vision
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Use the following ppt. to take notes on the structure of the eye. Before you tape the eye diagram into notes – take notes on wavelengths (Obj.7) T ape the eye into your notebook. You should label the eye and then define each part underneath your diagram. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
VisionUse the following ppt. to take notes on the structure of the eye.
Before you tape the eye diagram into notes – take notes on wavelengths (Obj.7)Tape the eye into your notebook.You should label the eye and then define each part underneath your diagram.You will take additional notes on the retina after you define the structures.
Objective 7: What is the energy we see as visible light?
1.Wavelength = hue/color distance from 1 wave peak to the next Hue (color)
2. Intensity = brightness the amount of energy in light waves Wave amplitude/height = brightness
Frequency of a wave
shows us color
Height of a wave
shows us brightnes
s
The Physical Property of WavesHUE/ COLOR BRIGHTNESS
Frequency of a wave shows us color
Height of a wave shows us brightness
Objective 8: Eye Structure
CorneaPupil IrisLens
accommodationRetina
The Structure of the Eye
The Structure of the Eye
Cornea = outer covering of the eye.
The Structure of the Eye
Pupil = the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.
The Structure of the Eye
Iris = a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size
of the pupil opening.• The iris dilates/constricts in response to changing light
intensity
The Structure of the Eye
Lens = the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.
The Structure of the Eye
Retina = the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.
The Structure of the Eye
Blind Spot = the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a “blind” spot because no receptor cells are
located there.
The Structure of the Eye
Fovea = the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster.
The Structure of the Eye
Optic Nerve = the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.
The Retina
Rods and Cones
Rods
Cones
retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; peripheral & twilight vision,
when cones don’t respond
*work well in dark*
retinal receptor cells concentrated near the Center of
the retina; function in
daylight or in well-lit conditions.
Detect fine detail & Color.
*doesn’t work well in dark *
Objective 9:Visual Organization
Gestalt psychology- Our brain’s tendency to integrate pieces of
information into meaningful wholes
GO TO MY BIG CAMPUS & TAKE NOTES ON THE VIDEOS YOU SEE FOR OBJECTIVES 9 -10-11
Figure Ground
The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that
stand out from their
surroundings (the ground)
Objective 9Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt An organized whole;
our brains “fill in” the missing details
Figure-GroundGrouping
Proximity Similarity Closure
Form PerceptionGrouping
Form PerceptionGrouping - Proximity
We group nearby objects togethe
r
Form PerceptionGrouping - Similarity
We group similar objects togethe
r
Form PerceptionGrouping - Closure
We fill in gaps to create a complete,
whole object
Objective 10: Depth Perception
Depth perception Visual-cliff
The ability to see objects in 3D – the images that strike retina are 2D but hit at different times so see depth
Biology prepares us to be wary of
heights but nonverbal cues
matter
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6cqNhHrMJA
Depth PerceptionBinocular Cues
Binocular cues Retinal
disparity Eyes are 2 ½ inches
apart Brain compares
images to judge how close an object is
Depth PerceptionMononocular Cues
Monocular cues Depth cue
available to each eye alone
Monocular cues Relative height Relative size Interposition Linear
perspective Relative motion Light and shadow
Depth PerceptionMononocular Cues – Relative Height
We perceiv
e objects higher in our field of vision
as farther away
Depth PerceptionMononocular Cues – Relative Size
If we assume 2 objects
are similar in size, most
people perceive the one
that casts the
smaller retinal
image as farther away
Depth PerceptionMononocular Cues - Interposition
If one object
partially blocks
our view of
another, we
perceive it as
closer.
Depth PerceptionMononocular Cues – Linear Perspective
Parallel lines seem to meet in
the distance.
The sharper the
angel of convergenc
e, the greater the perceived distance.
Perceptual Adaptation
The ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or
even inverted visual field
Humans adapt to a distorted world when wearing goggles that shifts location 30 degrees.
Hearinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsOo3jzkhYA29 year old hears for first time
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GA9gEh1fLs
Little Boy hears for first time
Hearing & Other SensesObjectives 11
Oval window =middle earconnects to the
cochlea
Cochlea = a coiled, bony,
fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve
impulses.
thalamus
The EarPerceiving Loudness
Brain interprets loudness from the number of activated hair cells
Basilar membrane’s hair cells
PainUnderstanding Pain
Gate-control theory Endorphins Phantom limb sensations
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DAgFwn4-w4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSjwy6Y7Y8M
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrqi1B9Xbt0
Phantom Limb Therapy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YL_6OMPywnQPhantom Limb Treatment
Taste
Sweet, sour, salty and bitterTaste budsAge and taste
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Fhc0t_QNhs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZC-WfUHUBSw
Lemon Babies MSG
TasteSensory Interaction
Sensory interaction Interaction of smell and taste
McGurk Effect Interaction of other senses
synaesthesia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lN8vWm3m0
McGurk Effect
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkRbebvoYqI
Smell
Olfaction Chemical sense Oldest sense