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Vision Use the following ppt. to take notes on the structure of the eye. Before you tape the eye diagram into notes take notes on wavelengths (Obj.7) Tape the eye into your notebook. You should label the eye and then define each part underneath your diagram. You will take additional notes on the retina after you define the structures.

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Objective 7: What is the energy we see as visible light? 1.Wavelength1.Wavelength = hue/color distance from 1 wave peak to the next Hue (color) Hue 2. Intensity2. Intensity = brightness the amount of energy in light waves Wave amplitude/height = brightness Frequency of a wave shows us color Height of a wave shows us brightness

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The Physical Property of Waves HUE/ COLORBRIGHTNESS Frequency of a wave shows us color Height of a wave shows us brightness

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Objective 8: Eye Structure Cornea Pupil Pupil Iris Iris Lens Lens accommodation accommodation Retina Retina

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The Structure of the Eye

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Cornea = outer covering of the eye.

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The Structure of the Eye Pupil = the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.

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The Structure of the Eye Iris = a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. The iris dilates/constricts in response to changing light intensity

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The Structure of the Eye Lens = the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.

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The Structure of the Eye Retina = the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.

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The Structure of the Eye Blind Spot = the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there.

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The Structure of the Eye Fovea = the central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster.

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The Structure of the Eye Optic Nerve = the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

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The Retina Rods and Cones RodsCones Rods Cones retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; peripheral & twilight vision, when cones dont respond *work well in dark* retinal receptor cells concentrated near the Center of the retina; function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. Detect fine detail & Color. *doesnt work well in dark *

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Objective 9: Visual Organization Gestalt psychology- Our brains tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes GO TO MY BIG CAMPUS & TAKE NOTES ON THE VIDEOS YOU SEE FOR OBJECTIVES 9 -10-11

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Figure Ground The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)

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Objective 9 Gestalt Psychology Gestalt An organized whole; our brains fill in the missing details Figure-Ground Grouping Grouping Proximity Similarity Closure

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Form Perception Grouping

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Form Perception Grouping - Proximity We group nearby objects together

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Form Perception Grouping - Similarity We group similar objects together

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Form Perception Grouping - Closure We fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object

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Objective 10: Depth Perception Depth perception Depth perception Visual-cliff Visual-cliff The ability to see objects in 3D the images that strike retina are 2D but hit at different times so see depth Biology prepares us to be wary of heights but nonverbal cues matter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6cqNhHrMJA

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Depth Perception Binocular Cues Binocular cues Binocular cues Retinal disparity Retinal disparity Eyes are 2 inches apart Brain compares images to judge how close an object is

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Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Monocular cues Monocular cues Depth cue available to each eye alone Monocular cues Monocular cues Relative height Relative size Interposition Linear perspective Relative motion Light and shadow

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Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Relative Height We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away

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Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Relative Size If we assume 2 objects are similar in size, most people perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away

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Depth Perception Mononocular Cues - Interposition If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer.

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Depth Perception Mononocular Cues Linear Perspective Parallel lines seem to meet in the distance. The sharper the angel of convergence, the greater the perceived distance.

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Perceptual Adaptation The ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field Humans adapt to a distorted world when wearing goggles that shifts location 30 degrees.

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Hearing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsOo 3jzkhYA 29 year old hears for first time http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- GA9gEh1fLs Little Boy hears for first time

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Hearing & Other Senses Objectives 11

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Oval window =middle earconnects to the cochlea Cochlea = a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses. thalamus

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The Ear Perceiving Loudness Brain interprets loudness from the number of activated hair cells Basilar membranes hair cells

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Pain Understanding Pain Gate-control theory Gate-control theory Endorphins Phantom limb sensations http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DAgFwn4-w4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSjwy6Y7Y8M http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=hrqi1B9Xbt0 Phantom Limb Therapy http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=YL_6OMPywnQ Phantom Limb Treatment

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Taste Sweet, sour, salty and bitter Taste buds Age and taste http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =2Fhc0t_QNhs http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=ZC-WfUHUBSw Lemon Babies MSG

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Taste Sensory Interaction Sensory interaction Sensory interaction Interaction of smell and taste McGurk Effect Interaction of other senses synaesthesia http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lN8vWm3m0 McGurk Effect http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r kRbebvoYqI

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Smell Olfaction Chemical sense Oldest sense