS amXmhpw \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ amXm-

hp-amb adn-b-Øn-te°v \ap°v {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿hw Xncnbmw:

107

AtΩ, Rß-fpsS hnizm-ksØ klm-bn-°-Wta!ssZh-Øns‚ hN\w {ihn-°m\pw Ahn-SpsØ kzchpw

hnfn-bpw Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw Rß-fpsS ImXp-Isf Xpd-°-Wta.AhnSpsØ ImeSnIsf ]n≥Xp-S-cm-\p-≈, Rß-fpsS

kz¥w tZi-Øp-\n∂p ]pd-s∏ v Ahn-SpsØ hmKvZm\w kzoI-cn-°m-\p≈, A`n-emjw Rß-fn¬ DW¿Øn-bmepw.

hnizm-k-]q¿hw Rßƒ tbip-hns\ kv]¿in-°m≥-th≠n Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-Øm¬ kv]¿in-°-s∏-Sm≥Rßsf klmbn-°-W-ta.

Rß-fpsS hnizmkw hf¿® {]m]n-°m≥ hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, Ipcn-ins‚ \ng-en-\p-Xm-sg, {]tXy-In®v ]co-£-W-thfI-fn¬, Rß-sf-Øs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambn AhnSp-tØ°p c-ta-ev]n-°m\pw Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m\pwRßsf klm-bn-°-W-ta.

Rß-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn¬ D∞n-Xs‚ kt¥mjw hnX-®mepw.

hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ Hcn-°epw H‰-bv°-s√∂v Rßsf A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°-W-ta.

tbip Rß-fpsS ]mXbv°p {]Im-i-am-Im≥th≠n F√mImcy-ßfpw Ahn-SpsØ IÆp-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn ImWm≥Rßsf ]Tn-∏n-°-W-ta. Aß-bpsS ]p{X\pw Rß-fpsSI¿Øm-hp-amb {InkvXp Xs∂-bmb B A\-iz-c-Zn-\-Øns‚Dj- p-hsc Cu hnizm-k-sh-fn®w Rß-fn¬ Ft∏mgpw

h¿≤n-°-s´!

Fs‚ {][m-\m-Nm-cy-Xz-Øns‚ {]Ya h¿j-amb 2013˛¬ hnip≤At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cmb ]t{Xm-kns‚bpw ]utem-kn-s‚bpw Xncp-\mƒZn\-amb Pq¨ 29˛mw XobXn tdmanse hnip≤ ]t{Xm-kns‚_kn-en-°-bn¬h®p \¬I-s∏-´-Xv.

{^m≥ko-kv am¿]m∏



Notes

1. Dialogus cum Tryphone Iudaeo, 121, 2: PG 6, 758.2. Clement of Alexandria, Protrepticus, IX: PG 8, 195.3. Brief an Elisabeth Nietzsche (11 June 1865), in: Werke

in drei Bänden, München, 1954, 953ff.4. Paradiso XXIV, 145-147.5. Acta Sanctorum, Junii, I, 21.6. “Though the Council does not expressly deal

with faith, it speaks of it on every page, itrecognizes its living, supernatural character, itpresumes it to be full and strong, and it bases itsteachings on it. It is sufficient to recall theCouncil’s state-ments… to see the essentialimportance which the Council, in line with thedoctrinal tradition of the Church, attributes tofaith, the true faith, which has its source in Christ,and the magisterium of the Church for itschannel” (Paul VI, General Audience [8 March1967]: Insegnamenti V [1967], 705).

7. Cf., forexample, First Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the CatholicFaith Dei Filius, Ch. 3: DS 3008-3020; SecondVatican Ecumenical Council, DogmaticConstitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum,5: Catechism of the Catholic Church, Nos. 153-165.

Chapter 18. Cf. Catechesis V, 1: PG 33, 505A.9. In Psal. 32, II, s. I, 9: PL 36, 284.

109

10. M. Buber, Die Erzählungen der Chassidim, Zürich,1949, 793.

11. Émile, Paris, 1966, 387.12. Lettre à Christophe de Beaumont, Lausanne, 1993,

110.13. Cf. In Ioh. Evang., 45, 9: PL 35, 1722-1723.14. Part II, IV.15. De Continentia, 4, 11: PL 40, 356.16. “Vom Wesen katholischer Weltanschau ung” (1923),

in Unterscheidung des Christlichen. GesammelteStudien 1923-1963, Mainz, 1963, 24.

Chapter 217. XI, 30, 40: PL 32, 825.18. Cf. ibid., 825-826.19. Cf. Vermischte Bemerkungen / Culture and Value, ed.

G.H. von Wright, Oxford, 1991, 32-33; 61-64.20. Homiliae in Evangelia, II, 27, 4: PL 76, 1207.21. Cf. Expositio super Cantica Canticorum, XVIII, 88:

CCL, Continuatio Mediaevalis 87, 67.22. Ibid., XIX, 90: CCL, Continuatio Mediae valis 87, 69.23. “The obedience of faith (Rom 16:26;

compare Rom 1:5, 2 Cor 10:5-6) must be ourresponse to the God who reveals. By faith onefreely submits oneself entirely to God makingthe full submission of intellect and will to Godwho reveals, and willingly assenting to therevelation given by God. For this faith to be

Notes


accorded, we need the grace of God, anticipatingit and assisting it, as well as the interior helps ofthe Holy Spirit, who moves the heart andconverts it to God, and opens the eyes of the mindand makes it easy for all to accept and believethe truth. The same Holy Spirit constantlyperfects faith by his gifts, so that revelation maybe more and more deeply understood” (SecondVatican Ecumenical Council, DogmaticConstitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 5).

24. Cf. H. Schlier, Meditationen über den JohanneischenBegriff der Wahrheit, in Besinnung auf das NeueTestament. Exegetische Aufsätze und Vorträge 2,Freiburg, Basel, Wien, 1959, 272.

25. Cf. S. Th. III, q. 55, a. 2, ad 1.26. Sermo 229/L (Guelf. 14), 2 (Miscellanea

Augustiniana 1, 487/488): “Tangere autem corde,hoc est credere”.

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111Notes

27. Cf. Encyclical Letter Fides et Ratio (14 September1998), 73: AAS (1999), 61-62.

28. Cf. Confessiones, VIII, 12, 29: PL 32, 762.29. De Trinitate, XV, 11, 20: PL 42, 1071: “verbum quod

intus lucet”.30. Cf. De Civitate Dei, XXII, 30, 5: PL 41, 804.31. Cf. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith,

Declaration Dominus Iesus (6 August 2000),15: AAS 92 (2000), 756.

32. Demonstratio Apostolicae Predicationis, 24: SC 406,117.

33. Cf. Bonaventure, Breviloquium, prol.: OperaOmnia, V, Quaracchi 1891, 201; In I Sent., proem,q. 1, resp.: Opera Omnia, I, Quaracchi 1891, 7;Thomas Aquinas, S. Th I, q.1.

Chapter 334. Cf. De Baptismo, 20, 5: CCL 1, 295.35. Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei

Verbum, 8.36. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council,

Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy SacrosanctumConcilium, 59.

37. Cf. Epistula Barnabae, 11, 5: SC 172, 162.38. Cf. De Nuptiis et Concupiscentia I, 4, 5: PL 44,

413: “Habent quippe intentionem generandiregenerandos, ut qui ex eis saeculi filii nascuntur inDei filios renascantur”.


39. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, DogmaticConstitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum,8.

40. In Nativitate Domini Sermo, 4, 6: SC 22, 110.41. Cf. Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses, I, 10, 2: SC 264,

160.42. Cf. ibid., II, 27, 1: SC 294, 264.43. Cf. Augustine, De Sancta Virginitate, 48, 48: PL 40,

424-425: “Servatur et in fide inviolata quaedamcastitas virginalis, qua Ecclesia uni viro virgo castacoaptatur”.

44. Cf. An Essay on the Development of ChristianDoctrine (Uniform Edition: Longmans, Green andCompany, London, 1868-1881), 185-189.

45. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council,Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation DeiVerbum, 10.

Chapter 446. Origen, Contra Celsum, IV, 75: SC 136, 372.47. Ibid., 85: SC 136, 394.48. “Choruses from The Rock”, in The Collected Poems

and Plays 1909-1950, New York, 1980, 106.49. Cf. Dialogus cum Tryphone Iudaeo, 100, 5: PG 6, 710.50. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council,

Dogmatic Constitution on the Church LumenGentium, 58.

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