visual dictionary- reinforcement
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Visual Dictionary
Reinforcement
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Air Barrier Paper Impermeable to airflow Protects building from the effects of air leakage.
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Attic Ventilation Needed to allow airflow to the attic space
Soffit Vent
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Attic Ventilation
Is needed to allow air to circulate in and out of a gable roof at the ridge
Ridge Vent
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Attic Ventilation Is needed to exhaust excess heat and humidity from an attic
Gable Vent
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Attic Ventilation Is needed to replace hot air from the attic using outside wind
Roof Turbine
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Backhoe A piece of excavating equipment or digger Used for digging into the ground and removing large
amounts of dirt.
22.1inches
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Batter Boards Boards erected at corners of a building Assist in the accurate layout of foundation and
excavation lines
Batter boards
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Brick Arches
Centering- Temporarily used to support an arch until the
arch becomes self-supporting
Keystone Arch
Gothic Arch
Parabolic Arch
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Brick Bonds
English Garden Wall- every 6th row is a stretcher /header Running Bond-every row is a stretcher.
English Garden Wall
Running
Header
Rowlock
Stretcher
Soldier
Sailor
Shiners
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Brick Sizes
Modular Brick- 3 5/8 x 2 1/4 x 7 5/8
Utility Brick-3 5/8 x 11 ½ x 3 5/8
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Bulldozer Large, powerful piece of earth moving equipment
equipped with tracks and a large blade used to push soil, rock, or any other kind of debris.
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Cladding
EIFS
Brick
Wood Shakes
Wood Board
Stone-Random Rubble
Wood shingle – sawn in squares. Wood Shakes – Split, with a rough corrugated surface
Photo illustrates
wood shakes
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Code RequirmentsCode Requirements A minimum clear opening of 5.7 square feet. If it’s on the ground floor, a minimum of 5.0 square feet. Minimum clear opening height of 24” Minimum clear opening width of 20” Bottom of clear opening not more than 44” AFF If bedroom is in the basement: Window well of 9 sq. ft. (36” min. dimension)
My bedroom window passes the IBC requirements. It has 17.5 sq. ft. of
window and 8.75 sq. ft. of clear opening which is more than required. The
opening height is 30” which is more than required. A clear opening width of 36”
which is more than required. The bottom of the clear opening is 24” AFF, which is
also acceptable. IBC Requirements:
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Code Requirements
Code Requirements Treads- 12” Risers- 6” 2’ 7 ½” wide. 2’ 3” height. Area= 5’ 9”. 12” sill AFF. Code: Max sill height of 44” above the floor and a min net opening of 5.7 sq ft. It meets the egress requirement because the opening is larger than 5.7 sq ft. Code: Min 10” Treads and max 7 ¾” risers The stairs meet the IBC because the treads and risers are within the safety range put forth by the code.
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Concrete JointsControl Joint- An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces sp as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.
Isolation Joint- A joint, such as an expansion joint, between two adjacent structures which are not in physical contact. A column is being isolated from a slab.
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Concrete Masonry UnitA block of hardened
concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to
be laid in the same manner as a brick or
stone; a concrete block. Nominal (Typical) CMU
Dimensions- 8” X 8” X 16”
They come in a variety of different sizes 24x4x8
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Concrete Masonry Unit
1 CMU = 3 Bricks
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Decorative Concrete Masonry
Split Block CMU
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Doors1. Panel
2. Stile
3. Top Rail
4. Lock Rail
5. Bottom Rail
Flush Door
Transom- A horizontal bar or crosspiece that
separates a door from a
window over it.
Sidelight- A window or opening in or at the side
of a wall, door, etc.
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Electrical Componets
Power pole with transformer- An electrical device that changes
the voltage of alternating current.
Service Head- A fitting that is placed on the service drop end of service entrance cable and is designed to minimize the amount of moisture that can enter the cable.
Meter- A device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine.
Service Panel- Distributes electrical current to the various circuits within a home.
Duplex Receptacle- Duplex receptacles usually have break-away tabs to separate the top and bottom halves so that the two outlets can be placed on separate circuits.
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Framing Elements
1. Anchor Bolt
2. Sill Plate
3. Floor Joist
4. Subfloor
5. Sole Plate
6. Stud
7. Top Plate
8. Ceiling Joist
9. Rafter
10. Roof Decking
11. Sheathing
12. Stringer
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Front End Loader Primarily used to load material (asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel,
logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc.) into or onto another type of machinery.
Differs from a backhoe and bulldozer by only being able to “scoop” material into its bucket and dump it in another location, not dig holes or scrape off land.
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Gypsum Board
An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces.
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Heat Pump A heat pump extracts cold or hot air from outside and moves it inside. Advantages: one of the most efficient ways to heat and cool a home quickly. Disadvantages: They are noisy and requires bulky ducting.
Compressor/evaporator
Air Handling Unit A usually internal unit that helps move and further heats or cools air once it is pumped through the external unit
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InsulationBatt Insulation Batt insulation is used to easily insulate walls and ceilings in a waterproof environment
Loose Fill Insulation Loose fill insulation is a type insulation that is blown into large areas that are normally to remain unfinished
Rigid Insulation Rigid insulation is used to insulate placed mostly on exteriors beneath the cladding.
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Lintel
Lintel A lintel is a piece of steel used to span an opening and support the weight of the wall above it
Lintel
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Mortar
Concave Mortar Joint. Tooled. Used on a house Type S mortar Joint is 3/8 in thick
Flush Mortar Joint. Tooled. Used on a apartment ½ in joint Type S mortar
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Oriented Strand Board (OSB) OSB is a non-veneered sheet of wood strands oriented for
strength and then bound together under pressure
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Plumbing
Water Closet 3 inch pipe is used to
drain a water closet
Drop-In Sink
Plumbing vent The plumbing vent maintains a system of plumbing drains and waste lines at atmospheric pressure by connecting them to the outside air
Plumbing: Lavatory3-inch drainage pipe
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Plywood
Plywood A number of layers of wood veneer bounded together under pressure Veneer- a thin layer, sheet, or facing
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Radiant Barrier
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Rebar Rebar ¾ in; #6 rebar The purpose of the deformations in the
rebar is to hold the rebar in place once the concrete has been poured and set up around it
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Steep Roof DrainageGutterLocated on the edge of a roof. This collects runoff rainwater and show melt and directs to the downspout.
DownspoutVertical pipe usually located on corners to transfer water from the roof to ground level.
Splash BlockLocated under a downspout. It is used to block erosion from the water coming out of the downspout and to help direct the water away from the building.
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Steep Roof MaterialsUnderlayment Layer of waterproof material between the roofing material and the roof sheathing.
Clay Tile
Water resistant material laid in an overlapping pattern to keep water from going underneath and into the sheathing.
Wood shingles
Metal Panel: Roof Metal roofs are commonly made of galvanized steel or aluminum
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Steep Roof Shapes
Gable
Gambrel
Hip
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Steep Roof TermsRidge- horizontal line at which the rafters of a roof meet
Valley- the depression or angle formed by two inclined sides of a roof meeting
Eave- the overhanging lower edge of a roof
Rake- the downward sloping side of a roof
Fascia- flat horizontal surface at the edge of a roofs eave
Soffit VentSoffit- the underside of an eave
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Stone
Random Ashlar
Coursed Ashlar
Random Rubble
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Vapor retarder
Vapor Retarder Vapor Retarder is a treated paper that is used to prevent water vapor from moving inside the home outside and to stop the condensation of water inside of walls or ceilings It is located on the interior side of the insulation panels
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Waterproofing Waterproofing is protecting the interior of the house also used for
underground leakage and it is loosly laid.
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Weep Hole
A small hole at the base of a wall used to allow condensated water to run down the wall and out of the wall
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Welded Wire Fabric
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Windows
Sliding Windows This is a sliding window because its hung so that when opened one sash stays closed and the other slides horizontally in
a track.
Double Hung Window This is a double hung window because when it is unlocked both the top and bottom sashes slide vertically in tracks to open the window.