vision, mission, program specific outcomes, course objectives… · 2020-01-11 · 2. explain the...

Undergraduate courses

VISION, MISSION, PROGRAM SPECIFICOUTCOMES, COURSE OBJECTIVES, COURSE

OUTCOMES AND SYLLABI

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICSALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

ALIGARH (INDIA)

PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AMU, Aligarh

VISION

The department aims to excel and achieve a prominent status in Physics teachingand research.

MISSION

To build a creative and stimulating environment conducive for teachingand research.

To impart high quality Physics education and equip students for globalPhysics competence.

To promote research and creative activities among faculty and students.

To develop state of art facilities for teaching and research.

To sensitise students to contribute for the welfare of society throughcompetence in Physics.

B.Sc. (HONS.) Physics- PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

Upon completion of the undergraduate honours degree program in Physics at theDepartment of Physics, students will be able to:

1. demonstrate a proficiency in each core area of Physics namely Mechanics,Optics, Thermal Physics, Electricity and Magnetism, Electrodynamics,Electronics, Statistical Physics, Mathematical Physics, ComputationalPhysics and Quantum mechanics.

2. demonstrate skill in using laboratory equipment, tools, materials andcomputer programming and software.

3. demonstrate both an understanding and the practical application of ethicalstandards as well as scientific temperament in public and private life.

4. demonstrate the ability to read, understand, and critically analyze thephysical ideas presented in published textbooks and science magazines atthe undergraduate level.

5. demonstrate the competence for Post Graduate Program in Physics and/orcareers in scientifically oriented jobs in the public or private sector.

Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course OutcomesB.Sc. (Hons.) I Semester (Physics)

Department of PhysicsAligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

Course Title: MECHANICSCourse Number: PHB-152Credits: 04Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures and 08 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course Objectives1. To develop basic understanding of fundamental mechanical concepts and principles

including dynamics and properties of matters, non-inertial systems, central force motion,wave motion and special theory of relativity.

2. To apply mechanical concepts and principles to different mechanical processes andsystems.

Course OutcomesOn completion of the course, students will be able to:

1. understand the concept of work and energy, elasticity, collision, viscosity, dynamics ofrotational bodies, Coriolis force, non-inertial systems, central force motion, wave motionetc.

2. explain the concept of relativity, Lorentz transformations, length contraction, time-dilation.

3. apply the postulates of special theory of relativity to study relativistic transformation ofvelocity, variation of mass with velocity, massless particles and mass-energyequivalence.

(BOS: 30.5.2017)Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) I Semester (Physics)

PHYSICS: MECHANICSPaper Code: PHB-152

(Credits-04)Theory:48 Lectures, Tutorial:08

Unit-I: Dynamics and Properties of MattersFundamentals of Dynamics: Reference frames. Inertial frames; Galilean transformations;Galilean invariance. Dynamics of a system of particles. Centre of Mass (C.O.M.) and Motion ofC.O.M.Work and Energy: Conservative and non-conservative forces. Potential energy. Stable andunstable equilibrium. Force as gradient of potential energy.Collisions: Elastic and inelastic collisions between particles. Centre of Mass and Laboratoryframes.Elasticity: Poisson ratio and determination of Poisson ratio of rubber, Relation between Elasticconstants. Twisting torque on a Cylinder or wire.Fluid Motion: Kinematics of Moving Fluids: Poiseuille’s Equation for Flow of a Liquid througha Capillary tube.

Unit-II: Rotational Dynamics, Non-Inertial Systems and Central Force MotionRotational Dynamics: Angular momentum of a particle and system of particles. Torque,Principle of conservation of angular momentum. Moment of Inertia. Calculation of moment ofinertia for cylindrical and spherical bodies. Kinetic energy of rotation. Motion involving bothtranslation and rotation.Non-Inertial Systems: Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces. Uniformly rotating frame. Lawsof Physics in rotating coordinate systems. Centrifugal force. Coriolis force and its applications.Central Force Motion: Motion of a particle under a central force field: General principle ofcentral force motion, Two-body problem and its reduction to one-body problem, and reducedmass. Differential equation of orbit and its solution and Kepler’s Laws.

Unit-III: Oscillations and WavesOscillations: Simple Harmonic Oscillations. Differential equation of SHM and its solution.Kinetic energy, potential energy, total energy and their time-average values. Transient and steadystates, Damped oscillation. Forced oscillations:, Resonance, sharpness of resonance; powerdissipation and Quality Factor.Wave Motion: Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves. PlaneProgressive (Travelling) Waves. Wave Equation. Particle and Wave Velocities, energy densityand intensity of waves, Differential Equation of waves. Pressure of a Longitudinal Wave.Superposition of Two Harmonic Waves: Standing (Stationary) Waves. Changes of wavecharacteristics (displacement, particle velocity, pressure, phase, etc.) with respect to Position andTime. Phase and Group velocities and relation between them.

Unit-IV: Special Theory of RelativityMichelson-Morley Experiment and its outcome. Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity.Lorentz transformations. Simultaneity and order of events. Lorentz-contraction. Time-dilation.Relativistic transformation of velocity, frequency and wave number. Relativistic addition ofvelocities. Variation of mass with velocity. Massless Particles. Mass-energy Equivalence.Relativistic Doppler effect. Relativistics. energy and momentum transformation.

Reference Books: An introduction to mechanics, D. Kleppner, R.J. Kolenkow, 1973, McGraw-Hill. Mechanics, Berkeley Physics, vol.1, C. Kittel, W. Knight, et.al. 2007, Tata McGraw-

Hill. Physics, Resnick, Halliday and Walker 8/e. 2008, Wiley. Analytical Mechanics, G.R. Fowles and G.L. Cassiday. 2005, Cengage Learning. Feynman Lectures, Vol. I, R.P.Feynman, R.B. Leighton, M. Sands, 2008, Pearson

Education Introduction to Special Relativity, R. Resnick, 2005, John Wiley and Sons. University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons. The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj, 1998, Tata McGraw Hill. Oscillations and Waves. S. Garg, C. K. Ghosh, S. Gupta, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Additional Books for Reference: Mechanics, D.S. Mathur, S. Chand and Company Limited, 2000 University Physics. F.W Sears, M.W Zemansky, H.D Young 13/e, 1986, Addison

Wesley Physics for scientists and Engineers with Modern Phys., J.W. Jewett, R.A. Serway,

2010, Cengage Learning Theoretical Mechanics, M.R. Spiegel, 2006, Tata McGraw Hill. Wave: Berkelay Physics Course, vol. 3, Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill

Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course OutcomesB.Sc. (Hons.) II Semester (Physics)


Course Title: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM-ICourse Number: PHB-252Credits: 04Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures and 08 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop the understanding of the various concepts related to electrostatics, magnetostatics,electric circuits and networks and dielectric and magnetic properties of materials.

Course OutcomesOn completion of this course students will be able to:

1. apply Coulomb's law and Gauss' law for the electrostatic force.2. explain the relationship between electrostatic field and electrostatic potential.3. use the Lorentz force law for the magnetic force and solve the related problems.4. use Ampere's law to calculate magnetic fields.5. understand dielectric and magnetic properties of matter.6. use various network theorems to solve complex electrical circuits.

(BOS: 30.5.2017)Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) II Semester (Physics)

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM-IPaper Code: PHB-252

(Credits: Theory-04)Theory:48 Lectures, Tutorial:08

Unit-I: Electric Field and Electric PotentialElectric field: Electric field lines. Electric flux. Gauss’ Law. Conservative nature of ElectrostaticField. Electrostatic Potential. Multipole expansion of electrostatic potential, dipole, linearquadrupole and potential due to it. Laplace’s and Poisson equations. The Uniqueness Theorem.Electrostatic energy of system of charges. Electrostatic energy of a charged sphere. Conductors inan electrostatic Field. Method of Images and its application to: (1) Plane Infinite Sheet and (2)Sphere.

Unit-II: Magnetic FieldMagnetic Force on (1) point charge (2) current carrying wire (3) between current elements.Definition of B, Properties of B: Curl and Divergence, Vector potential, Gauss’ law ofmagnetostatics Torque on a current loop in a uniform Magnetic Field, Current Loop as a MagneticDipole and its Dipole Moment (Analogy with Electric Dipole), magnetic moment and angularmomentum. Ampere’s Circuital Law and its application to (1) Solenoid and (2) Toroid.

Unit-III: Dielectric & Magnetic Properties of MatterDielectric Properties of Matter: Electric Field in matter. Polarization, Polarization Charges.Electrical Susceptibility and Dielectric Constant. Capacitance of an isolated conductor. Capacitor(parallel plate, spherical, cylindrical) filled with dielectric. Displacement vector D. Relationsbetween E, P and D. Gauss’ Law in dielectrics.Magnetic Properties of Matter: Three magnetic vectors B, M and H and relation among them.Magnetic Susceptibility and permeability, Gauss’s law of magnetostatics. Theory of magnetism(Qualitative idea), Curie-Weiss law of ferromagnetism, B-H curves: hysteresis anddemagnetization.

Unit-IV: Electrical Circuits and Network Theorems and Electromagnetic WavesElectromagnetic Waves: Maxwell’s Equations. Displacement current. Wave Equations. PlaneWaves in Dielectric Media. Poynting Theorem and Poynting Vector.Electrical Circuits: AC Circuits: Kirchhoff’s laws for AC circuits. Complex Reactance andImpedance.Series LCR Circuit: (1) Resonance, (2) Power Dissipation and (3) Quality Factor, and (4) BandWidth. Parallel LCR Circuit.Network theorems: Ideal Constant-voltage and Constant-current Sources. Network Theorems:Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem, Superposition theorem, Maximum Power Transfer theorem.Applications to dc circuits.

Reference Books: Fundamentals of Physics: Electricity and Magnetism, Halliday, Resnick, Walker, 2011,

Wiley India pvt. Ltd. Electricity and Magnetism, Edward M. Purcell, 1986 McGraw-Hill Education Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths, 3rd Edn., 1998, Benjamin Cummings. Feynman Lectures Vol.2, R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton, M. Sands, 2008, Pearson

Education Electricity and Magnetism, Chattopadhyay, D. and Rakshit, P.C. (New Central Book

Agency (P) Ltd.) Electricity and Magnetism, K. K. Tewari, S. Chand & Company Ltd.

Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course OutcomesB.Sc. (Hons.) III Semester (Physics)


Course Title: WAVES AND OPTICSCourse Number: PHB-351Credits: 02Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures and 04 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesOptics is one of the basic bones of physics and is at the heart of all modern imaging andcommunications technologies. This course provides students with an understanding of opticalphenomena based on the wave description of light. The principles of polarization, interferenceand diffraction will be fully developed and optical devices that use these properties of light willbe described.


1. use the principles of wave motion and superposition to explain the physics ofpolarization, interference and diffraction.

2. understand the idea of various kinds of polarization of light wave and their detection.3. get an idea of diffraction phenomenon and to study Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction.4. Apply the idea of spatial and temporal coherence for the formation of interference fringes

as well as to study the formation of fringes of equal inclination and equal thickness.5. describe the operation of optical devices including, polarisers, retarders, and

inteferometers.

Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) III Semester (Physics)WAVES AND OPTICSPaper Code: PHB-351


Unit-I: Superposition of Harmonic Oscillations and Harmonic WavesSuperposition of Collinear Harmonic oscillations: Linearity and Superposition Principle.Superposition of two collinear oscillations having (1) equal frequencies and (2) differentfrequencies (Beats). Superposition of N collinear Harmonic Oscillations with (1) equal phasedifferences and (2) equal frequency differences.Superposition of two perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations: Graphical and AnalyticalMethods. Lissajous Figures (1:1 and 1:2) and their uses.

Unit-II: Polarization of electromagnetic wavesDescription of Linear, Circular and Elliptical Polarization. Uniaxial and Biaxial Crystals. LightPropagation in Uniaxial Crystal. Double Refraction. Polarization by Double Refraction. NicolPrism. Ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices. Production and detection of Plane,Circularly and Elliptically Polarized Light. Phase Retardation Plates: Quarter-Wave and Half-Wave Plates. Analysis of Polarized Light. Rotatory Polarization.

Unit-III: InterferenceWave Optics: Definition and properties of wave front. Huygens Principle. Temporal and SpatialCoherence.Interference: Division of amplitude and wavefront. Fresnel’s Biprism. Fringes of equalinclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton’s Rings.Measurement of wavelength and refractive index.Interferometer: Michelson Interferometer- Idea of form of fringes (No theory required),Determination of Wavelength, Wavelength Difference, Fabry-Perot interferometer.

Unit-IV: DiffractionFraunhofer diffraction: Review of single slit and double slit. Circular aperture(qualitative),Multiple slits. Diffraction grating. Resolving power of grating.Fresnel Diffraction: Fresnel’s Half-Period Zones for Plane Wave. Zone Plate: Multiple Foci ofa Zone Plate. Fresnel diffraction pattern of a straight edge.

Reference Books: Fundamentals of Optics, F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, 1981, McGraw-Hill Principles of Optics, Max Born and Emil Wolf, 7th Edn., 1999, Pergamon Press. Optics, Ajoy Ghatak, 2008, Tata McGraw Hill The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons. The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj, 1998, Tata McGraw Hill.

Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course OutcomesB.Sc. (Hons.) III Semester (Physics)


Course Title: ANALOG SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONSCourse Number: PHB-353Credits: 02Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures and 04 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo empower students to understand the design and working of BJT, FETs, amplifiers,oscillators and Operational Amplifier.


1. understand the design and working of BJT and FETs and its biasing.2. observe the performance of transistor amplifier under sinusoidal signal.3. design RC coupled amplifier circuit using BJTs and observe its amplitude and

frequency response.4. observe the effect of negative feedback on different parameters of an Amplifier5. observe the effect of positive feedback and able to design different Oscillators6. understand ideal and practical characteristics of operational amplifier and various

applications of OP-AMP.

(BOS: 30.5.2017)Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) III Semester (Physics)ANALOG SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS-I

Paper Code: PHB-353


Unit-I: Bipolar Junction Transistors and Amplifiersn-p-n and p-n-p Transistors. Physical Mechanism of Current Flow. Characteristics of CB, CEand CC Configurations. Active, Cutoff and Saturation Regions. Current gains α and β.Relations between α and β. h-parameter Equivalent Circuit. Analysis of a single-stage CEamplifier using Hybrid Model. Input and Output Impedance. Current, Voltage and PowerGains.

Unit-II: Transistor Biasing and FeedbackLoad Line analysis of Transistors. DC Load line and Q-point. Fixed Bias and VoltageDivider Bias.Principle of Feedback. Effects of Negative Feedback on Input Impedance, Output Impedance,Gain, Stability, Distortion and Noise.

Unit-III: RC Coupled Amplifiers, FET and OscillatorsRC-coupled amplifier and its frequency response.Construction of JFET. Idea of Channel Formation. Different Regions of I-V Curves.Definitions of rd and gm. Basic construction of MOSFET and its Working, Enhancement andDepletion Modes.Barkhausen's Criterion for self-sustained oscillations. RC Phase shift oscillator, Hartleyoscillators.

Unit-IV: Operational Amplifier and its ApplicationsOperational Amplifiers (Black Box approach). Characteristics of an Ideal and Practical Op-Amp. (IC 741). CMRR. Slew Rate and concept of Virtual ground.(1) Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, (2) Adder, (3) Subtractor, (4) Differentiator, (5)Integrator, (6) Log amplifier, (7) Zero crossing detector (8) Wein bridge oscillator.

Reference Books: Elements of Electronics, M.K. Bagde, S.P. Singh and Kamal Singh, 2002, S. Chand &

Company Ltd. Integrated Electronics, J. Millman and C.C. Halkias, 1991, Tata Mc-Graw Hill. Electronics: Fundamentals and Applications, J.D. Ryder, 2004, Prentice Hall. OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit, R. A. Gayakwad, 4th edition, 2000, Prentice

Hall Electronic Devices, 7/e Thomas L. Floyd, 2008, Pearson India

Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course OutcomesB.Sc. (Hons.) IV Semester (Physics)


Course Title: THERMAL PHYSICSCourse Number: PHB-452Credits: 02Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures and 04 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop comprehension of fundamental thermodynamic concepts and principles includingbehaviour of real and ideal gases, and to apply them to different thermodynamics processesand systems.


1. apply the First law of Thermodynamics and calculate Heat, Internal Energy, Work invarious thermodynamical processes and systems.

2. explain the concepts of Reversibility, Irreversibility, Carnot cycle, Entropy, Clausiustheorem, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of Second law of Thermodynamics,Thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell’s relations.

3. estimate the entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes.4. calculate the different measures of speeds in the Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution of

velocities and derive the transport coefficients of Thermal conductivity, Viscosity andDiffusion in ideal gases.

5. describe the behaviour of real gases and obtain the critical constants of the gas.

Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) IV Semester (Physics)THERMAL PHYSICSPaper Code: PHB-452


Unit-I: Zeroth and First Law of ThermodynamicsExtensive and intensive Thermodynamic Variables, Thermodynamic Equilibrium, Zeroth Lawof Thermodynamics and Concept of Temperature, Concept of Work and Heat, State Functions,First Law of Thermodynamics and its differential form, Internal Energy, Applications of FirstLaw: General Relation between CP and CV, Work Done during Isothermal and AdiabaticProcesses.

Unit-II: Second Law of ThermodynamicsReversible and Irreversible processes. Carnot Cycle, Carnot engine, Refrigerator. Second Law:Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements and their Equivalence. Concept of Entropy, ClausiusTheorem & Inequality, Second Law in terms of Entropy, Entropy Changes in Reversible andIrreversible processes, Temperature–Entropy diagrams. Third Law. ThermodynamicPotentials: Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Helmholtz & Gibb’s Functions, Maxwell’s Relations.

Unit-III: Kinetic Theory of GasesDistribution of Velocities: Maxwell-Boltzmann Law of Distribution of Velocities in an IdealGas. Mean, RMS and Most Probable Speeds. Degrees of Freedom. Law of Equipartition ofEnergy (No proof required). Molecular Collisions: Mean Free Path. Estimates of Mean FreePath. Transport Phenomenon in Ideal Gases: (1) Viscosity, (2) Thermal Conductivity and (3)Diffusion

Unit-IV: Real GasesBehavior of Real Gases. Critical Constants. Van der Waal’s Equation of State for Real Gases.Values of Critical Constants. Law of Corresponding States. Joule-Thomson Porous PlugExperiment. Joule-Thomson Effect for Real and Van der Waal Gases. Joule-Thomson Cooling.

Reference Books: Heat and Thermodynamics, M.W. Zemansky, Richard Dittman, 1981, McGraw-Hill. A Treatise on Heat, Meghnad Saha, and B.N. Srivastava, 1958, Indian Press Classical and Quantum Thermal Physics, R. Prasad, 2016, Cambridge University Press Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, 2009, Springer. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory & Statistical Thermodynamics, Sears & Salinger. 1988,

Narosa. Concepts in Thermal Physics, S.J. Blundell and K.M. Blundell, 2nd Ed., 2012, Oxford

University Press.



Course Title: ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICSCourse Number: PHB-453Credits: 02Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures and 04 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop comprehension of fundamentals of Modern Physics and introductory course on Nuclear,Particle and Laser physics.


1. understand de Broglie wavelength and dual nature of matter. Able to calculate problemsrelated to dual nature and Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

2. able to calculate eigen values for operators like momentum, energy etc.3. apply non-relativistic steady state Schrödinger’s equation’s for one dimensional problems

related to infinite and finite potentials.4. estimate the structure of nucleus and apply the laws of radioactivity for alpha, beta and

gamma decay.5. understand the basic features of particle interactions and apply the basic classification for

elementary particles.6. calculate the Einstein’s A and B coefficient using semi-classical theory for lasers.

Realization of three-level and four-level transitions in Ruby and He-Ne lasers.

(BOS: 30.5.2017)Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) IV Semester (Physics)

ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS – IPaper Code: PHB-453

(Credits-02)Theory:24 Lectures, Tutorials:04

Unit-I: Quantum Mechanics-IBlackbody Radiation: Planck's concept, Planck’s radiation formula; Quantum theory of light:Photo-electric effect and Compton scattering; De Broglie wavelength and matter waves; wave-particle duality, Heisenberg uncertainty principle and its applications.

Unit-II: Quantum Mechanics-IIPhysical interpretation of wave function, probabilities and normalization; Schrodinger equation fornon-relativistic particles (steady-state form); momentum and energy operators; stationary states;probability current densities in one dimension.One dimensional infinitely rigid box- energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, normalization, idea ofquantum mechanical tunneling.

Unit-III: Nuclear and Particle PhysicsNuclear Structure and Transformation: Size and structure of atomic nucleus; NZ graph, bindingenergy. Radioactivity: radioactive decay, mean life and half-life; idea of alpha decay; beta decay-energy released, gamma decay.Particle physics: Particle interactions and their basic features, Leptons, Hadrons.

Unit-IV: LasersLasers: Characteristics of laser beam, spontaneous and stimulated emissions, optical pumping andpopulation inversion, Einstein’s A and B coefficients. Metastable states, three-level and four-levellasers (Qualitative); Ruby laser and He-Ne laser; Applications of lasers.

Reference Books: Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, 2002, McGraw-Hill. Introduction to Modern Physics, Rich Meyer, Kennard, Coop, 2002, Tata McGraw Hill Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffith, 2005, Pearson Education. Physics for scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Jewett and Serway, 2010,

Cengage Learning. Quantum Mechanics: Theory & Applications, A.K. Ghatak & S. Lokanathan, 2004,

Macmillan Modern Physics: Kenneth S. Krane, 1996, John Wiley & Sons.

Additional Books for Reference: Modern Physics, J.R. Taylor, C.D. Zafiratos, M.A. Dubson, 2004, PHI Learning. Theory and Problems of Modern Physics, Schaum`s outline, R. Gautreau and W. Savin,

2nd Edn, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. Quantum Physics, Berkeley Physics, Vol.4. E.H. Wichman, 1971, Tata McGraw-Hill Co. Basic ideas and concepts in Nuclear Physics, K. Heyde, 3rd Edn., Institute of Physics Pub. Six Ideas that Shaped Physics: Particle Behave like Waves, T.A. Moore



Course Title: ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICSCourse Number: PHB-491Credits: 02Type of course: Open Elective (Theory)Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures and 04 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop comprehension of fundamentals of Modern Physics and introductory course on Nuclear,Particle and Laser physics.


1. comprehend quantum nature of light and able to apply it on Compton scattering and pairproduction. Confirmation of de-Broglie hypothesis through Davisson-Germer experiment.

2. calculate the normalization of wave function and probability density.3. apply non-relativistic steady state Schrödinger’s equation’s for one dimensional particle in a

box and harmonic oscillator.4. use semi-classical theory for lasers to understand stimulated and spontaneous emission and

absorption and use it to obtain optical pumping and population inversion. Realization ofthree-level and four-level transitions in Ruby and He-Ne lasers.

5. apply the laws of radioactivity for alpha, beta and gamma decay and calculate half-life ofradioactive nucleus.

6. understand the basic features of particle interactions and apply the basic classification forelementary particles based on different quantum numbers.

(BOS: 30.5.2017)Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) IV Semester (Physics)

ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICSPaper Code: PHB-491

(FOR STUDENTS OF OTHER MAINS)(Credits-02)

Theory:24 Lectures, Tutorials:04

Unit-I: Particle and WavesPhotoelectric effect. Quantum Theory of Light. Compton effect. Pair production. X-RayDiffraction. De Broglie waves. Davisson-Germer experiment.

Unit-II: Quantum MechanicsWave Function, Normalization, Probability, Schrödinger’s equation, expectation value. Particle in abox. Harmonic oscillator.

Unit-III: LasersSome remarkable properties of light beam, stimulated absorption, spontaneous emission,stimulated emission, pumping, population inversion, three-level laser, four-level laser, ruby laser,helium-neon gas laser.

Unit-IV: Nuclear Physics and Elementary ParticlesNuclear Physics: Radioactive decay, half-life, radiometric dating, alpha decay, beta decay, gammadecay, nuclear fission, nuclear reactors, fusion reactors.Elementary Particles: Interactions and particles, leptons, hadrons, elementary particle quantumnumbers, quarks.

Reference Books: Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, 2002, McGraw-Hill. Introduction to Modern Physics, Rich Meyer, Kennard, Coop, 2002, Tata McGraw Hill Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffith, 2005, Pearson Education. Physics for scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Jewett and Serway, 2010,

Cengage Learning. Quantum Mechanics: Theory & Applications, A.K. Ghatak & S. Lokanathan, 2004,

Macmillan.

Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course OutcomesB.Sc. (Hons.) V Semester (Physics)


Course Title: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICSCourse Number: PHB-551Credits: 04Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures and 08 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop required mathematical skills in the area of complex functions, special functions, integraltransformations and vector calculus.


1. understand the complex variables and complex function and use it to calculate residue anddefinite integrals.

2. solve problems related with vector calculus with the help of differential operators likegradient, curl, divergence and Laplacian.

3. apply the Fourier series to expand the (arbitrary)periodic functions.4. apply the integral transformations like Fourier and Laplace transformations to solve

differential equations.5. work with the special functions like Legendre, Hermite, Laguerre and Bessel function and

solve the second order differential equation using Frobenius Method.

(BOS: 21.05.18)Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) V Semester (Physics)

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICSPaper Code: PHB-551


Unit-I: Complex AnalysisFunctions of Complex Variables. Analyticity and Cauchy-Riemann Conditions. Examples of analyticfunctions. Singular functions: poles and branch points, order of singularity, branch cuts. Integrationof a function of a complex variable. Cauchy's Inequality. Cauchy’s Integral formula. Simply andmultiply connected region. Laurent and Taylor’s expansion. Residues and Residue Theorem.Application in solving Definite Integrals.

Unit-II: Vector Calculus and Orthogonal Curvilinear CoordinatesVector Differentiation: Directional derivatives and normal derivative. Gradient of a scalar field andits geometrical interpretation. Divergence and curl of a vector field. Del and Laplacian operators.Vector identities, Gradient, divergence, curl and Laplacian in spherical and cylindrical coordinates.Vector Integration: Flux of a vector field. Gauss' divergence theorem, Green's and Stokes Theoremsand their applications (no rigorous proofs).Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates: Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates. Derivation of Gradient,Divergence, Curl and Laplacian in Cartesian, Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinate Systems.

Unit-III: Fourier Series, and Integrals TransformsFourier Series: Dirichlet Conditions (Statement only). Expansion of periodic functions in a seriesof sine and cosine functions and determination of Fourier coefficients. Complex representation ofFourier series. Expansion of functions with arbitrary period.Integrals Transforms: Fourier Transforms: Fourier Integral theorem. Fourier Transform. Examples.Fourier transform of trigonometric, Gaussian, finite wave train & other functions. Three dimensionalFourier transforms with examples. Application of Fourier Transforms to differential equations: Onedimensional Wave and Diffusion/Heat Flow Equations.Laplace Transforms: Laplace Transform (LT) of Elementary functions. Properties of LTs: Change ofScale Theorem, Shifting Theorem. LTs of Derivatives and Integrals of Functions, Derivatives andIntegrals of LTs. LT of Unit Step function, Dirac Delta function, Periodic Functions. ConvolutionTheorem. Inverse LT. Application of Laplace Transforms to Differential Equations: DampedHarmonic Oscillator, Simple Electrical Circuits.

Unit-IV: Frobenius Method and Special FunctionsLegendre, Bessel, Hermite and Laguerre Differential Equations. Properties of Legendre Polynomials:Rodrigues Formula, Generating Function, Orthogonality. Simple recurrence relations. Expansion offunction in a series of Legendre Polynomials. Bessel Functions of the First Kind: GeneratingFunction, simple recurrence relations. Zeros of Bessel Functions and Orthogonality.

Reference Books: Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G.B. Arfken, H.J. Weber, F.E. Harris, 2013, 7th Edn.,

Elsevier. An introduction to ordinary differential equations, E.A. Coddington, 2009, PHI learning Differential Equations, George F. Simmons, 2007, McGraw Hill. Mathematical Tools for Physics, James Nearing, 2010, Dover Publications. Mathematical methods for Scientists and Engineers, D.A. McQuarrie, 2003, Viva Book

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, D.G. Zill and W.S. Wright, 5 Ed., 2012, Jones andBartlett Learning

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, 2008, Wiley India. Essential Mathematical Methods, K.F. Riley & M.P. Hobson, 2011, Cambridge Univ. Fourier Analysis by M.R. Spiegel, 2004, Tata McGraw-Hill. Mathematics for Physicists, Susan M. Lea, 2004, Thomson Brooks/Cole. Differential Equations, George F. Simmons, 2006, Tata McGraw-Hill. Partial Differential Equations for Scientists & Engineers, S.J. Farlow, 1993, Dover Pub.



Course Title: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONSCourse Number: PHB-552Credits: 04Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures and 08 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo acquire basic understanding of the principles and applications of Quantum Mechanics andQuantum Computation.


1. show an understanding of the formalism of quantum mechanics and elementary features ofQuantum Computation.

2. use the mathematical tools needed to solve quantum mechanics problems. This will includecomplex functions and Hilbert spaces, operators, wave functions and uncertainty relations.Methods to solve differential equations that arise in quantum mechanics using Frobeniusmethod will also be studied.

3. solve the Schrödinger equation to obtain wave functions for some basic, physically importanttypes of potential in one dimension, and estimate the shape of the wave functions.

4. solve Schrödinger equations in three dimensions using the technique of separation ofvariables to describe the structure of the hydrogen atom and evaluate quantization of angularmomentum.

5. describe the differences between quantum and classical computation and demonstrateunderstanding of concepts of tensor products, entanglement, Bloch sphere, no cloningtheorem and quantum gates in various representations.

(BOS: 21.05.18)

Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) V Semester (Physics)QUANTUM MECHANICS AND APPLICATIONS

Paper Code: PHB-552(Credits-04)

Theory:48 Lectures, Tutorials:08

Unit-I: Mathematical tools and Postulates of Quantum MechanicsHilbert Space, Wave functions and its properties, Operators, Hermitian, Unitary, CommutatorAlgebra, Eigenvalues and Eigen functions, Dirac Bra Ket Notation, Postulates of QuantumMechanics, Observables and operators, Expectation Values, Time dependent Schrodinger equation,General solution in terms of linear combinations of stationary states, Application to spread ofGaussian wave-packet for a free particle in one dimension, wave packets.

Unit-II: Tunnelling, Finite Square Well Potential & Harmonic OscillatorTunnelling through Potential Step, Potential Barrier, Finite one-dimensional problem-square wellpotential, Bound state solutions, Solution of simple harmonic oscillator- Energy levels and Eigenfunctions using Frobenious method, Hermite polynomials; Ground state, Zero point energy

Unit-III: Quantum Theory of Hydrogen AtomTime independent Schrodinger equation in spherical polar coordinates; Separation of variables forsecond order partial differential equation; Angular momentum operator and quantum numbers;Radial wave functions from Special function, Shapes of the probability densities for ground and firstexcited states, Concept of spin and Stern-Gerlach experiment

Unit-IV: Quantum ComputationComplex Vector Space, Inner Product and Hilbert Space, Tensor product of Vector Spaces, Bits andand Qubits, Classical Gates, Reversible Gates, Landauer Principle, Toffoli and Fredkin Gates,Quantum Gates, Bloch Sphere, Universal Quantum Gates, Hadamard, Controlled Not and Phaseshift Gates, Deutsch Gate, No Cloning theorem (idea)

Reference Books: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, D.J. Griffith, 2nd Ed. 2005, Pearson Education Quantum Mechanics - Concepts and Applications, N Zettili , 2009, Wiley. QuantumMechanics Theory and Applications by A Ghatak & S Lokanathan, McGraw Hill Ed. Quantum Computing For Computer Scientists N.S. Yanofsky & M A Mannucci, CambridgeUniversity Press, 2008



Course Title: SOLID STATE PHYSICSCourse Number: PHB-553Credits: 02Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures and 04 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectiveTo convey an understanding of how solid state physics has contributed to the existence of anumber of important technological developments. Students will also gain knowledge of basictheories of electronic structure and physical properties of solids.


1. understand the crystal structures through crystallographic parameters.2. differentiate between different types of matter depending on the nature of chemical

bonds and their properties.3. learn the influence of lattice vibrations on the thermal behavior of solids.4. evaluate the electrical and optical properties of solids.5. understand the origin of energy bands, and describe theories of semiconductors.

(BOS: 21.05.18)Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) V Semester (Physics)

SOLID STATE PHYSICSPaper Code: PHB-553


Unit-I Crystal StructureAmorphous and crystalline materials; Concept of lattice, unit cell, Wigner-Seitz cell, Bravaislattices, Crystal planes and Miller indices, Interplanar spacing; Packing fraction for sc, bccand fcc structures; Common crystal structures (NaCl and CsCl); Concept of reciprocal lattice,X-ray diffraction and Bragg’s law.

Unit-II Crystal bonding and Lattice DynamicsBonding in solids: Interatomic forces and cohesive energy; ionic, covalent, metallic, van derWaals’ and hydrogen bonds.Elementary Lattice Dynamics: Lattice vibrations, linear one dimensional monatomic anddiatomic chains, acoustical and optical branches; Dulong and Petit’s law, Einstein and Debyetheories of specific heat of solids.

Unit- III Magnetic Properties of Materials and SuperconductivityMagnetic Properties: Dia-, para-, ferro-, antiferro- and ferrimagnetisms (qualitative only);Langevin classical theory of dia and paramagnetism; Weiss’s theory of ferromagnetism andferromagnetic domains; hysteresis loop.Superconductivity: Discovery of superconductivity, Meissner effect, Critical magnetic field,persistent current, penetration depth, type I and type II superconductors; idea of BCS theory.

Unit- IV Free electron and Band theories of SolidsDrude model: Electrical and thermal conductivities of metals, Hall effect: Hall coefficient andApplications; Failure of free electron theory; Band theory: Kronig Penny model, bandstructure of conductor, semiconductor (p and n type) and insulator.

References Books: Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, 8th Edition, 2004, Wiley India Pvt.

Ltd. Elements of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2nd Edition, 2006, Prentice-Hall of

India Solid State Physics, N.W. Ashcroft and N.D. Mermin, 1976, Cengage Learning Elementary Solid State Physics, 1/e M. Ali Omar, 1999, Pearson India Solid State Physics, M.A. Wahab, 2011, Narosa Publication



Course Title: APPLIED OPTICSCourse Number: PHB-554Credits: 02Type of course: Ability Enhancement Elective (Theory)Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures and 04 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop the basic understanding and concept of applied optics and to apply them in designingof various optical instruments and detectors such as laser, photodiodes, holograms, optical fiberand optical sensors


1. understand the basic concept of working of laser and optical detectors2. explain the principle and theory of holography and types of holograms as well as its

application in microscopy and interferometery.3. get an idea of various parameters of optical fiber and their uses as sensors.4. learn the concept of spatial frequency filtering and Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and

its application in image processing.

(BOS: 21.05.18)Syllabus for B.Sc. (Hons.) V Semester (Physics)

APPLIED OPTICSPaper Code: PHB-554


Unit-I: Sources and DetectorsLasers: Spontaneous and stimulated emissions, Theory of laser action, Einstein’s coefficients,Light amplification, Characterization of laser beam, Semiconductor lasers. Detectors: Lightdependent resistor (LDR) and photodiode.

Unit-II: HolographyBasic Principle and Theory: Coherence, Resolution, Recording and reconstruction processes ofhologram, Types of holograms, White light reflection hologram, Application of holography inmicroscopy and interferometry.

Unit-III: PhotonicsFibre Optics: Optical fibres and their properties, Principle of light propagation through a fibre,Numerical aperture, Attenuation in optical fibre and attenuation limit, Single mode andmultimode fibres, Fibre optic sensors: Liquid level sensor and fibre Bragg grating.

Unit-IV: Fourier Optics and Fourier Transform SpectroscopyFourier Optics: Concept of Spatial frequency filtering, Fourier transforming property of a thinlens.Fourier Transform Spectroscopy: Representation of spectra, Basic elements of absorption andemission spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTS) and its applications.

Reference Books: Fundamental of Optics, F. A. Jenkins & H. E. White, 1981, Tata McGraw hill. LASERS: Fundamentals & Applications, K.Thyagrajan &A. K. Ghatak, 2010, Tata

McGraw Hill Optics, A. Ghatak, 2010, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd. Fibre optics through experiments, M. R. Shenoy, S. K. Khijwania, et.al. 2009, Viva

Books Nonlinear Optics, Robert W. Boyd, (Chapter-I), 2008, Elsevier. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, C. N. Benwell and E. M. McCash, 2013,

McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd. Solid state electronic devices, B. G. Streetman and S. K. Banerjee, 2009, PHI Learning

Pvt. Ltd. Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, S. C. Gupta, 2005, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Optical Physics, A. Lipson, S. G. Lipson, H. Lipson, 4th Edn., 1996, Cambridge Univ.

Press



Course Title: DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONSCourse Number: PHB-555Credits: 02Type of course: Elective (Theory)Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures and 04 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo study CRO, analog and digital ICs, and to have the detail knowledge of combinational andsequential logic circuits and their applications.


1. understand about the CROs, analog and digital ICs and number conversion and their use.2. study the boolean algebra and know the link between boolean algebra and logic gates.3. study how the gates is used as a data processing circuit in combinational logic circuits.4. study in detail about sequential logic circuit and their use as flip-flops, digital counters,

shift registers and timer.5. learn computer organization, microprocessor and assemble language and their use.

Syllabus for B.Sc. (Hons.) V Semester (Physics)DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS


Theory:48 Lectures, Tutorial:08

Unit-I: CRO, ICs and Digital CircuitsIntroduction to CRO: Block Diagram of CRO. Electron Gun, Deflection System and Time Base.Deflection Sensitivity. Applications of CRO: (1) Study of Waveform, (2) Measurement of Voltage,Current, Frequency, and Phase Difference.Integrated Circuits (Qualitative treatment only): Active & Passive components. Discretecomponents. Wafer. Chip. Advantages and drawbacks of ICs. Scale of integration: SSI, MSI, LSIand VLSI (basic idea and definitions only). Classification of ICs. Examples of Linear and DigitallCs.Digital Circuits: Difference between Analog and Digital Circuits. Binary Numbers. Decimal toBinary and Binary to Decimal Conversion. BCD, Octal and Hexadecimal numbers. AND, OR andNOT Gates (realization using Diodes and Transistor). NAND and NOR Gates as Universal Gates.XOR and XNOR Gates and application as Parity Checkers.

Unit-II: Boolean algebra, Data processing circuits and Arithmetic CircuitsBoolean algebra: De Morgan's Theorems. Boolean Laws. Simplification of Logic Circuit usingBoolean Algebra. Fundamental Products. Idea of Minterms and Maxterms. Conversion of a Truthtable into Equivalent Logic Circuit by (1) Sum of Products Method and (2) Karnaugh Map.Data processing circuits: Basic idea of Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders.Arithmetic Circuits: Binary Addition. Binary Subtraction using 2's Complement. Half and FullAdders. Half & Full Subtractors, 4-bit binary Adder/Subtractor.

Unit-III: Sequential Circuits and TimersSequential Circuits: SR, D, and JK Flip-Flops. Clocked (Level and Edge Triggered) Flip-Flops.Preset and Clear operations. Race-around conditions in JK Flip-Flop. M/S JK Flip-Flop.Shift registers: Serial-in-Serial-out, Serial-in-Parallel-out, Parallel-in-Serial-out and Parallel-in-Parallel-out Shift Registers (only up to 4 bits).Counters (4 bits): Ring Counter. Asynchronous counters, Decade Counter. Synchronous Counter.Timers: IC555: block diagram and applications: Astable multivibrator and Monostablemultivibrator.

Unit-IV: Computer Organization, Microprocessor and Assembly LanguageComputer Organization: Input/Output Devices. Data storage (idea of RAM and ROM).Computer memory. Memory organization & addressing. Memory Interfacing. Memory Map.Intel 8085 Microprocessor Architecture: Main features of 8085. Block diagram. Components.Pin-out diagram. Buses. Registers. ALU. Memory. Stack memory. Timing & Control circuitry.Timing states. Instruction cycle, Timing diagram of MOV and MVI.Introduction to Assembly Language: 1 byte, 2 byte & 3 byte instructions.

Reference Books: Digital Principles and Applications, A.P. Malvino, D.P.Leach and Saha, 7th Ed., 2011,

Tata McGraw Fundamentals of Digital Circuits, Anand Kumar, 2nd Edn, 2009, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Digital Circuits and systems, Venugopal, 2011, Tata McGraw Hill. Digital Systems: Principles & Applications, R.J.Tocci, N.S.Widmer, 2001, PHI Learning Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer. Digital Electronics, Subrata

Ghoshal, 2012, Cengage Learning. Microprocessor Architecture Programming & applications with 8085, 2002, R.S. Goankar,

Prentice Hall.



Course Title: PHYSICS OF DEVICES AND INSTRUMENTSCourse Number: PHB-Credits: 04Type of course: Elective (Theory)Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures and 08 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop comprehension of fundamental concepts of electronic devices and their applications.


1. learn about the transistors and other semiconductor devices, like MOS, MOSFET,CMOS etc.

2. explain the Power Supply, Integrated Circuit Regulators and various Filters.3. learn the use of transistors as Multivibrators and to understand the basic principles of

Phase Locked Loop, Loop Filter circuits, transient response and basic idea of PLL IC.4. understand the basic process for IC fabrication, Oxide layer, Oxidation technique for

Si and Metallization technique.5. understand the Serial Communications and details of USB, GPIB and basic idea of

sending data through a COM port.6. develop the idea of Communication Systems. Block diagram, Amplitude

modulation/demodulation, Phase, Pulse.



Course Title: NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICSCourse Number: PHB-557Credits: 04Type of course: Elective (Theory)Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures and 08 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course Objectives1. To develop basic understanding of fundamental concepts of properties of nuclei,

radioactive decay and interaction of nuclear radiation with matter.2. To understand various types of particles and their properties, basic interactions,

conservation laws, concepts of spin and parity of particles, resonance particles and quarkmodel.


1. understand the concept of nuclear structure, radioactive decay and interaction of nuclearradiation with matter.

2. detect nuclear radiations using gas filled detectors, G.M counter, ionization chamber.scintillation detectors, semi-Conductor (SC) detectors and sensitive gas filled detectors.

3. explain the nature of interaction and their mediating quanta, conservation laws.4. apply basic interactions to understand types of particles and its families, idea of resonances,

spins and parity of pions, concept of Quark model.

Syllabus for B.Sc. (Hons.) V Semester (Physics)NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS


Theory:48 Lectures Tutorials:08

Unit I: General properties of nuclei: Constituent of nucleus and their intrinsic properties, size ofthe nucleus, radii, charge density. Nuclear charge: measurement of nuclear charge, Alphascattering methods, nuclear mass, measurement of mass using Bainbridge spectrograph, massdefect, binding energy, variation of binding energy with atomic mass number. Elementary idea ofnuclear fusion-fission, nuclear angular momentum, nuclear magnetic dipole moment, nuclearelectric quadrupole moment: definition, units, significance of positive and negative values.

Unit 2: Radioactive decay:- Radioactive series decay, growth and decay of daughter product,ideal, transient, and secular equilibrium. Alpha decay: basic features of alpha decay, Gamowfactor, Giger Nutttal law, energy spectrum of alpha particles, fine structure. Beta decay: energykinematics of Beta decay, neutrino hypothesis, continuous nature of beta particle spectrum.Gamma decay and selection rules for Gamma decay.Nuclear reactions:- Types of reaction, conservation laws, Q-value: negative Q-value reaction andthreshold energies, energetic of α, β+, β- and electron capture (EC) decay.

Unit 3: Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter:- Energy loss due to ionization (Betheblock formula), range and straggling, Cerenkov radiation, interaction of Gamma radiation withmatter, Photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and Pair production.Detectors for Nuclear radiations:- Gas filled detectors, G.M counter, ionization chamber. Basicprinciple of Scintillation detectors and construction of Photo multiplier tube (PMT). Principle ofSemi-Conductor (SC) detectors. Position sensitive gas filled detectors.

Unit IV: Particle Physics:- Basic interactions and their mediating quanta, types of particles andits families, Fermions and Bosons, Leptons and Hadrons, particles and antiparticles, idea ofresonances, conservation rules in fundamental interactions. Determination of spins and parity ofpions, spins of particles, associated production, strangeness and decay mode, charge kaons, Isospinand its conservation, Concept of Quark model: Quarks their quantum numbers.

Reference Books: Kenneth S. Krane : Introductory nuclearPhysics by (Wiley India Pvt. 2008) Bernard L. Cohen : Concepts of nuclear physics by (Tata Mcgraw Hill 1998) D. Griffith : Introductory to Elementary Particles (Jhon Wiley & Sons) Enge, H. A. : Introductory to nuclear Physics (Addison Wesely) Evans, R. D. :Atomic Nucleus (Macgraw Hill) Kapoor, S. S. & Ramamurthy, V. S. : Nuclear Radiation Detectors (New Age) Knoll, G. F. : Radiation Detectors Dodd, J. E . : Ideas of Particles Physics (Cambridge Univ. Press.) Martin, B. R & Shaw, R. G. : Ghoshal,: Particle Physics (John Wiley) S. N. : Atomic and Nuclear Physics (S. Chand & Company, Ltd)

Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course OutcomesB.Sc. (Hons.) VI Semester (Physics)


Course Title: CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND E.M. THEORYCourse Number: PHB-651Credits: 04Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures and 08 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop mathematical concepts and skills among the students regarding the Lagrangianand Hamiltonian formulations of mechanical systems, E.M. theory and its applications.


1. express the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian and solve problems based on of variousclassical systems

2. understand and solve central force and Kepler’s problems.3. achieve an understanding of Maxwell’s equation, gauge transformation and

boundary conditions between different media.4. manipulate and apply Maxwell’s equations to deduce wave equation,

electromagnetic field energy, momentum and angular momentum density.5. analyse the phenomena of wave propagation in unbounded, bounded, vacuum,

dielectric and guided and unguided media.6. calculate the reflection and transmission coefficient at plane interface in bounded

media.7. know the features of planar, optical and rectangular wave guides and obtain the

field components, Eigen value equation and energy flow, phase and groupvelocities in the dielectric media.

8. understand the fundamentals of propagation of electromagnetic waves throughoptical fibres and calculate numerical aperture for step and graded indices, etc.

(BOS: 21.05.18)Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) VI Semester (Physics)

CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORYPaper Code: PHB-651


Unit-I: Lagrangian Dynamics and Variational PrinciplesConstraints -- holonomic and non-holonomic, time independent and time dependent.Generalized coordinates, Lagrange equations from D’Alembert’s principle, velocitydependent potentials, velocity dependent potential for e.m. field, applications ofLagrangian formalism to simple mechanical systems. Variational principle: Technique ofthe calculus of variation, Hamilton’s variational principle, Lagrange equations usingHamilton’s principle. Generalised momenta, cyclic coordinates, Definition of energyfunction and Hamiltonian and its physical significance, conservation of energy,conservation of linear and angular momenta.

Unit-II: Hamiltonian Dynamics and Two-body Central Force ProblemsHamilton’s equation of motion from variational principle, Conservation laws and cycliccoordinates, Hamiltonian as a constant of motion, Two-body problem: Central forceproblem, conservation of angular momentum and Kepler’s second law, the Keplerproblem - inverse square law of force, Kepler’s first and third laws, the Virial theorem andits simple applications. Two-body collisions - Scattering by a central force, Rutherfordscattering formula, transformation of the scattering problem from centre of mass tolaboratory coordinates.

Unit-III: Maxwell Equations and EM WavesReview of Maxwell’s equations: Vector and Scalar Potentials. Gauge Transformations:Lorentz and Coulomb Gauge. Electromagnetic (EM) Energy Density. Physical Concept ofElectromagnetic Field, Energy Density, Momentum Density and Angular MomentumDensity.EM Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media: Propagation through conducting media,relaxation time, skin depth. Wave propagation through dilute plasma, electricalconductivity, plasma frequency, refractive index, skin depth, application to propagationthrough ionosphere.EM Wave in Bounded Media: Boundary conditions at a plane interface between twomedia. Laws of Reflection & Refraction. Fresnel's Formulae for perpendicular & parallelpolarization cases, Brewster's law. Reflection & Transmission coefficients. Total internalreflection, Metallic reflection (normal Incidence)

Unit-IV: Wave Guides and Optical FibresWave Guides: Planar optical wave guides. Waves in hollow conductors. T.E. and T.M.modes. Rectangular wave guides (TE and TM cases)Optical Fibres:- Numerical Aperture. Step and Graded Indices (Definitions Only). Singleand Multiple Mode Fibres (Concept and Definition Only).

Reference Books: Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, 3rd Ed. (Paperback), 2011, Pearson Education Classical Dynamics of Particles Systems Marion, S. T. Thornton, and J. B. Marion,

5th Ed., 2003, Brooks Cole Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths, 4th Ed., 2015, Pearson Education

India Learning Private Limited Classical Electromagnetic Radiation, Mark A. Heald and J. B. Marion, 3rd Ed.,

1994, Saunders College Publishing Fundamentals of Optics, Devraj Singh, 2nd Ed., 2015, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd



Course Title: STATISTICAL MECHANICSCourse Number: PHB-652Credits: 02Type of course: Core (Theory)Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures and 04 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesThis course intends to develop understanding regarding the basic concepts of classical andquantum statistical mechanics and its application to Classical and Quantum Theory ofRadiation, and Bose and Fermi Statistics.

Course OutcomesOn completion of the course, the student should be able to:

1. understand and describe the statistical nature of concepts in particular Macro state &Microstate, Elementary Concept of Ensemble, Phase Space, Entropy andThermodynamic Probability, Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law, PartitionFunction, Thermodynamic Functions of an Ideal Gas, Classical Entropy Expression,Gibbs Paradox, Thermodynamic Functions of a Two-Energy Levels System andNegative Temperature.

2. differentiate between Classical and Quantum Theory of Radiation and derive theproperties of black body radiation from the classical and quantum perspective.

3. derive the B-E distribution law and apply it for a strongly Degenerate Bose Gas, BoseEinstein condensation(qualitative description), properties of liquid He (qualitativedescription), Radiation as a photon gas and Thermodynamic functions of photon gas.

4. obtain the Fermi-Dirac Distribution Law and use it to derive the Thermodynamicfunctions of a completely and strongly Degenerate Fermi Gas, Fermi Energy, WhiteDwarf Stars and Chandrasekhar Mass Limit.

5. solve problems relevant to above topics.

.Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) VI Semester (Physics)STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Paper Code: PHB-652


Unit-I: Classical StatisticsMacrostate & Microstate, Elementary Concept of Ensemble, Phase Space, Entropy andThermodynamic Probability, Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law, Partition Function,Thermodynamic Functions of an Ideal Gas, Classical Entropy Expression, Gibbs Paradox,Thermodynamic Functions of a Two-Energy Levels System, Negative Temperature.

Unit-II: Classical and Quantum Theory of RadiationClassical Theory of Radiation: Properties of Thermal Radiation. Blackbody Radiation.Pure temperature dependence. Review of Kirchhoff’s law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, RadiationPressure, Wien’s Displacement law, Wien’s Distribution Law, Saha’s Ionization Formula andRayleigh-Jean’s Law. Ultraviolet Catastrophe.

Quantum Theory of Radiation: Spectral Distribution of Black Body Radiation. Planck’sQuantum Postulates. Planck’s Law of Blackbody Radiation. Deduction of (1) Wien’sDistribution Law, (2) Rayleigh-Jeans Law, (3) Stefan-Boltzmann Law, (4) Wien’sDisplacement law from Planck’s law.

Unit-III: Bose-Einstein StatisticsB-E distribution law, Thermodynamic functions of a strongly Degenerate Bose Gas, BoseEinstein condensation(qualitative description), properties of liquid He (qualitative description),Radiation as a photon gas and Thermodynamic functions of photon gas.

Unit-IV: Fermi-Dirac StatisticsFermi-Dirac Distribution Law, Thermodynamic functions of a completely and stronglyDegenerate Fermi Gas, Fermi Energy, White Dwarf Stars, and Chandrasekhar Mass Limit.

Reference Books: Statistical Mechanics, R.K. Pathria, Butterworth Heinemann: 2nd Ed., 1996, Oxford

University Press. Statistical Physics, Berkeley Physics Course, F. Reif, 2008, Tata McGraw-Hill Statistical and Thermal Physics, S. Lokanathan and R.S. Gambhir. 1991, Prentice Hall Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Francis W. Sears

and Gerhard L. Salinger, 1986, Narosa. Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, 2009, Springer

An Introduction to Statistical Mechanics & Thermodynamics, R.H. Swendsen, 2012,Oxford Univ. Press

Statistical Physics, L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, 3rd Ed, Elsevier



Course Title: BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLSCourse Number: PHB-653Credits: 02Type of course: Ability Enhancement (Theory)Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures and 04 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectiveTo impart knowledge of design, operation and use of various electrical and electronicinstruments in real life applications and paraphrase their importance.Course OutcomesOn completion of this course students will be able to:

1. familiarize and analyze the signal accordance to accuracy, precision, sensitivity,resolution, errors etc.

2. use and measure frequency, phase etc. of the signal with CRO.3. acquire purpose, scope and concepts of signal generator and wave analyzer.4. understand different types of bridges and their construction to find unknown values.5. develop an understanding of construction and working of different analog and digital

devices.

Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) VI Semester (Physics)BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS

Paper Code: PHB-653


Unit-I: Instruments for Electrical MeasurementBasic of Measurement: Instruments accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution range etc.Errors in measurements and loading effects.Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dc voltage and dc current, ac voltage, ac currentand resistance. Specifications of a multimeter and their significance.Electronic Voltmeter: Advantage over conventional multimeter for voltage measurementwith respect to input impedance and sensitivity. Principles of voltage, measurement (blockdiagram only). Specifications of an electronic Voltmeter/ Multimeter and their significance.AC millivoltmeter: Type of AC millivoltmeters: Amplifier- rectifier, and rectifier- amplifier.Block diagram ac millivoltmeter, specifications and their significance.

Unit-II: Cathode Ray OscilloscopeBlock diagram of basic CRO. Construction of CRT, Electron gun, electrostatic focusing andacceleration (Explanation only– no mathematical treatment), brief discussion on screenphosphor, visual persistence & chemical composition. Time base operation, synchronization.Front panel controls. Specifications of a CRO and their significance.Use of CRO for the measurement of voltage (dc and ac frequency, time period. Specialfeatures of dual trace, introduction to digital oscilloscope, probes. Digital storageOscilloscope: Block diagram and principle of working.

Unit-III: Signal Generators and Analysis InstrumentsSignal Generators and Analysis Instruments: Block diagram, explanation andspecifications of low frequency signal generators. pulse generator, and function generator.Brief idea for testing, specifications. Distortion factor meter, wave analysis.Impedance Bridges & Q-Meters: Block diagram of bridge. working principles of basic(balancing type) RLC bridge. Specifications of RLC bridge. Block diagram & workingprinciples of a Q- Meter. Digital LCR bridges.

Unit-IV: Digital InstrumentsPrinciple and working of digital meters. Comparison of analog & digital instruments.Characteristics of a digital meter. Working principles of digital voltmeter.Digital Multimeter: Block diagram and working of a digital multimeter. Working principleof time interval, frequency and period measurement using universal counter/ frequencycounter, time- base stability, accuracy and resolution.

The test of lab skills will be of the following test items:1. Use of an oscilloscope.2. CRO as a versatile measuring device.3. Circuit tracing of Laboratory electronic equipment,4. Use of Digital multimeter/VTVM for measuring voltages5. Circuit tracing of Laboratory electronic equipment,6. Winding a coil / transformer.7. Study the layout of receiver circuit.8. Trouble shooting a circuit9. Balancing of bridges

Laboratory Exercises:1. To observe the loading effect of a multimeter while measuring voltage across a low

resistance and high resistance.2. To observe the limitations of a multimeter for measuring high frequency voltage and

currents.3. To measure Q of a coil and its dependence on frequency, using a Q- meter.4. Measurement of voltage, frequency, time period and phase angle using CRO.5. Measurement of time period, frequency, average period using universal counter/

frequency counter.6. Measurement of rise, fall and delay times using a CRO.7. Measurement of distortion of a RF signal generator using distortion factor meter.8. Measurement of R, L and C using a LCR bridge/ universal bridge.

Open Ended Experiments:1. Using a Dual Trace Oscilloscope2. Converting the range of a given measuring instrument (voltmeter, ammeter)

Reference Books: A text book in Electrical Technology - B L Theraja - S Chand and Co. Performance and design of AC machines - M G Say ELBS Edn. Digital Circuits and systems, Venugopal, 2011, Tata McGraw Hill. Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer. Digital Electronics, Subrata Ghoshal, 2012, Cengage Learning. Electronic Devices and circuits, S. Salivahanan & N. S.Kumar, 3rd Ed., 2012, Tata

Mc-Graw Hill Electronic circuits: Handbook of design and applications, U.Tietze, Ch.Schenk, 2008,

Springer Electronic Devices, 7/e Thomas L. Floyd, 2008, Pearson India 65

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Course Title: ATOMIC, MOLECULAR AND LASER PHYSICSCourse Number: PHB-654Credits: 04Type of course: Elective (Theory)Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures and 08 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop the theoretical and experimental knowledge of various types of atomic/molecularspectra and Lasers as well as the basic techniques of experimental spectroscopy.


1. know the theoretical and experimental background of atomic as well as molecular spectra.2. understand various types of Lasers, their working and applications.3. understand basic components of spectroscopic instruments and their functions.4. know about measurements of atomic/molecular spectra using spectrometers.

Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) VI Semester (Physics)ATOMIC, MOLECULAR AND LASER PHYSICS

Paper Code: PHB-654(Credit-04)

Theory:48 Lectures, Tutorials:08Unit-I: Atomic PhysicsOne valence electron atom: Electronic configuration and atomic states, spin-orbit interaction, finestructure, intensity rules for structure doublets, selection rule for electrical dipole transitions. Twovalence electron atoms: LS and jj coupling scheme, vector model of atom, terms and levels fornon-equivalent electron system (sp,pd and spd configuration) and equivalent electrons (p2,d2

configurations). Hund’s rules. Normal and anomalous Zeeman effect. Hyperfine structure.

Unit-II: Molecular PhysicsRotational Spectra: Diatomic molecule as rigid and non-rigid rotator, effect of isotopicsubstitution, rotational spectrum.Vibrational Spectra: The vibrating diatomic molecule, harmonic and anharmonic oscillatormodels, vibrating-rotator and its spectrum. Infrared spectrum of diatomic molecules. Fundamentalmodes of H2O and CO2.Raman Spectra: Classical and quantum theory of Raman effect, polarizibility, rotational Ramanspectra of diatomic molecules. Vibrational Raman spectra.Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules: Born-Oppenheimer approximation, Vibrational coarsestructure (progressions and sequences), intensity of vibrational-electronic spectra: Franck-Condonprinciple (qualitative). Electronic structure of diatomic molecules: molecular orbitals, electronicconfiguration, electronic angular momentum in diatomic molecules: classification of states,molecular orbitals energy level diagram for simple diatomic molecules.

Unit-III: Laser PhysicsSpontaneous and stimulated emissions, population inversion, Resonator: modes of resonator,number of modes per unit volume, open resonator, quality factor, Laser pumping, ammonia maser,principal and working of Argon ion, CO2 laser, and N2 lasers. Characteristics of laser beam.Holography: Recording of hologram, reconstruction of image, characteristics of holographs.

Unit-IV: Experimental SpectroscopySpectrum, Absorption and Emission Spectra, Subdivisions of Spectroscopy, Spectroscope,Spectrograph, Spectrometer, gratings. Determination of wavelength of a spectral line using thetransmission grating. Grating mountings. Rayleigh criterion of resolution. Dispersive andresolving power. Resolving power of prism and grating. Prism and grating spectrographs. Prismand grating spectra. Constant deviation spectrometer. Light sources and detectors.

Reference Books: Introduction to Atomic Spectra, White, H.E. (McGraw-Hill) Atomic and Quantum Physics, Haken, H. & Wolf, H.C., Haken, H. & Wolf, H.C., Atomic and Quantum Physics (Springer-Verlag) Banwell, C.A., Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy (Tata McGraw-Hill) Hollas, J.M., Basic Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy(RS.C) Laud, B.B. Lasers and Non-Linear Optics (Wiley Eastern) Wolfgang Demtröder, Atoms, Molecules and Photons

Sawyer, R.A., Experimental Spectroscopy (Dover) Thorne, A., Litzen, U, Johansson, S, Spectrophysics (Springer)



Course Title: NANOMATERIALS AND APPLICATIONSCourse Number: PHB-655Credits: 04Type of course: Elective (Theory)Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures and 08 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop the basic concept of nanoscience and acquire an understanding of variouscharacterization techniques and potential applications of nanomaterials.Course OutcomesUpon completion of this course students will be able to:

1. understand the classification of nanostructures and effects of quantum confinement onthe electronic structure of nanomaterials.

2. comprehend the behavior of nanostructures in quantum mechanical approach3. identify the different ways of nanomaterials synthesis and their characterization

techniques.4. gain knowledge of basic theories of electron transport and optical properties of

nanomaterials.5. provide understanding of MEMS/NEMS applications specially sensors, Micro

machining tools etc.6. familiarize about the potential applications of nanomaterials in LEDs, solar cells,

MEMS/NEMS etc.

(BOS: 20.10.2018)Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) VI Semester (Physics)NANO MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS

Paper Code: PHB-655


Unit-I: Nanoscale SystemsPhysical length scales in nanostructures, 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures (nanodots, thin films,nanowires, nanorods), Band structure and density of states of materials at nanoscale, Sizeeffects in smaller systems, Quantum confinement: Applications of Schrodinger equation-Infinite potential well, potential step, potential box, quantum confinement of carriers innanostructures and its consequences.

Unit-II: Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructure MaterialsSynthesis: Top down and Bottom up approach, High energy ball milling, Sol-gel method,Spin coating, Electrodeposition, Thermal evaporation, E-beam evaporation, Pulsed laserdeposition (PLD). Chemical vapor deposition (CVD).Characterization Techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy(STM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) andTransmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Unit-III: Electron Transport and Optical PropertiesElectrical Transport: Various conduction mechanisms in low dimensional systems:Thermionic emission, Schottky effect, Poole-Frankel effect, Variable range hoppingconduction and Polaron conduction.Optical properties of Semiconductor Nanoparticles: Excitons, Effective Mass Approximation,Optical Properties: Photoluminescence, Electroluminescence, Cathodoluminescence andThermoluminescence.

Unit-IV: ApplicationsApplications of quantum dots for light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells, Single electrontransistors (no derivation), CNTs based field effect transistors, Nanomaterial Devices:Quantum dots heterostructure lasers, Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS), NanoElectromechanical Systems (NEMS), Molecular switches.

Reference Books: CP. Poole, Jr. Frank J. Owens, Introduction to Nanotechnology (Wiley India Pvt.

Ltd.). S.K. Kulkarni, Nanotechnology: Principles & Practices (Capital Publishing Company) K.K. Chattopadhyay and A. N. Banerjee, Introduction to Nanoscience and

Technology (PHI Learning Private Limited). Richard Booker, Earl Boysen, Nanotechnology (John Wiley and Sons). M. Hosokawa, K. Nogi, M. Naita, T. Yokoyama, Nanoparticle Technology Handbook

(Elsevier, 2007). Bharat Bhushan, Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology (Springer-Verlag, Berlin,

2004).



Course Title: CLASSICAL DYNAMICSCourse Number: PHB-656Credits: 04Type of course: Elective (Theory)Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures and 08 Tutorials)Course Assessment:Internal assessment (1 Hour): 30%End Semester Examination (2.5 Hours): 70%

Course ObjectivesTo develop basic understanding of the fundamentals of Classical Mechanics andElectrodynamics.

Course OutcomesOn completion of this course students will be able to:

1. express the equations of motion for complicated mechanical systems using theLagrangian, Hamiltonian and canonical transformation formulations of classicalmechanics

2. demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles of the special theory of relativityand perform basic calculations in relativistic kinematics and dynamics in four vectorformalism.

3. master the technique of deriving and evaluating formulae for the electromagnetic fieldsfrom very general charge and current distributions.

4. calculate the electromagnetic radiation from localised charges which move arbitrarilyin time and space, taking into account retardation effects and account for the underlyingapproximations and assumptions.

5. describe the nature of electromagnetic wave and its propagation through differentmedia and interfaces.

Syllabus for B.Sc.(Hons.) VI Semester (Physics)CLASSICAL DYNAMICS


Theory:48 Lectures, Tutorial:08

Unit-I:Generalised coordinates and velocities. Hamilton's Principle, Lagrangian and Euler-Lagrange equations. Applications to simple systems such as coupled oscillators.Canonical momenta & Hamiltonian. Hamilton's equations of motion. Applications:Hamiltonian for a harmonic oscillator, particle in a central force field. Poisson brackets.Canonical transformations.

Unit-II: Special Theory of Relativity-IPostulates of Special Theory of Relativity. Lorentz Transformations. Minkowski space. Theinvariant interval, light cone and world lines. Space-time diagrams. Time-dilation, lengthcontraction & twin paradox.Four-vectors:space-like, time-like & light-like. Four-velocity and acceleration. Metric andalternating tensors. Four-momentum and energy-momentum relation. Doppler effect from afour vector perspective. Concept of four-force. Conservation of four-momentum. Relativistickinematics. Application to two-body decay of an unstable particle.

Unit-III: Special Theory of Relativity-IIThe Electromagnetic field tensor and its transformation under Lorentz transformations:relation to known transformation properties of E and B. Electric and magnetic fields due toa uniformly moving charge. Equation of motion of charged particle & Maxwell's equationsin tensor form. Motion of charged particles in external electric and magnetic fields.

Unit-IV: Electromagnetic Radiation and Wave GuidesElectromagnetic Radiation: Review of retarded potentials. Potentials due to a movingcharge: Lienard Wiechert potentials. Electric & Magnetic fields due to a moving charge:Power radiated, Larmor’s formula and its relativistic generalisation.Wave Guides: Planar optical wave guides. Planar dielectric wave guide. Condition ofcontinuity at interface. Phase shift on total reflection. Eigenvalue equations. Phase and groupvelocity of guided waves. Field energy and Power transmission.

Reference Books: Classical Mechanics, H.Goldstein, C.P. Poole, J.L. Safko, 3rd Edn. 2002, Pearson

Education. Mechanics, L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, 1976, Pergamon. Classical Electrodynamics, J.D. Jackson, 3rd Edn., 1998, Wiley. The Classical Theory of Fields, L.D Landau, E.M Lifshitz, 4th Edn., 2003, Elsevier. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths, 2012, Pearson Education. Classical Mechanics: An introduction, Dieter Strauch, 2009, Springer.

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