visualorder9:18
DESCRIPTION
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VisualOrder
VIS
UA
L O
RD
ER
14 Co
nten
t
figure/ground
similarityproximityclosurecontinuance
translationrotationreflectionglide/reflectiondilation
symmetric balanceasymmetric balanceambiguous balanceneutral balance
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ER
14
first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to ac-count for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and ob-jects. Gestalt psychologists argued that these principles exist because the mind has an innate disposition to perceive patterns in the stimulus based on certain rules.
principles of grouping
aka: Gestalt laws of grouping
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VIS
UA
L O
RD
ER
14
VVVV
VV
7
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VIS
UA
L O
RD
ER
14
9
Similarity- O
bjects that resemble one another are often percieved as a group.
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VIS
UA
L O
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14 S S
S
S S
S
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Proxim
ity- Elements in close range are identified as a set.
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UA
L O
RD
ER
14
13
Clo
sure- A
n incomplete object is identified as a w
hole when the view
er’s eye completes m
issing information.
UUU
U
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VIS
UA
L O
RD
ER
14
AA
AAAAAA
AA
AAAA
AAAAAAA
AAA AA AA
AA
AAAA
A A
AAA A
AA
A A
AA
AAAAAA
AA
AAAA
AAAAAAA
AAA AA AA
AA
AAAA
A A
AAA A
AA
A A
AA
AAAAAA
AA
AAAA
AAAAAAA
AAA AA AA
AA
AAAA
A A
AAA A
AA
A A
15
Co
ntin
uance- Figures tend to be integrated into perceptual w
holes when in alignm
ent and implying a m
utual direction.
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UA
L O
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ER
14
S
first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as or-ganized patterns and objects. Gestalt psychologists argued that these principles exist because the mind has an innate disposition to perceive patterns in the stimulus based on certain rules.
symmetric operations
symmetry
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UA
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14
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Translation- The figure is m
apped out into equal linear points of correspondence
LLL
L
LL
L
LLL
LLL
LLLL
LL L
LLLLL
LL
LL
LLL L
LL L
LL L
LL
LLL
LLL
LLL
LL
L LL
L L L L L
L L L LLL L L L L
LLL
L
LL
L
LLL
LLL
LLLL
LL L
LLLLL
LL
LL
LLL L
LL L
LL L
LL
LLL
LLL
LLL
LL
L LL
L L L L L
L L L LLL L L L L
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VIS
UA
L O
RD
ER
14
O OO OOOO
OO O O O
OOO
OO OOOO
OO O
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Rotation- T
he figure is turned on a predetermined point. A
ll elements are at a fixed distance from
the axis.
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VIS
UA
L O
RD
ER
14
23
Reflection- T
he figure is rotated on the plane 180 degrees. The result is a m
irrored image.
RRRRRRR
R
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ER
14DDDD
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Glide R
eflection- Figure is rotated from the plane 180 degrees, gliding into a new
position.
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UA
L O
RD
ER
14
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Dilation- A
n element changes in size at regular intervals
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ee
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UA
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ER
14
B
Balance is characterized by the distribution of elements within a composition. The relationship between forms on the picture plane are percieved based on the natural equilibrium in the human body. Forms can be placed to direct the eye and communicate the mes-sage to the viewer.
compositional balance
Gestalt Laws of Grouping
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UA
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14
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Symm
etrical Balance- C
omposition is balanced w
ith elements relating to the sam
e central axis. r r
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ER
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11 1
111
111111
111
1111 11 111
1
33
Asym
metric B
alance- Forms are placed irregularly in relation to a central axis.
111 1111
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UA
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ER
14
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Am
biguous Balance- C
ompostion contains elem
ents that posess an unclear relationship and balance. 44
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UA
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RD
ER
14** ***
****
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Neutral B
alance- Elements are placed at random
creating a compostition that lacks em
phasis. ***