visualization in medicine course introduction
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Visualization in Medicine Course Introduction. Introduction. Medical visualization . Courtesy:Stefan Wesarg. Scientific visualization. Courtesy:Stefan Wesarg. Scientific vs. Medical Visualization. MedVis Check-up examination Verifying/extending a diagnosis made based on symptoms - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Dr. Engr. Sami ur RahmanAssistant Professor
Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Malakand
Visualization in Medicine
Course Introduction
Introduction
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University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 3
Medical visualization
Courtesy:Stefan Wesarg
Scientific visualization
University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 4
Courtesy:Stefan Wesarg
Scientific vs. Medical VisualizationSciVisData exploration
(undirected)Testing a hypothesis and its
visualizationPresenting results
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MedVisCheck-up examinationVerifying/extending a
diagnosis made based on symptoms
Providing visualizations for treatment
Medical Visualization –what for? „The purpose of visualization is
insight, not pictures...“ (McCormick, 1987)
DiagnosisTherapeutic decisions Intraoperative informationMedical education
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Courtesy:Stefan Wesarg
Medical visualization system
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Courtesy:Stefan Wesarg
2D vs. 3D visualization Medical imaging started with X-ray 2D projection image of the body Tomographic techniques provide 2D slices Radiologists are familiar with 2D images
Mental fusion to a 3D data set Inspection of each voxel in 2D slices
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2D vs. 3D visualization 3D visualization related to progress in hardware
development Better overview with 3D rendering 3D visualization for radiologists in case of:Abnormal spatial relations (e.g., vessels) Difficult scenery (e.g., fractures) 3D visualization for therapy:Surgical operation target is naturally three-
dimensional Dosis in radiation therapy is applied to a volume
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Medical Image Modalities
Image Acquisition Techniques/Modalities X-Rays Imaging FluoroscopyEndoscopyComputed Tomography (CT)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)Functional MRIUltrasound ImagingNuclear Imaging
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X-Rays Imaging
First Medical Image Image Courtesy: University of
Freiburg , Germany
Most common medical imaging modalityUses high energy radiation that penetrates
through skin and tissue but not through bones. This produces a radiograph (2D X-rays image)
Areas like bone that absorb more radiation appear whiter while areas that the radiation passes through appear dark
https://docs.google.com/a/uom.edu.pk/presentation/d/1sd8Qqro2ESxD-yueHtPG0AcpWYSRX6EcAhVgriEcOHY/edit#slide=id.p8
Wilhem RotengenUniversity Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 11
Fluoroscopy
An imaging technique used to visualize internal organs while they are in motion
If an X-ray is a still image,fluoroscopy is like a movie
The images are projectedonto a monitor
Very helpful for doctorsbecause they can seeexactly how an organ is functioning
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EndoscopyEndoscopy refers to looking inside the body for medical
reasons using an endoscopeUnlike most other medical imaging devices, endoscopes are
inserted directly into the organ
Endoscope: A device using fiber optics and powerful lens systems to provide lighting and visualization of the interior of an organ
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Computed Tomography (CT Scan)Also known as Computer Assisted Tomography scans (CAT scans)Uses x-ray equipment to produce 3D images by taking a series of pictures from different angles
http://12000.org
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Using hydrogen atoms of water present in body tissues Excitation using radio waves
Image formation from the de-excitation Useful for imaging brain, liver, soft tissues
Used for diagnosing cancer, brain diseases, cardiovascular diseases en.wikipedia.org
http://12000.org
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Functional MRITechnique for measuring brain activity
Can be used showing which parts of the brain are involved in a particular mental process
Uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure
FMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world
fMRI of the brain listening to sounds (blue) and seeing pictures (orange)Courtesy: Hannah Devlin, Oxford University
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Ultrasound Imaging
Uses high frequency sound waves to produce images of soft tissuesA transducer produces sound waves that enter the body and are reflected back. This reflection creates an imageUltrasounds are commonly used during pregnancy tostudy the developing fetus3D ultrasound, 4D ultrasound:Uses the 2D ultrasound imagestaken at various angles
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NI looks at physiological processes (not anatomical structures)Radioactive drugs that emit gamma rays are injected into a patient's bloodstreamThe nuclear camera takes a "photograph" of the gamma rays Tells about the biological activity Used for diagnosing cancer, heart disease and kidney malfunctionNI scanners: PET and SPECT
Nuclear Imaging (NI)
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