visual kerogen and vitrinite reflectance data derived from

Visual kerogen and vitrinite reflectance data derived from washed cuttings (90' -6,100') and from core chips (4,739' - 4,894') of the BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. Kuparuk Uplands Ekvik No.1 well, and derived from unwashed cuttings (300' -6,500') of the BP Alaska Inc. Kuparuk Unit No. 1 well.

Received 20 April 1994 Total of 21 pages in report (added 8 pages of text 20 July 1995)

Alaska Geologic Materials Center Data Report No. 224

GMC Data Report No. 224

KEROGEN MICROSCOPY OF

SAMPLES FROM '!WO WELLS,

ALASKA

Prepared For:

Chevron USA, Inc.

P.O. Box 1635

Houston, TX 77251

Prepared By:

Wallace G. Dow

DGSI Project: 94/2879

February 11, 1994

DGSI Total Quality Geochemistry 1121

DGSI • 8701 NEW TRAILS DRIVE • THE WOODLANDS, TX 77381 • (713) 363-2176 • FAX (713) 292·3528 • TELEX 881137 DGSI

DISCUSSION

Bit. cut.t.ings sam!;lles from t.wo wells were analyzed wit.h kerogen microscopy only. No

geochemical or geological informat.ion were provided to help wit.h data interpretation.

Some of the maturity calculations, especially on the Kuparuk well samples, are open to

question and must. be confirmed by other information.

Ekvik No. 1 Well

All nine of the sam!;lles analyzed from this well co'ntain both terrigenous and lipid

organic mat.ter with the terrigenous component generally predominating. Structured

lipids consist of land plant derived sporinite, cutinite, resinite and suberinite as

well as liptodetrinite of unknown affinity. ,These kerogens should generate primarily

gas although there could be some waxy oil generating potential in three cutinite rich

samples from bet.ween 90 and 2,880 feet. Low background and lipid fluorescence intensity

and limit.ed solid bit.umen (except in the 5,970-6,100 foot. sample) indicat.es that oil has

not been generat.ed.

Because of t.he high percentage of t.errigenous organic matter, vitrinite is abundant

and calculated maturit.ies are based on reliable reflect.ance populations. Samples from

3,500 feet and deeper cont.ain some high re fleet. ing, probably recycled vitrinite that was

excluded from the mat.urity calculations. The calculated vitrinite reflectance

maturities are supported by other indices such as TAl, st.ructured lipids fluorescence

color and int.ensity, and unstructured lipids text.ure.

There is a persistent maturity increase with depth and the t.op of the oil window

(0.6 RoJ is just being approached in the deepest sample. The entire section penetrated

is therefore immature and has not generat.ed oil or gas. A maturit.y offset between 2,HBO

and 3,570 feet may be caused by a reverse fault between these two depths. This

conclusion must be considered tentative until it is supported by geological information.

Considering the excellent quality of the reflectance maturity calculations, however. the

presence of such a fault is a distinct probability.

94/2879 - 1

GMC Data Report No. 224 2/21

Kuparuk No. 1 Well

Eight samples from this well also contain mixed terrigenous and aquatic organic

matter with the terrigenous component predominating. Structured lipids are primarily

liptodetrinite but there is some higher plant sporinite and cutinite in the two shallowest

samples. The organic matter in these samples should yield only gas, possibly including

minor wet gas.

Vitrinite is abundant in all of the samples analyzed but most contain multiple

vitrinite populations and it is sometimes difficult to determine which population

represents the true maturity of the samples. Other maturity indices are also affected

because they parallel the reflectance maturities. The situation is complicated by the

fact that cavings below reverse faults can be more mature than indigenous material. There

is some high reflective vitrinite in all of the samples which appears to be recycled and

this material was excluded from the maturity calculations.

Our vitrinite reflectance maturity calculations are mostly based on the lowest good

vitrinite population in the samples. There appears to be a general . increase with depth

with strong offsets between 1.300 and 2,100 feet and between 4.850 and 5.750 feet.

Maturity reversals at these two depth positions could indicate reverse faults. The

maturity offset at the shallow fault position indicates a greater throw than the lessor

offset at the deeper position. Because of . the multiple vitrinite populations, our

maturity calculations are suspect and must be supported by geological data. If our

interpretation is correct. the shallowest thrust plate is within the oil window. the

second plate is just approaching the oil window. and the third plate is immature.

Hydrocarbon generation is suspended throughout the section by cooling associated with

overburden removal and is not active at the present time.

91\/2879 - 2


VISUAL KEROOEN ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

Visual kerogen analysis employs a Zeiss Universal microscope system equipped with halogen, xenon, and tungsten light sources or a Jena Lumar microscope equipped with halogen and mercury light sources. Vitrinite reflectance and kerogen typing are performed on a polished epoxy plug of unfloated kerogen concentrate using reflected light from the halogen source. The digital indicator is calibrated using a glass standard with a reflectance of 1.02% in oil. This calibration is linearly accurate for reflectance values ranging from peat (Ro 0.20\' through anthracite IRo 4.0').

Reflectance values are recorded only on good quality vitrinite, including obvious contamination and recycled material. The relative abundance of normal, altered, lipid-rich, oxidized, and coked vitrinite is recorded. When good quality, nonnal vitrinite is absent, notations are made indicating how the maturity is affected by weathering, oxidation, bitumen saturation, or coking. When normal vitrinite is absent or sparse, 'other maceralS may be substituted. Solid bitumen, for example is present in many samples. Although it often has a different reflectance than vitrinite, Jacob's calibration chart can be used to obtain an estimated vitrinite reflectance equivalent. Graptolites have about the same reflectance as vitrinite and can often be used to obtain maturity data in early Paleozoic rocks that have no vitrinite.

Unstructured lipid kerogen changes in texture and color during the maturation process. Typically. unstructured kerogen at low maturity is reddish brown and amorphous. Somewhere between Ro 0.50 to 0.65\, the kerogen takes on a massive texture and is gray in color. At higher maturity, generally above Ro 1.30%, unstructured kerogen is light gray and micrinized.

Kerogen typing and maturity assessments from the polished plug are enhanced by utilizing fluorescence from blue light ~xcitation. The xenon or mercury lamp is used with an excitation filter at 495 nm coupled with a barrier filter of 520 nm. With the Jena microscope we also have the option of observing fluorescence under ultra violet excitation. The intensity of fluorescence in the epoxy mounting medium (background fluorescence) correlates well with the onset of oil generation and destruction. The identification of structured and unstructured liptinite is also enhanced with the use of fluorescence in those samples having a maturity less than Ro 1.3%. The relative abundance and type of pyrite is also recorded.

TAl is performed using tungsten or halogen light source that is transmitted through a glass slide mode from the unfloated kerogen concentrate. Ideally, TAl color is based on sporinite of terrestrial origin. When sporinite is absent. TAl is estimated from the unstructured lipid material. Weathering, bitumen admixed with the unstructured material and micrinization can darken the kerogen and raise the TAl value. The character of the organic matter in transmitted light is correlated with observations made in reflected light for kerogen typing.

Kerogen typing and maturity assessments from the slide preparation are also reinforced by using different light sources. The slide is first observed in transmitted light to obtain TAl color and organic matter structure or type. The light is then switched to reflected halogen light to observe structure and amount of pyrite, and finally to reflected blue light excitation from the xenon or mercury source


for fluorescence. The fluorescence of structured and unstructured liptinite is not masked by the epoxy fluorescence as it is in the reflected light mode because the mount ing medium is non-fluorescent. Remnant lipid structures (e.g. sporinite and alginite) within the unstructured kerogen can often be identified in blue light.

Maturity calculations are made from the vitrinite reflectance histograms. Decisions as to which reflectance measurements indicate the maturity of the sample are based not only on .the histogram but on all of the kerogen descriptive elements as well. Because it is not done at the time· of measurement, alternate maturity calculations can be made if kerogen data and geological information dictate.

In summary, vitrinite reflectance measurements are performed on a polished plug in reflected light, TAI is performed on a slide in transmitted light, and kerogen typing is estimated from both preparations using a combination of reflected, transmitted, and fluorescent light techniques. Fluorescence in blue light is used to enhance the identification of structured and unstructured lipid material, solid bitumens, and drilling mud contaminants. Fluorescence also correlates with the maturity and state of preservation of the sample. Maturity calculations from measured reflectance data are made from the histograms and are influenced by all of the kerogen data.

VISUAL KEROOEN ANALYSIS GLOSSARY

Several key definitions are included in this glossary in order to make our reports more self-explanatory. In our reports, we refer to organic substances as ,macerals. Macerals are akin to minerals in rock, in that they are organic constituents that have microscopically recognizable characteristics. However, macerals vary widely in their chemical and physical properties, and they are not crystalline.

1. UNSTRUCTURED KEROGEN, or sometimes called structure less organic matter (SOM) and bit.uminite; it is widely held that unstructured kerogen represents t.he bacterial breakdown of lipid material. It also includes fecal pellets, minute particles of algae, organic gels, and may contain a humic component. As described on the first page of this section, unstructured lipid kerogen changes character during maturation. The three prinCipal stages are amorphous, massive, and micrinized. Amorphous kerogen is simply without any structure. Massive kerogen has taken on a cohesive structure, as the result of polymerization during the process of oil generation. At high maturity, unstructured kerogen becomes micrinized. Micrinite is characterized optically by an aggregation of very small (less than one micron) round bodies that make up the kerogen.

2. STRUCTURED LIPID KEROGEN consist.s of a group of macerals ~hich have a recognized structure, and can be related to the original living tissue from which they were derived. There are many different types, and the types can be grouped follows:

a. Alginite, derived from algae. It is sometimes very useful to distinguish the different algal types, for botryococcus and pediastrum are associated with lacustrine and non-marine source rocks, while algae such as tasmanites, gloecapsomorpha, and nostoco~sis are typically marine. Acritarchs and dinoflaggelates are marine organisms which are also included in the algal category.


b. Cutinite, derived from plant cuticles, the remains of leaves. c. Resinite, (including fluorinitel derived from plant resins, balsams,

latexes, and waxes. d. Sporinite, derived from spores and pollen from a wide variety of land

plants. e. Suberinite is derived from the corky tissue of land plants. f. Liptodetrinite is that structured lipid material that is too small to

be specifically identified. Usually, it is derived from alginite or sporinite.

g. Undifferentiated. At times, one can readily distinguish structured lipid material from the unstructured without being able to make a specific determination of the structured material.

The algae are an important part of many oil source rocks, both marine and lacustrine. Alginite has a very high hydrogen index in RocK-Eval pyrolysis. Resins, cuticles, and suberinite contribute to the waxy, non-marine oils that are found in Africa and the Far East. At vitrinite reflectance levels above Ro 1.2 - 1.4%, structured lipid kerogen changes structure and it becomes very difficult to distinguish them from vitrinite.

3. SOLID BITUMEN, also called migrabitumen and solid hydrocarbon. In 1992, the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) has decided to include solid bitumen in the Exsudatinite group. Solid bitumens are expelled hydrocarbon products which have particular morphology, reflectance and fluorescence properties which make it possible to identify them. They represent two classes of substances: one which is present at or, near the place where it was generated, and second as a substance which is present in a reservoir rocK and may have migrated a great distance from its point of origin. The sol id bitumens have been given names. such as gilsonite. impsonit.e. grahamite, et.c., but they represent generated heavy hydrocarbons which remain in place in the source rock or have migrated into a reservoir and mature along with the rock. Consequently. it is possible to use the reflectance of solid bitumens for maturation determinations when vitrinite is not present.

4. HUMIC TISSUE. that is organic material derived from the woody tissue of land plants. The most. important of this group is:

a. Vitrinite is derived from woody tissue, which has been subjected to a minimum amount. of oxidation. Normally. it is by far the most abundant maceral in humic coals, and because the rate of change of vitrinite reflectance is at a more even pace than it is for other macerals, it offers the best means of obtaining thermal maturity data in coals and other types of sedimentary rocks.

Because the measurement of vitrinite is so important, care is taken to distinguish normal (fresh, unaltered) vitrinite from other kinds of vitrinite. Rough vitrinite does not take a good polish and therefore may not yield good data. Oxidized vitrinite may have a reflectance higher or lower than fresh vitrinite; this is a problem oft~n

encountered in outcrop samples. Lipid-rich vitrinite. or saprovitrinite, has a lower reflectance than normal vitrinite. and will produce an abnormally low thermal maturity


value. Coked vitrinite is vitrinite that has structures found in vitrinite heated in a coke oven. Naturally coked vitrinite is the product of very rapid heating, such as that found adjacent to intrusions. Where it is possible to do so, vitrinite derived from an uphole portion of a well will be identified as caved vitrinite. Recycled vitrinite is the vitrinite of higher maturity which clearly can be separated from the indigenous first-cycle vitrinite population. Often, the recycled vitrinite merges in with the inert group.

b. Inertinite is made up of woody tissue that has been matured by a different pathway. Early intense oxidat ion, usua lly involving charring. fungal attack, biochemical gelification, creates the much more highly reflecting fusinite and semi-fusinite. Sometimes the division between vitrinite and fusinite is transitional. Sclerotinite, fungal remains having a distinct morphology are considered to be inert. An important consideration is that the inerts, as the name implies, are largely non- reactive, "dead carbon", and they have an extremely low hydrogen index in Rock-Eval pyrolysis.

S. OTHER ORG.h.NIC MATERIAL

a. In ·the table, we have put lipid-rich, caved and recycled vitrinite in this section so that we could show the percentages of these macerals; they are described above.

b. Exsudatinite. Oil and oily exudates fall in this group. Exsudatinite differs from the solid bitumens on the basis of mobility and solubility. We prefer to maintain this distinction although the ICCP has now included the solid bitumens in with the Exsud~tinite group.

c. Graptolites are marine orga~isms that range from the Cambrian to the lower Mississippian; it has been found that they nave a reflectance similar to that of vitrinite. Because vitrinite is lacking in early Paleozoic rocks, the proper identification and measurement of graptolites is important in these sediments.

6. PYRITE. Various forms of pyrite can be readily identified under the microscope. Euhedral is pyrite with a definite crystalline habit. Framboidal is pyrite in the form of grape-like clusters which are made up of euhedral to subhedral crystals. Framboidal pyrite is normally found in sediments with a marine influence; for example, coals with a marine shale roof rock usually contain frarnboidal pyrite. Massive pyrite is pyrite with no particular external form; often this is pyrite that forms rather late in the pore spaces of the sediment. Replacement/infillina is self-explanatory.


.. c: •

~ ,.. •

n

> 2· .... ::0 > n

=-""


ZONES OF PETROLEUM GENERATION AND DESTRUCTION

ORGANIC MATTER TYPE

AMORPHOUS (OIL) MIXED COALY IGAS)

DRY. GAS PRESERVAnON UMrr ----------------'.--

65

1

4

+

CORRELATION OF VARIOUS MATURATION INDICES AND ZONES

OF PETROLEUM GENERATION AND DESTRUCTION.

8/21

R #1 EKVIK

Project: DGSI/94/2879 FLUORESCENCE I TAl

ORGANIC MATTER RELATIVE ABUNDANCE REFLECTED TRANSMITTED Ro ~

LIPIDS HUMIC OTHER VITRINITE LIPIDS LIPIDS

DGSI UNSfRUCJ1JRED SfRUCJ1JRED UNSTR.. STRU. UNSfR. SfRU.

TAl FLUOR. TAl FLVOR.

DATE: II! ~ ~ ~ ~ i

II!

~ fil g ~

.. w ~ g z 0 ! ..

~ l ::I 'Z ~ g ~ z 0

i 219/94 ~ g: g ~

z ~

m 0 ~ ~ ~ g g !ii

w

~ ~ (i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ;z, I::

~ ~ x ~ z

~ w 0

~ il ~ ~

~ ~ 0

~ I: t g 0 II! ~ II! ~ ~ W II! ~ W II! !l

i ~ ~

~ ~ w 6 ~ 0 0 :> g g i

~ 0 EI « ~ ~

II! g i: ($ ~ 8 ~ 0 ~ ~ t ~ 5 t !i ~ 0 8 8 OEPTlIIN FEET ~ ., :. 0 u ~ >

erG LD ~B C S VL 0 1 0 1

1 90 - 210 I" 10 T p- 10 T 20 55 5 \.fA T + + - B 1 Y 4 o ~.d. y 4 0.31 Comments: Unstructllretl kerol!en tfifflCliU to idelllifv i" slide.

erG r5~ VL VR B 0 2

2 1020 - 1140 x 10 5 75 5 T IA 111 + + - - - 1 0 2 1 I.d. 2 BL 0 0.33 Comments: Some Iigflt oxitiatiOil.

erG D C S VL VR

+L 0 2 0 0 2

3 1950 - 2070 x 10 10 10 T 10 55 5 T fA 111 M - 1 Y 4 1 .d. j Y J 0.37 Comments:

erG .D C ~ ~ , 0 1

4 2760 - 2880 x 15 5 10 5 20 45 A M + + - B 1 Y 4 1 r.d. 0 1 2 0.43 Comments: Bitrm.i"ite?

erG D VR 0 1

5 3570 - 3690 K JO 5 10 50 5 UA III + ( At M 1 1 Y " 1 2 0 1 0 2 0.39

Comments: Some IIr!!.t oxidation rim.~. SAMPLE STRUCfURED OTIIEIt PYRITE ABUND. FLUOR. VIT. REFLECf. FLUOR. TAl COLOR

ANALYST TYPF.JPREP I.1PIDS ORGANIC MATTER INTENS. EQUIVALENCE COLOR VALUES

CfG Culll ••• AL AI,lalt. E Euuchotlnlt. E E"".d .... N N.DI 0 NODI B BllUfll •• W WhIt. 1· &raw Y.Ik",

Castano cc c •• ". Cere 58 SuborlJolI. G Gropt.UIH F F .. lllbolcl T Trac. 1 W .. k G Gnpt.llt .. G GrMa I P.ley.lk ..

-LO'Connor SWC SIdaW.UCore C Cutlnlt. VL Upld-Rkb Vltrlnlt. P,tA. M .. dv. - Suo.DAm .. 1 M .... nl. VL Llpld-Rkb Vltrlnlt. Y Y.IIo", 1+ y .....

OC Oul.rop LD Upt .... lrlnlt. VC Vllrlnlt.C._ ...... tfo .. RI R.plac .. M Mad. A .... 3 Str'RJ VC VIIrlaIt. C •• ta .... o 0 ....... 1- Y ... "''O'' ...

NI N •• "' ...... V 11",1111 ... VR R'.J_lod VI .. I.I •• In/III + L.r •• A .... 4 Inl.aI. VR ReeJ_tod Vltrlnlt. R Rod 1 C.1do.

C C •• I S Sporlalt. ++ Ab .... d ... B Bre •• l' A .... r

MICROSCOPE II 1I .. IRlto DL Rlack 3- Roddlolio Bro_

Il: K~r·l·n II Illhor 3 M._III-•• a

Jena WR WhoIoR .. k 3. Darkllr._

-LZelss VISUAL KEROGEN ANALYSIS L u,ht 4- Br._Black

.01. Ne' Peterra. Tolal Quality Geochemistry D Dork 4 Black

~. B1a_k.Opoq_

[pjJ~ #1 EKVIK

Project: DGSII94/2879 ~ FLUORESCENCE IT AI

ORGANIC MATTER RELATIVE ABUNDANCE REFLECTED TRANSMITTED Ro - LIPIDS HUMIC OTUER VITIUNITE LIPIDS LIPIDS

DGSI UNSI'RUC1lJRED Sl'RUC1lJRED UNSI'R. STRU. UNSI'R. STRU.

TAl FLIJOR. TAl FLUOR.

DATE: '" 1;

I ~ ~ IJ! 1 a l ~ .. ~ ~

w

! ~ .. g z ~ ~ 2 :I !z ~ ~ g ~. ~ 2/9/94 ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Is

~ !i ~

g ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ 0 i iii ~ 2!"

go

~ 0

~ ~ ~ ~ 6 « ~ ~ g ! '" ~ w II: ~ w II: ~ :s ~

« w

~ ~ ~ d 0 :> 0 :> 0 i

~ ~ ..,

~ ::J

~ ~ ~ ~ Ii: ~ 5 ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ 8 ~ « g ~ ~ t 8 8 ~ ~ t:

DEPTH IN FEET :i: ::J .., >

eTG 'J) VL VR If A B 0 1 0

6 4530 - 4650 I[ 45 5 10 30 5 5 r;' M + If M . M DB I Y 1 2 2 OB 1 Y 1 0.42

Comments: Rough, dark oxidation. Nutshell contamination. (X .D S VRt~ 0 1 0 I 1- Y 2

7 4739 - 4894 r 20 5 T T 15 45 15 If M + + - - B 1 Y 1 2 1 BL 0 1 YO 3 0.46

Comments: eTG D VL VR +~ B 0 1 0 2

8 5190 - 5310 r 40 5 10 30 5 10 If A M M . - I Y 2 2 2 OB 1 Y 3 0.46

Comments: Dark oxidation. eTG D VL VR 0

9 5970 - 6100 K 20 5 5 10 45 5 10 M + f M - M B J 0 2 3 2 OB I Y 2 0.55

Comments: Same. Larf!e (raf!mellts solid billlmen - Ro 0.03 - 0.28.

-Comments:

SAMPLE STRUcrURED OTHER PYRITE ADUND. FLUOR. VIT. REFLEcr. FLUOR. TAICOWR

ANALYST TYPF.JPREP LIPIDS ORGANIC MATTER INTENS. EQUIVALENCE COLOR VALUES

ere CatliaCI AL AI,lall. E Euodallall. E Euh.dral N N ... 0 N.ao B Bllumon W WhIt. 1· StrawVollow

Castano CC C.DV. C.r. SB Subulnllo C Cnptolltol F Fnmbeld T Tnce 1 Wook G CnptoUI .. G Cr ... 1 Palo V.Ik ..

2-0'Connor swc Sid.W.UC.ro C Cullall. VL lJpId-Rlcb Vlklall. MA Maslin Sm.UAmL 2 MoM"I. VL LIpid-Ric" Vllrlallo Y VoDow H Volkw

OC Oulcrop LD UpI..Jolrlnll. VC Vllr ... II.C ....... IaaIio. RI R.p ..... M Mod.AmL 3 Slro"1 VC Vllrl"lI. C ........ o OnDI. l-. V.lIow.O .... '.

NI Nol"rorlll. U U .... IlT.r. VR Recycl.d VllrlD ... IafIn .. Lore. AIIIL ~ 1.llns. VR Recycl.d Vllrlall. R Rid 2 Golclt.

C C •• I S Splrlnll. ++ AbuRdaDI B Br ..... 2+ A.b.,

MICROSCOPE R R .. lnll. BL lIia.k 3- R..s.u. .. Bh_

II: Kerec·· o Oll .. r J Mcdlaalk ....

Jena WR WhoIoR .. k )+ DorkBr ....

2-Zeiss VISUAL KEROGEN ANALYSIS L lJabt of. Dr, ... BIo.k

Li- N •• D.t.' .... Total Quality Geochemistry D n .... 4 1lIe ...

4. IIIo.k.Opa_

#1 EKVIK 90 - 21 0 ft. CTG F.EF.OGEH

INTERPRETED ~\TURITY : 0.31 Ro Std. Dcv. : 0.05 Ho. Rc~dingz : 28

~ 20

15

10

5

* = Ma.turity Values REFLECTh.NCE VllLUES

~0.23 "'0.29 *0.35 ~O.24 ,1.:0.30 "'0.35 ,1,:0.25 ,1.:0.30 *0.35 *0.25 "'0.30 ~0.36 '&'0.25 "'0.30 *0.38 "'0.26 ~O.31 *0.38 ~0.26 "'0.31 *0.39 ,lr0.26 ""0.32 "'0.39 ""0.29 ""0.33 0.40 *0.29 ,1.:0.35 O. '10

#1 EKVIK 1020 - 1140 ft. CTG [EROGEN

INTERPRETED M}~URITY : 0.33 Ro std. Dcv. : 0.05 No. Rc~ding~ : 30 -------------------------------------------------

#' 20'

15

10

5

o '" = Maturity Values

"'0.23 ~O.31 ""0.34 *0.29 *0.31 "'0.34 ""0.29 *0.31 "'0.35 "'0.30 ,1.:0.31 "'0.36 *0.30 *0.31 *0.38 "'0.30 "'0.32 *0.38 *0.30 *0.32 "'0.41 "'0.30 *0.33 "'0.43 "'0.30 "'0.33 "'0.43 "'0.30 "'0.33 *0.19 GMC Data Report No. 224

1. 61

11121

#1 El\VIK

1950 - 2070 ft. ·CTG

I~ITERPRETED ~\TURITY : 0.3i Ro

KEROGEN Std. Dc',. I) • I) 13. No. Rcading: : 33

-------------------------------------------------

# 20

15

10

5

0

* = M~turity Values REFLECTi\NCE VALUES

*0.26 ""0.34 ""0.37 *0.44 ""0.28 *0.34 *0.37 ""0.46 *0.31 *0.34 ""0.37 "'0.59 ,1.0.32 ""0.35 *0.38 0.79 "'0.32 *0.35 "'0.39 1. 04 "'0.33 ""0.36 "'0.39 *0.33 *0.36 "'0.39 "'0.33 ,&0,0.36 *0.40 *0.34 *0.36 *0.41 "'0.34 "'0.37 "" 0 • '1 '1

#1 El\VIK

2760 - 2880 ft. CTG KEROGEN INTERPRETED MATURITY: 0.<13 Ro S t d . De.... : 0. 05 No. ReQding~ :35

-------------------------------------------------

# 20'

15

10

5

o ". = Maturity Values

*0.33 *0.41 *0.45 "'0.34 *0.41 .0.45 *0.37 ,a.,0.42 *0.45 *0.39 *0.42 *0.45 *0 39 *0.43 *0.4~ *0:39 *0.43 *0.4b *0.40 ""0.43 *0.46 *0.40 ~0.44 ~O.46 AO.40 *0.44 *0.4~ ~Q 40 :0\-0. '15 ""0. 4b


REFLECTBICE ;iF~UES

12/21

fl:l El<VIK

3570 - 3690 ft. CTG

INTERPRETED MATURITY: 0.39 Ro

r:EROGEH

Std. De'", No. Rcadings : 29 -------------------------------------------------

fI: 20

15

10

5

~ ~ M~turity Valucz ~O.26 ~0.36 ~O.42 ~O.27 ~0.36 ~O.43 ~O.30 ~0.38 *0.44 ~0.31 ~0.38 ~0.44 ~0.33 ~O.39 *0.45 ~0.33 ~0.39 *0.45 ~O.34 ~0.39 *0.48 ~O.35 *0.41 ~O.50 *0.35 ~0.42 *0.54 ~O.35 ~0.42 0.66

#1 EKVIK

u.7'1 0.90 1. 02 1.17 1. 22 1. 26

4530 - 4650 ft. CTG

REFLECTANCE Vi~LUES

KEROGEN I~PRETED ~~URITY : 0.42 Ro Std. Dcv. : 0.07

# 20'

15

10

5

o ~ ~ Maturity Va1uc~

~O.29 *0.42 *0.49 ~0.29 *0.43 ~O.5i ~O.35 ~0.43 0.61 *0.36 *0.44 0.62 ~0.37 ~0.44 0.64 ~O.37 *0.44 0.66 ~O.41 *0.46 0.67 ~O.41 ~O.47 0.70 *0.42 *0.49 0.78 *-0 42 *0.49 1.35


REFLECT.i\NCE ~; i:.LUES

No. Rcadingz : 22

13/21

#1 EKVIK

4739 - 4894 ft. CORE

INTERPRETED MATURITY : 0. /16 Ro

~ 20

15

10

5

o

KEROGEN Std. Dev. 0.06

* = Maturity

~0.37 ,~0.43 *0.38 *0.43 ~O.39 *0.43 ~O.39 ""0.45 *0.39 *0.45 *0.41 ""0.48 ~O.41 ""0.50 *0.41 ""0.50 JltO.42 ""0.51 *0.42 *0.51

Valuefi REFLECTANCE VALUES

#1 EKVIK

""0.53 ""0.54 ""0.54 ""0.55 ""0.56 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.70 0.77

0.79 0.82 0.92 0.93 1. OIl 1.11 1. 25 1. 35 1. 86 5.09

5190 ~ 5310 ft. eTC INTERPRETED MATURITY : O. '16 Ro

t:EP.OGEN

S td • Dc-v" • : tj. 05

Nb. R€Qdingc : 25

No. RCQdings : 19

-------------------------------------------------#= 20'

15

10

5

o "" = Maturity Values

~0.38 *0.46 0.83 ""0.39 *0.46 0.83 ""0.41 *0.46 0.84 *0.41 *0.47 0.92 ""0.41 *0.49 1.01 *0.42 *0.52 1.07 ~0.42 *0.52 1.37 JltO.44 *0.52 1.43 ~O.45 *0.60 1.43 ""0.46 0.73 1.85 GMC Data Report No. 224

REFLECT':\NCE ~jl·.LUES

14/21

#1 EKVIK 5970 - 6100 ft. CTG KEROGEN INTERPRETED MATURITY: 0.55 HO Std. Oev. : 0.08 No. Rendingz : 19

-------------------------------------------------

# 20

15

10

5

·0

.J.c = Maturity

""0.41 *0.59 ,1.:0.44 *0.59 ""0.45 .J.cO.60 ~8:~~ ~8:g£ *0.49 *0.0·1 ""8.50 .J.c0.66 ,I.: .53 ,1.:0.68 ,I.: .54 *0.68 .J.cO.55 0.74

Values

O.io 0.84 0.85 8:~~ 0.97 1.09 1.15 1.18 1. 24


1. 2i 1. 36 1. 93

~:~! 2.97

REFLECTANCE V.c~LUES

15/21

PJ~ #1 KUPARUK

Project: DGSII94/2879 FLUORESCENCE 1 TAl

ORGANIC MATTER RELATIVE ABUNDANCE REFLECfED TRANSMITTED Ro I.IPII>S HUMIC OTHER VITRINITE LIPIDS LIPIDS

DGSI UNSllIUCI1JRED SllIUCl1JRED UNsnt. STRtJ. UN!.-rR. !nlUl.

TAl FLlJOR. TAl FLUOR.

DATE: Ie ~

I g ~ ~ i a

~ ~ i '" ~ UJ

! ~ ~ ~ z 0

~ U) ~ t! g ~ ~ §1 ~ 2115/94

~ ffi :> g a

~ ?: ?: 2 ?: ~ 1I 0 UJ

~ ~ ~ ~ !ii ~ ~ ~ Ie a

~ b

~ X ~ t:I z 0

~ UJ

i ~ z

~ ~ ~ a ~ ~

x t:I Q II! ~ II! ~ ~ W Ie ~ W 9 ~ ~ ~

il I ~ 0 l:;! ~ 0 :> 0 :>

0 ~ g il ~ ~ :> 0

~ 8 ~ 0 ~ 8 ~ ~ ~

ii! j ~ ( ( ~ 0 x 0 0 S DEPTH IN FEET :i c: 0 0 0 ~ 0

CTG l.D S UA 1 2 0

10 300 - 400 K 10 5 5 20 60 F M +~ M - B 1 0 2 1 p.d. 2 Y 2 0.41 Comments:

tTG LD S C

+~ 2 BL 0 0 1 11 1200 - 1300 K 35 5 T 5 20 35 fA M M M B 1 0 1 3 2 0 1 2 Y 2 0.72

Comments: Trace IIllts/lell cOlllaminalloll. CTG LD +k B 1 2 1

12 2100 - 2200 K 35 5 T 20 40 IA M M M L 0 0 1 3 2+ BL 0 0 2 0.51 Comments:

lCTG LD

+_k_

B 1 2 1 13 2900 - 3000 K 35 5 T 20 40 IA M M M L 0 0 1 3 2+ BL 0 0 2 0.54

Comments: Trace Tlu/shell con tam illation.

,ICTG Hl 1 LD kA Ml

1

14 3700 - 3800 K 5 T 20 60 M M M B 1 0 2 2 .4. 0 2 0.52 Comments:

SAMPLE :,iRUCTURED OTHER PYRITE ABUND. FLUOR. VIT. REFLECT. FLUOR. TAl COLOR ANALYST TYPEIPREP LIPIDS ORGANIC MATTER INTENS. EQUIVALENCE COLOR VALUES

erG c"ulnc. AL AI&\aIt. E EuacbtWlo E Euh.dnl N N .... 0 NOM B BII_ ... W w.Jto 1- Str .. ,v .... Castano cc C.p.C.r. 5B Suberlalt. G GuploUI .. F Fnmbold T Trace 1 W .. k G c.opt.ue .. G CruD 1 P.loy.lIow

..2S..-O'Connor SWC SId.Wone ... C Cutlall. VL Upld-R1th. Vllrlnll. MA fl.b .. lv. Sm.UAmL 1 Modenl. VL Upld-Rith. Vltrlall. V Vellow 1+ Yollow

OC Ollter.p LD Upt.clelrlnlto VC VIIrIalI.C ..... mlaotlo. RI R.pIa ... M ModAmL 3 Str.II, VC VIIrIaU. C ... w.. o Or •• ,. 1- V.u.w-On"l' NI N.' ..... r ... U U.dIlfor. VR R •• yd," VltrlnU. InIIII + Lar,oAIDL ~ lal.ns. VR Roeycl." Vllrlnlc. R Rod 1 Celdo. C C .. I S Sporlnlt. ++ AbtoadaDl B Br._ 1+ A.bor

MICROSCOPE R R ..... It. BL 8Iotk 3- R.dollol. 1Ir._ K Ker., •• o Other 3 M.dI_Br."..

Jena WR WhoIoRotk 3+ DorkBr._

-L.,ZeiSs VISUAL KEROGEN ANALYSIS L lit'" 4- lire_Block 1'-01. N.tDder ... Total Quality Geochemistry D Dork 4 alock

4+ 8Io<k-0l"''1'"

R #1 KUPARUK

Project: DGSII94/2879 FLUORESCENCE IT AI

ORGANIC MATTER RELATIVE ABUNDANCE REFLECfED TRANSMITTED Ro

LIPIDS nUMIC OTIIER VITRINITE LIPIDS LIPIDS

DGSI UNSlRUC11JRED SlRUC11JRED UNSfR. SlRU. UNSfR. SlRU.

TAl PLUOR. TAl FI.TJOR.

DATE: a: ~ ~ ~ ~ i

i ~ I ~ ~ t I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :t i 2/15/94 ~

g: ~ l ~ t! b

I ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ 5 ~ i i>

§ ~ 0

~ ~ i ::: ~

0

~ ~ ~ t 6 ~ ~ '" ~ ~ !I! 3 l'i !Q l'i ~

~ 1i!

~ ~ 1i! ~ ~ ~ :3 ~ ~ 0 ~ g g ~ 8 ~ 0 8 ~ 8 ~

1i! :i DEPTH IN FEET :i ~ t t ~ § 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 :>

0

erG LD r. 1

15 4750 - 4850 1C 30 5 20 45 ~fA !tf M f M . T DB 1 0 1 2 1+ 0 1 0 2 70.66

Comments: Trace 01 eraDlrite-like fragments. erG W ~A M~ 0 1

16 5750 - 5850 1C 15 10 10 65 M M - T 11 1 Y 2 1 .4. 0 2 0.49

Comments: Same. erG LD +~ I 2 OB 1 1

17 6400 • 6500 1C 10 10 10 50 fA M M B I 0 2 3 1+ BL 0 0 2 0.52

Comments:

Comments:

Comments: SAMI'LE STlwcTUIum OTIIElt I'YRITJo: AIlUND. ,,'I.unIt, VIT.IU:Fu:cr. (o'l,U{)R. TAICOI.OR

ANALYST TYPE/PREP I.II'IDS ORGANIC MATTER INTENS. EOUlVALI'.:NCE COLOR VALUES

CfG CultlDt" AL AI,1nl11 E Eulldatlaltl E Euhedr.1 N No ... 0 NODI B Bit"",." W \¥WI. 1· SlnwV •• w

Castano CC C."Yw c. ... SB Suborlalt. G CnpCoUl .. F Fn.bold T Thce 1 W .. k G G .... pC.lIt .. G Gr ... t P.IoV •••

2-0 'Connor SWC S\doW.nC.r. C CatIaII. VL Upld-Rkb Vllrlnlt. !\fA M ... ",. Sm.UAmL 1 Modenl. VL UplcJ-RkbVitrlDIlo V v ..... 1+ v ...... OC Oulcrop LD UpCodetrinlt. VC Vllriall.C.alolDlnatl.a RI R.pl .... M M .... A ... L 3 Str'DJ: VC VllrIIIIl. C._ ... o OnDJ:' 1· V .... w'O"'DJ:.

NI No InCorlD. IJ UadllTor, VR R •• ycled VllrlAll. IaIlII + Lar,.A.L .. I.tease VR Recfcled VllrlDll. R Rod 1 c.1<Io. C C •• I li Sperl.lt. ++ AlMiDdut B 1Ir .... 1+ A.btr

MICROSCOPE R R ..... I. BL lllack J. R.oIdIo .. Br ....

K K«r., ... o 0 ...... l M ...... Br ....

Jena WR Wb.IoR •• k ]. DarkBr ....

--2L-Zelss VISUAL KEROGEN ANALYSIS L lJalll 4- Br ....... k

Ld. NeID.tuln. Total Quality Geochemistry II D .. k 4 III ....

4+ BIa.k.O""" ...

#1 KUPARUK

300 - 400 ft.

r.,

CTG

.. ) .. ' r,

KEROGEN I~PRETED MATURITY: 0.41 Ro Std. Dev. : 0.05

#= 20

15

10

5

o ~ = Maturity Values ~0.34 ~0.39 ~0.43 ~0.34 ~0.40 ~0.44 ~0.35 ~0.40 ~0.44 ~0.36 ~0.41 ~0.44 ~0.37 ~0.41 ~0.44 ~0.37 ~0.41 ~0.45 ~8.37 ~0.41 ~8·46 ~ .38 ~8.43 ~ .48 ~0.39 ~ .43 ~0.50 ~0.39 ~0.43 ~0.59

#:1 KUPARUK

0.80 0.82 0.98

1200 - 1300 ft. CTG

REFLECTANCE VALUES

KEROGEN

No. Readings : 30

I~PRETED MATURITY: 0.72 Ro Std. Dev. : 0.11 . No. Readings: 29 -------------------------------------------------

#: 20'

15

10

5

o ~ = Maturity Values

0.35 ~0.57 ~0.7l 0.37 ~0.60 ~0.7l 0.41 ~0.63 ~0.7l 0.41 ~0.64 ~0.73 0.43 ~0.64 ~0.73 0.46 *0.66 ~0.73 0.46 ~0.68 ~0.76

~0.52 ~0.69 ~0.77 ~0.54 ~0.69 ~0.79 ~0.56 *0.70 ~O.82


~0.82 ~0.86 ~0.88 ~0.89 ~O.89 ~0.90 1. 03 1.12

REFLECTANCE VALUES

18/21

#1 KUPARUK

2100 - 2200 ft. . CTG

INTERPRETED MATURITY : 0.51 Ro

KEROGEN

Std. Dev. : 0.10 No. Readings : 25 -------------------------------------------------

#= 20

15

10

5

o ~ = Maturity Values ~0.33 *0.52 *0.61 ~0.34 ~0.52 *0.61 ~0.37 ~0.53 *0.62 ~8.40 ~0.53 *0.64 ~ .40 ~0.54 *0.65

~~:i~ ~8:~i ~:~~ ~0.48 *0.59 0.78 ~O.48 *0.59 0.79

#=1 KUPARUK

2900 - 3000 ft.

0.81 0.85 0.86 0.88 0.98

tg~ 1. 09 1.09

CTG

REFLECTANCE VALUES 1.12 1.15 1. 22 1. 50

KEROGEN

INTERPRETED MATURITY: 0.54 Ro Std. Dev. : 0.17

#= 20'

15

10

5

o * = Maturity Values

0.24 ~0.44 *0.62 ~0.31 ~0.47 ~0.70 *0.32 ~0.49 ~0.71 ~O.32 ~O.51 ~O.72 ~0.33 ~0.58 *0.76 ~0.33 *0.59 *0.76 ~0.34 *0.60 ~0.76 ~O.34 *0.62 *0.78 ~0.35 *0.62 *0.78 ~0.40 *0.62 0.92


0.93 0.97 1. 02 1.04 1. 06 1. 09 1. 20 1. 21 1. 27 2.05

2 REFLECTANCE VALUES

No. Readings : 28

19/21

#1 KUPARUK

3700 - 3800 ft. CTG KEROGEN INTERPRETED MATURITY: 0.52 Ro Std. Dev. : O. 10 No. Readings : 23

------------~------------------------------------

# 20

15

10

5

o * = Maturity Values *0.40 ~0.46 ~0.65 *0.43 ~0.48 ~0.71 .0.44~0.50 .0.72 .0.44 ~0.51 0.86 *0.44 ~O.54 0.86 .0.45 ~0.54 0.87 *0.45 *0.59 0.90 *0.46 *0.61 0.90 ~0.46 *0.63 0.99 ~0.46 ~0.64 1.01

#1 KUPARUK

1. 02 1. 07 1.07 1. 07 1.14 1.18 1. 32 1.40 1. 56 1. 76

4750 - 4850 ft. CTG

REFLECTANCE VALUES

KEROGEN INTERPRETED MATURITY : 0.66 Ro Std. Dev. : 0.18 No. Readings : 22

-------------------------------------------------# 20'

15

10

5

o 1 * = Maturity Values

0.36 *0.62 *0.88 "0.40 ~0.64 *0.89 *0.43 *0.65 *0.89 *0.45 *0.66 0.95 ~0.47 *0.69 0.98 ~O.48 *0.81 0.98 ~O.48 *0.84 1.01 ~O.48 *0.84 1.01 ~0.55 *0.86 1.04 *0.62 *0.88 1.04


1. 04 1. 06 1. 08 1.19 1. 20 1. 21 1. 22 1. 23 1.25 1. 28

2 3 REFLECTANCE VALUES 1. 29 1. 32 1. 36 1.42 1. 53

20/21

#1 KUPARUK

5750 - 5850 ft. eTG KEROGEN INTERPRETED MATURITY: 0.49 Ro Std. Dev. : 0.08

#: 20

15

10

5

o ~ = Maturity Values ~0.35 ~0.50 0.68 ~0.38 ~0.54 0.71 ~0.40 ~0.55 0.74 ~0.41 ~0.56 0.75 ~0.42 ~0.57 0.77 ~8:i~ ~8:~~ 8:~1 ~0.46 ~0.59 0.82 "0.48 ~0.60 0.86 *0.49 0.67 0.88

=lH KUPARUK

0.92 0.92 0.94 0.97 0.98 1: 8, 1.10 1.10 1.16

6400 - 6500 ft. eTG

REFLECTANCE VALUES 1. 24 1. 25 1. 32 1.45 1.49 1.61

KEROGEN INTERPRETED MATURITY: 0.52 Ro Std. Dev. : 0.05

fI: 20'

15

10

5

o ~ = Maturity Values

*0.43 ~0.52 *0.56 ~0.44 ~0.53 *0.58 *0.45 *0.53 ~0.58 *0.45 *0.53 *0.60 ~0.46 *0.54 0.68 *0.48 *0.54 0.71 *0.49 ~0.54 0.72 ~O.50 *0.54 0.76 *0.51 ~0.55 0.78 ~0.52 ~0.56 0.82


0.84 0.88 0.91 0.92 1. 04 1.06 1.19 1. 22 1. 25 1.63

REFLECTANCE VALUES

No. Readings : 19

No. Readings : 24

21121

visual kerogen and vitrinite reflectance data derived from

Documents